SpringBoot + FFmpeg实现一个简单的M3U8切片转码系统

使用大名鼎鼎的ffmpeg，把视频文件切片成m3u8，并且通过springboot，可以实现在线的点播。

想法

客户端上传视频到服务器，服务器对视频进行切片后，返回m3u8，封面等访问路径。可以在线的播放。
服务器可以对视频做一些简单的处理，例如裁剪，封面的截取时间。

视频转码文件夹的定义

喜羊羊与灰太狼  // 文件夹名称就是视频标题
  |-index.m3u8  // 主m3u8文件，里面可以配置多个码率的播放地址
  |-poster.jpg  // 截取的封面图片
  |-ts      // 切片目录
    |-index.m3u8  // 切片播放索引
    |-key   // 播放需要解密的AES KEY

实现

需要先在本机安装FFmpeg，并且添加到PATH环境变量，如果不会先通过搜索引擎找找资料

工程

pom

	4.0.0
	com.demo
	demo
	0.0.1-SNAPSHOT


	
		org.springframework.boot
		spring-boot-starter-parent
		2.4.5
		 
	

	
		
			org.springframework.boot
			spring-boot-starter-test
			test
		
		
			org.junit.vintage
			junit-vintage-engine
			test
		

		
			org.springframework.boot
			spring-boot-starter-web
			
				
					org.springframework.boot
					spring-boot-starter-tomcat
				
			
		
		
			org.springframework.boot
			spring-boot-starter-undertow
		
		
			commons-codec
			commons-codec
		
		
			com.google.code.gson
			gson
		

	

	
		${project.artifactId}
		
			
				org.springframework.boot
				spring-boot-maven-plugin
				
					true
				
			
		
	

配置文件

server:
  port: 80


app:
  # 存储转码视频的文件夹地址
  video-folder: "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\tmp"

spring:
  servlet:
    multipart:
      enabled: true
      # 不限制文件大小
      max-file-size: -1
      # 不限制请求体大小
      max-request-size: -1
      # 临时IO目录
      location: "${java.io.tmpdir}"
      # 不延迟解析
      resolve-lazily: false
      # 超过1Mb，就IO到临时目录
      file-size-threshold: 1MB
  web:
    resources:
      static-locations:
        - "classpath:/static/"
        - "file:${app.video-folder}" # 把视频文件夹目录，添加到静态资源目录列表

TranscodeConfig，用于控制转码的一些参数

package com.demo.ffmpeg;

public class TranscodeConfig {
	private String poster;				// 截取封面的时间			HH:mm:ss.[SSS]
	private String tsSeconds;			// ts分片大小，单位是秒
	private String cutStart;			// 视频裁剪，开始时间		HH:mm:ss.[SSS]
	private String cutEnd;				// 视频裁剪，结束时间		HH:mm:ss.[SSS]
	public String getPoster() {
		return poster;
	}

	public void setPoster(String poster) {
		this.poster = poster;
	}

	public String getTsSeconds() {
		return tsSeconds;
	}

	public void setTsSeconds(String tsSeconds) {
		this.tsSeconds = tsSeconds;
	}

	public String getCutStart() {
		return cutStart;
	}

	public void setCutStart(String cutStart) {
		this.cutStart = cutStart;
	}

	public String getCutEnd() {
		return cutEnd;
	}

	public void setCutEnd(String cutEnd) {
		this.cutEnd = cutEnd;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "TranscodeConfig [poster=" + poster + ", tsSeconds=" + tsSeconds + ", cutStart=" + cutStart + ", cutEnd="
				+ cutEnd + "]";
	}
}

MediaInfo，封装视频的一些基础信息

package com.demo.ffmpeg;

import java.util.List;

import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;

public class MediaInfo {
	public static class Format {
		@SerializedName("bit_rate")
		private String bitRate;
		public String getBitRate() {
			return bitRate;
		}
		public void setBitRate(String bitRate) {
			this.bitRate = bitRate;
		}
	}

	public static class Stream {
		@SerializedName("index")
		private int index;

