新概念英语第二册（3）
【New words and expressions】生词和短语（11）
send v. 寄，送
postcard n. 明信片
spoil v. 使索然无味，损坏
museum n. 博物馆
public adj. 公共的
friendly adj. 友好的
waiter n. 服务员，招待员
lend v. 借给
decision n. 决定
whole adj. 整个的
single adj. 唯一的，单一的
★send v. 寄, 送
send a letter 寄信
send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送（寄）什么东西
send/take children to school：take 强调某人亲自送；send 则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车
take flowers to his wife 自己送
send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送
★postcard n. 明信片
两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
name card /visiting card 名片
Here is my name card. (口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作)
ID card 身份证 （ID 身份）
credit card 信用卡
cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种)
★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏
① vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend. 这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。
The rain spoiled the school sports. 这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。
This spoiled my day. What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my holiday.
② vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱
Don’t spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。
His parents spoiled the boy.
spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱
break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重
destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁
以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而 spoil 主要指精神上的
★museum n. 博物馆
Palace Museum 故宫
★public adj. 公共的
① adj. 公共的，公众的，社会的
There is a public library in this town.
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
② adj. 公开的，众人皆知的
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他们的秘密会晤 20 年以后才被公开。
public house（酒吧）简称 pub public place 公共场所
in public 公开的；in private 私下里的
Let’s have a conversation in private. 让我们私下谈谈?
Why not have a conversation in public? 为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)
③ n. 公众，群众，大众
The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公众对他的解释很满意。
The museum is open to the public on Sunday.
way
★friendly adj. 友好的
friendly 是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly
He is not very friendly to John. She gave me a friendly greeting.
He always greets me in a friendly way.
以-ly 结尾的形容词还有 lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly
★waiter n. 服务员, 招待员
waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里
chief waiter 领班
I want to see the chief waiter. 我要见你们的领班。
shop assistant 商店里的店员
attendant n. （其他公共场所的）服务员
★lend v. 借给
lend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.
borrow from（借进）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow 不能用 borrow sb sth.）
He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.
★decision n. 决定
make /take a decision 作出决定
It was not easy for me to make/take this decision. Are you made/taken a decision?
make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：伟大, 更重大) decide v. 决定
★whole adj. 整个的
a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
the whole…，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整两星期
all th…，all the day (the 可省略) 整天
all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the all of us；all of the students
★single adj. 唯一的, 单一的
反义词 : double 双倍的
【Text】
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
参考译文：
明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我参观了博物馆, 还去了公园. 一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语, 之后还借给我一本书. 我读了几行, 但一个字也不懂. 我每天都想着明信片的事. 假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片. 到了最后一天, 我作出了一项重大决定. 我早早起了床, 买来了 37 张明信片. 我在房间里关了整整一天. 然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!
【课文讲解】
1、Last summer, I went to Italy. last：
① adj. 上一个
last summer 里的 last 表示 “上一个”
② adj. 最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词 the
the last day 最后一天 （具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用 on）
2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
Italian 于Italy : 注意重读音的位置不同
teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事
He teaches our English.(错) He teaches us English.(对)
语言不可数, 所以要用 a little Italian 或 a few words of Italian I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
a few 可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有 some，a small number of（一些，少数几个）的意思。The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要问他一些问题。
3、Everyday I thought about postcards.
think about/of 考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think of 还可指想到What do you think of?
What do you think of TV program last night?
What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样? think over 仔细考虑，反复思考
What’s the weather like today? cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze
I'll freeze.我要冻僵了
4 、 I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! spend 与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过” spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday. I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)
spend 还可以表示“花钱”
If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again. I can’t spend any more on this car.
【Key structures】
一般过去时
一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不
指动作持续多久。
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter? Yes, I caught a cold last winter.
【Special Difficulties】
直接宾语与间接宾语
双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做
的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to”
（表示动作对什么人做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做）。
give sb. sth./give sth to sb
间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加 to(对……而言)或 for(为……而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、
“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”的, 就用 to
与 to 相连的 give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe take flowers to my wife.
与 for 相连的 buy, order, make, find I buy a book for you .
make a cake for you find sth. for sb.
do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 帮我一个忙
I do something for you.
Can I order something for you?
Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的意思
【Multiple choice questions】
- ___a___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach
人做主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom
who 既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom 只能对宾语提问
如果对主语提问, 则句子的语序和陈述句语序一样；如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+
一般疑问句的语序
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
- He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ___d___ .
a. friend b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly way He spoke to the writer like a friend.
in...way :以...方式, 作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way
7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room _ c_ day.
a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all of all (the) day
all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词 all of us；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加 the all of the friends all of my friends all of the students
- On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___a___ day of his holiday.
a. final b. end c. latest d. bottom
final——形容词 end——名词/动词 latest——形容词 bottom——名词latest adj. 最新的
latest news；latest style 新款
- He made a big decision. He ___b___ .
a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wish think about:考虑、思考、想 make up one's mind:下定决心
change one's mind:改变主意 make a wish : 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