目录
语法
行为
应用
按照数据类型查询文档
查询符合多个类型的文档
使用minKey和maxKey查询文档
查询数组类型的字段
Mongodb集合中的文档结构灵活,不要求具有同一的格式。因此不同的字段可能带有不同类型的值。灵活的结构,为数据的写入带来了方便, 但后面的查询操作,可能会造成一定的麻烦。用户或应用程序需要考虑当前字段值的类型是什么。如果进行数值运算,则要将字符类型和其他类型的字段转化为数字类型。 mongodb提供了$type来按照指定的类型来查询文档。
{"": {$type: }}
其中, BSON_type可以是BSON类型的数字代码或字符别名
{"": {$type: [,]}}
其中,BSON_type1, BSON_type_2是BSON类型的数字代码或字符别名。
这里不允许使用$in操作符,而是直接在$type中指定类型数组。
有下面包含最小值和最大值的两个文档
db.minMax.insertMany([{
_id: 1, x: MinKey()
},{
_id: 2, y: MaxKey()
}])
//查询x字段是minKey的文档
db.minMax.find({x: {$type: "minKey"}})
//查询Y字段是maxKey的文档
db.minMax.find({y: {$type: "maxKey"}})
在集合addressBook中,包含了地址address字段和邮编zipcodes文档。 其中zipCode字段包含字符,整型,长整型,数组等多种类型。
db.addressbook.insertMany([
{"_id": 1, address: "2030 Martain Way", zipCode: "90698345"},
{"_id": 2, address: "156 Lunar Place", zipCode: 43339374},
{"_id": 3, address: "2324 Pluto Place", zipCode: NumberLong(3921412)},
{"_id": 4, address: "55 Saturn Ring", zipCode: NumberInt(88602117)},
{"_id": 5, address: "104 Venus Drive", zipCode: ["834847278", "1893289032"]}
])
查询zipCode字段为字符类型,或者zipCode数组值中包含字符类型的文档。
db.addressbook.find( {zipCode: {$type: 2}})
db.addressbook.find( {zipCode: {$type: "string"}})
//返回数据
/* 1 */
{
"_id" : 1,
"address" : "2030 Martain Way",
"zipCode" : "90698345" //字段类型为字符
},
/* 2 */
{
"_id" : 5,
"address" : "104 Venus Drive",
"zipCode" : [ "834847278", "1893289032" ] //字段类型为数组,数组中包含字符类型的元素
}
查询字段类型是整型类型的数据
db.addressbook.find( {zipCode: {$type: 16}})
db.addressbook.find( {zipCode: {$type: 'int'}})
/* 1 */
{
"_id" : 2,
"address" : "156 Lunar Place",
"zipCode" : 43339374 //整型类型
},
/* 2 */
{
"_id" : 4,
"address" : "55 Saturn Ring",
"zipCode" : 88602117 //整型类型
}
查询字段类型为数值类型的文档。 该查询返回字段类型为double, int, long, decimal和数组中包含数值类型的文档
db.addressbook.find( {zipCode: {$type: 'number'}})
/* 1 */
{
"_id" : 2,
"address" : "156 Lunar Place",
"zipCode" : 43339374 //整型
},
/* 2 */
{
"_id" : 3,
"address" : "2324 Pluto Place",
"zipCode" : Long("3921412") //长整型
},
/* 3 */
{
"_id" : 4,
"address" : "55 Saturn Ring",
"zipCode" : 88602117 //整型
}
在集合grades中包含字段name和classAverage, 其中classAverage字段具有字符串类型,整型和浮点型的数据。
db.grades.insertMany([
{"_id": 1, name: "Alice King", classAverage: 87.333333333333333},
{"_id": 2, name: "Bob Jenkins", classAverage: "83.52"},
{"_id": 3, name: "Cathy hart", classAverage: "94.06"},
{"_id": 4, name: "Drew Williams", classAverage: NumberInt("93")}
])
查询出字段classAverage是字符串类型和浮点类型的文档
db.grades.find( {classAverage: {$type: [2,1]}})
db.grades.find( {classAverage: {$type: ["string", "double"]}})
/* 1 */
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "Alice King",
"classAverage" : 87.33333333333333 //浮点类型
},
/* 2 */
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "Bob Jenkins",
"classAverage" : "83.52" //字符串
},
/* 3 */
{
"_id" : 3,
"name" : "Cathy hart",
"classAverage" : "94.06" //字符串
}
在$type中使用$in操作符会报错。
db.grades.find( {classAverage: {$type: {$in: ["string", "double"]}}}) //错误用法
{
"message" : "type must be represented as a number or a string",
"ok" : 0,
"code" : 14,
"codeName" : "TypeMismatch"
}
在一个酒店的每日管理过程中, 将用户评分为不及格的评价,记录为最小值minKey, 用户评分的最高分记录为最大值maxKey.
db.restaurants.insertMany([{
"_id": 1,
"address" : {
"building": "230",
"coord": [ -73.996089, 40.675018],
"street": "Huntington St",
"zipcode": "11231"
},
"borough": "Brooklyn",
"cuisine": "Bakery",
"grades": [
{date: new Date(1393804800000), "grade": "C", "score": 15},
{date: new Date(1378857600000), "grade": "C", "score": 16},
{date: new Date(1358985600000), "grade": MinKey(), "score": 30}, //最小值
{date: new Date(1322006400000), "grade": "C", "score": 15}
],
"name": "Dirty Dan's Donuts",
"restaurant_id": "30075445"
},{
"_id": 2,
"address" : {
"building": "1166",
"coord": [ -73.955184, 40.738589],
"street": "Manhattan Ave",
"zipcode": "11222"
},
"borough": "Brooklyn",
"cuisine": "Bakery",
"grades": [
{date: new Date(1393804800000), "grade": MaxKey(), "score": 2}, //最大值
{date: new Date(1378857600000), "grade": "B", "score": 6},
{date: new Date(1358985600000), "grade": MaxKey(), "score": 3}, //最大值
{date: new Date(1322006400000), "grade": "B", "score": 5}
],
"name": "Dainty Daisey's Donuts",
"restaurant_id": "30075449"
}])
使用最小值或最大值查询用户评价
db.restaurants.find({"grades.grade": { $type: "minKey"}})
db.restaurants.find({"grades.grade": { $type: "maxKey"}})
在集合sensorReading中, 包含了数组类型的传感器读取数据
db.sensorReading.insertMany([{
"_id": 1,
"readings": [ 25,23, ["Warn: High Temp!", 55], ["ERROR: SYSTEM SHUTDOWN!", 66]]
},{
"_id": 2,
"readings": [ 25,25, 24, 23]
},{
"_id": 3,
"readings": [ 22, 24, []]
},{
"_id": 4,
"readings": []
},{
"_id": 5,
"readings": 24
}])
查询字段readings是数组类型的文档。 无论数组是否为空,都会被查询出来。
db.sensorReading.find( {readings: {$type: "array"}})
/* 1 */
{
"_id" : 1,
"readings" : [
25,
23,
[ "Warn: High Temp!", 55 ],
[ "ERROR: SYSTEM SHUTDOWN!", 66 ]
]
},
/* 2 */
{
"_id" : 2,
"readings" : [ 25, 25, 24, 23 ]
},
/* 3 */
{
"_id" : 3,
"readings" : [
22,
24,
[ ]
]
},
/* 4 */
{
"_id" : 4,
"readings" : [ ]
}