		@SerializedName("codec_name")
		private String codecName;

		@SerializedName("codec_long_name")
		private String codecLongame;

		@SerializedName("profile")
		private String profile;
	}
	
	// ----------------------------------

	@SerializedName("streams")
	private List<Stream> streams;

	@SerializedName("format")
	private Format format;

	public List<Stream> getStreams() {
		return streams;
	}

	public void setStreams(List<Stream> streams) {
		this.streams = streams;
	}

	public Format getFormat() {
		return format;
	}

	public void setFormat(Format format) {
		this.format = format;
	}
}

FFmpegUtils，工具类封装FFmpeg的一些操作

package com.demo.ffmpeg;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import com.google.gson.Gson;


public class FFmpegUtils {
	
	private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FFmpegUtils.class);
	
	
	// 跨平台换行符
	private static final String LINE_SEPARATOR = System.getProperty("line.separator");
	
	/**
	 * 生成随机16个字节的AESKEY
	 * @return
	 */
	private static byte[] genAesKey ()  {
		try {
			KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
			keyGenerator.init(128);
			return keyGenerator.generateKey().getEncoded();
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			return null;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 在指定的目录下生成key_info, key文件，返回key_info文件
	 * @param folder
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	private static Path genKeyInfo(String folder) throws IOException {
		// AES 密钥
		byte[] aesKey = genAesKey();
		// AES 向量
		String iv = Hex.encodeHexString(genAesKey());
		
		// key 文件写入
		Path keyFile = Paths.get(folder, "key");
		Files.write(keyFile, aesKey, StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);

		// key_info 文件写入
		StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
		stringBuilder.append("key").append(LINE_SEPARATOR);					// m3u8加载key文件网络路径
		stringBuilder.append(keyFile.toString()).append(LINE_SEPARATOR);	// FFmeg加载key_info文件路径
		stringBuilder.append(iv);											// ASE 向量
		
		Path keyInfo = Paths.get(folder, "key_info");
		
		Files.write(keyInfo, stringBuilder.toString().getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
		
		return keyInfo;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 指定的目录下生成 master index.m3u8 文件
	 * @param fileName			master m3u8文件地址
	 * @param indexPath			访问子index.m3u8的路径
	 * @param bandWidth			流码率
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	private static void genIndex(String file, String indexPath, String bandWidth) throws IOException {
		StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
		stringBuilder.append("#EXTM3U").append(LINE_SEPARATOR);
		stringBuilder.append("#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=" + bandWidth).append(LINE_SEPARATOR);  // 码率
		stringBuilder.append(indexPath);
		Files.write(Paths.get(file), stringBuilder.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 转码视频为m3u8
	 * @param source				源视频
	 * @param destFolder			目标文件夹
	 * @param config				配置信息
	 * @throws IOException 
	 * @throws InterruptedException 
	 */
	public static void transcodeToM3u8(String source, String destFolder, TranscodeConfig config) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		
		// 判断源视频是否存在
		if (!Files.exists(Paths.get(source))) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("文件不存在：" + source);
		}
		
		// 创建工作目录
		Path workDir = Paths.get(destFolder, "ts");
		Files.createDirectories(workDir);
		
		// 在工作目录生成KeyInfo文件
		Path keyInfo = genKeyInfo(workDir.toString());
		
		// 构建命令
		List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();
		commands.add("ffmpeg");			
		commands.add("-i")						;commands.add(source);					// 源文件
		commands.add("-c:v")					;commands.add("libx264");				// 视频编码为H264
		commands.add("-c:a")					;commands.add("copy");					// 音频直接copy
		commands.add("-hls_key_info_file")		;commands.add(keyInfo.toString());		// 指定密钥文件路径
		commands.add("-hls_time")				;commands.add(config.getTsSeconds());	// ts切片大小
		commands.add("-hls_playlist_type")		;commands.add("vod");					// 点播模式
		commands.add("-hls_segment_filename")	;commands.add("%06d.ts");				// ts切片文件名称
		
		if (StringUtils.hasText(config.getCutStart())) {
			commands.add("-ss")					;commands.add(config.getCutStart());	// 开始时间
		}
		if (StringUtils.hasText(config.getCutEnd())) {
			commands.add("-to")					;commands.add(config.getCutEnd());		// 结束时间
		}
		commands.add("index.m3u8");														// 生成m3u8文件
		
