2019-01-07（aforementioned）

重新开始一日一词啦，这次希望做到两点：坚持+总结

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1. 释义

mentioned before in an earlier part of a document, article, book etc

e.g. There are plenty of examples, including at the banks during the financial crisis or the aforementioned cases at News International and Siemens.

Siemens 西门子？

2. 用法

形容词，一般用在比较正式的口语和写作中，让语言变得简洁。在有字数限制的写作中，非常有用。

在一篇文章、演讲中县提到过某人和某物，后面再次提到就可以用这个词。但一般会在aforementioned前面加the，比如the aforementioned city.

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e.g. Some brands, like the aforementioned the Sleeper, Fleur du Mal and Attico, were founded expressly to make all-day loungewear.（《华尔街日报》）

loungewear 家常便服

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e.g. Ideally we shouldn't have to teach students how to be trustworthy. We might expect most to consider it the right thing to be in and of itself. Even for those less virtuous, there is a sound business case; research has shown that trusted leaders inspire teams to create more value, while employees who feel trusted reciprocate with superior performance.

（原则上我们不应该去教育孩子如何保持诚实。）

 in and of itself 本身，本质上

In and of itself it's bad.（它本质上是坏的。）

It is not wealth in and of itself. （它本身不是财富。）

It means evil in and of itself.（它本身意味着邪恶。）

However, high-profile affairs such as phone-trapping at  News International, corporate scandals at Olympus and Siemens, or the shenanigans over British MPs' expenses, suggest that not everybody ranks trust and trustworthiness as a work priority. Indeed, some care little for it, seeing it as naive or unreliable. Some even seek to thrive on wilful mistrust.