		// 构建进程
		Process process = new ProcessBuilder()
			.command(commands)
			.directory(workDir.toFile())
			.start()
			;
		
		// 读取进程标准输出
		new Thread(() -> {
			try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
				String line = null;
				while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
					LOGGER.info(line);
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
			}
		}).start();
		
		// 读取进程异常输出
		new Thread(() -> {
			try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) {
				String line = null;
				while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
					LOGGER.info(line);
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
			}
		}).start();
		
		
		// 阻塞直到任务结束
		if (process.waitFor() != 0) {
			throw new RuntimeException("视频切片异常");
		}
		
		// 切出封面
		if (!screenShots(source, String.join(File.separator, destFolder, "poster.jpg"), config.getPoster())) {
			throw new RuntimeException("封面截取异常");
		}
		
		// 获取视频信息
		MediaInfo mediaInfo = getMediaInfo(source);
		if (mediaInfo == null) {
			throw new RuntimeException("获取媒体信息异常");
		}
		
		// 生成index.m3u8文件
		genIndex(String.join(File.separator, destFolder, "index.m3u8"), "ts/index.m3u8", mediaInfo.getFormat().getBitRate());
		
		// 删除keyInfo文件
		Files.delete(keyInfo);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获取视频文件的媒体信息
	 * @param source
	 * @return
	 * @throws IOException
	 * @throws InterruptedException
	 */
	public static MediaInfo getMediaInfo(String source) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();
		commands.add("ffprobe");	
		commands.add("-i")				;commands.add(source);
		commands.add("-show_format");
		commands.add("-show_streams");
		commands.add("-print_format")	;commands.add("json");
		
		Process process = new ProcessBuilder(commands)
				.start();
		 
		MediaInfo mediaInfo = null;
		
		try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
			mediaInfo = new Gson().fromJson(bufferedReader, MediaInfo.class);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		if (process.waitFor() != 0) {
			return null;
		}
		
		return mediaInfo;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 截取视频的指定时间帧，生成图片文件
	 * @param source		源文件
	 * @param file			图片文件
	 * @param time			截图时间 HH:mm:ss.[SSS]		
	 * @throws IOException 
	 * @throws InterruptedException 
	 */
	public static boolean screenShots(String source, String file, String time) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		
		List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();
		commands.add("ffmpeg");	
		commands.add("-i")				;commands.add(source);
		commands.add("-ss")				;commands.add(time);
		commands.add("-y");
		commands.add("-q:v")			;commands.add("1");
		commands.add("-frames:v")		;commands.add("1");
		commands.add("-f");				;commands.add("image2");
		commands.add(file);
		
		Process process = new ProcessBuilder(commands)
					.start();
		
		// 读取进程标准输出
		new Thread(() -> {
			try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
				String line = null;
				while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
					LOGGER.info(line);
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
			}
		}).start();
		
		// 读取进程异常输出
		new Thread(() -> {
			try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) {
				String line = null;
				while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
					LOGGER.error(line);
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
			}
		}).start();
		
		return process.waitFor() == 0;
	}
}

UploadController，执行转码操作

package com.demo.web.controller;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestPart;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import com.demo.ffmpeg.FFmpegUtils;
import com.demo.ffmpeg.TranscodeConfig;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public class UploadController {
	
	private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UploadController.class);
	
	@Value("${app.video-folder}")
	private String videoFolder;

	private Path tempDir = Paths.get(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
	
	/**
	 * 上传视频进行切片处理，返回访问路径
	 * @param video
	 * @param transcodeConfig
	 * @return
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	@PostMapping
	public Object upload (@RequestPart(name = "file", required = true) MultipartFile video,
						@RequestPart(name = "config", required = true) TranscodeConfig transcodeConfig) throws IOException {
		
		LOGGER.info("文件信息：title={}, size={}", video.getOriginalFilename(), video.getSize());
		LOGGER.info("转码配置：{}", transcodeConfig);
		
		// 原始文件名称，也就是视频的标题
		String title = video.getOriginalFilename();
		
		// io到临时文件
		Path tempFile = tempDir.resolve(title);
		LOGGER.info("io到临时文件：{}", tempFile.toString());
		
		try {
			
			video.transferTo(tempFile);
			
			// 删除后缀
			title = title.substring(0, title.lastIndexOf("."));
			
			// 按照日期生成子目录
			String today = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd").format(LocalDate.now());
			
			// 尝试创建视频目录
			Path targetFolder = Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(videoFolder, today, title));
			
			LOGGER.info("创建文件夹目录：{}", targetFolder);
			Files.createDirectories(targetFolder);
			
			// 执行转码操作
			LOGGER.info("开始转码");
			try {
				FFmpegUtils.transcodeToM3u8(tempFile.toString(), targetFolder.toString(), transcodeConfig);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				LOGGER.error("转码异常：{}", e.getMessage());
				Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
				result.put("success", false);
				result.put("message", e.getMessage());
				return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(result);
			}
			
			// 封装结果
			Map<String, Object> videoInfo = new HashMap<>();
			videoInfo.put("title", title);
			videoInfo.put("m3u8", String.join("/", "", today, title, "index.m3u8"));
			videoInfo.put("poster", String.join("/", "", today, title, "poster.jpg"));
			
			Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
			result.put("success", true);
			result.put("data", videoInfo);
			return result;
		} finally {
			// 始终删除临时文件
			Files.delete(tempFile);
		}
	}
}

index.html，客户端

<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Titletitle>
        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/hls.js/latest/hls.min.js">script>
    head>
    <body>
        选择转码文件： <input name="file" type="file" accept="video/*" onchange="upload(event)">
        <hr/>
		<video id="video"  width="500" height="400" controls="controls">video>
    body>
    <script>
    
   		const video = document.getElementById('video');
    	
        function upload (e){
            let files = e.target.files
            if (!files) {
                return
            }
            
            // TODO 转码配置这里固定死了
            var transCodeConfig = {
            	poster: "00:00:00.001", // 截取第1毫秒作为封面
            	tsSeconds: 15,				
            	cutStart: "",
            	cutEnd: ""
            }
            
            // 执行上传
            let formData = new FormData();
            formData.append("file", files[0])
            formData.append("config", new Blob([JSON.stringify(transCodeConfig)], {type: "application/json; charset=utf-8"}))

            fetch('/upload', {
                method: 'POST',
                body: formData
            })
            .then(resp =>  resp.json())
            .then(message => {
            	if (message.success){
            		// 设置封面
            		video.poster = message.data.poster;
            		
            		// 渲染到播放器
            		var hls = new Hls();
        		    hls.loadSource(message.data.m3u8);
        		    hls.attachMedia(video);
            	} else {
            		alert("转码异常，详情查看控制台");
            		console.log(message.message);
            	}
            })
            .catch(err => {
            	alert("转码异常，详情查看控制台");
                throw err
            })
        }
    script>
html>

使用

1. 在配置文件中，配置到本地视频目录后启动
2. 打开页面 localhost
3. 点击【选择文件】，选择一个视频文件进行上传，等待执行完毕（没有做加载动画）
4. 后端转码完成后，会自动把视频信息加载到播放器，此时可以手动点击播放按钮进行播放

可以打开控制台，查看上传进度，以及播放时的网络加载信息

---

首发： https://springboot.io/t/topic/3669