50个开发必备的Python经典脚本(41-50)

目录

41. 彩色图像到黑白图像转换器

所需的库

用法

例子

42. CricBuzz 分数更新

如何跑

43.CSV 到 Excel

要求

44. 当前城市天气

45. 目录管理器

46. Excel 文件合并

所需的库

用法

47. 扩展IP地址信息

运行程序

输出

48.列表转换器的Excel到Python列表

所需的库

用法

49. Python 中的文件资源管理器对话框

1.使用tkinter

2.使用PyQt

50. 文件共享机器人

---

建议收藏备用

41. 彩色图像到黑白图像转换器

一个简单的 Python 脚本，它将彩色图像文件名作为参数，将其转换为灰度图像并保存输出图像文件。它展示了 Pillow 库的基本用法。

所需的库

1. 枕头 (PIL) $pip install Pillow

用法

1. 转到脚本的文件夹并打开命令提示符。
2. 运行命令： $python bw_convert.py

例子

$python bw_convert.py sample_image.jpg $python bw_convert.py sample_image.png

import sys
from PIL import Image
from PIL.ExifTags import TAGS

image_file = sys.argv[1]
image_name = image_file.split(".")[0]

try:
    image = Image.open(image_file)
except IOError:
    print("Error in loading image!!")
    sys.exit(1)

bw_image = image.convert('L')
bw_image.save("bw_"+image_name+".png")

42. CricBuzz 分数更新

这个基于网络抓取的 Python 脚本使用 Beautiful soup 库抓取数据来获取最近的板球比赛得分。

如何跑

在终端中输入此命令。

python3 cricbuzz_scrap.py

它将显示最近所有比赛的比分更新。

from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

quote_page = 'http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-match/live-scores'
page = urlopen(quote_page)
soup = BeautifulSoup(page,'html.parser')

update=[]

for score in soup.find_all('div',attrs={'class':'cb-col cb-col-100 cb-lv-main'}):
    s=score.text.strip()
    update.append(s)

print('-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*')


for i in range(len(update)):
    print(i+1),
    print(update[i])
print('-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*')

43.CSV 到 Excel

该程序将任何逗号分隔值文件（例如：.csv 或 .data）中的数据写入 Excel 文件。

要求

安装所需的库：

$ pip install openpyxl

之后运行：

$ python main.py 

输入文件示例

#!python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import openpyxl
import sys

#inputs
print("This programme writes the data in any Comma-separated value file (such as: .csv or .data) to a Excel file.")
print("The input and output files must be in the same directory of the python file for the programme to work.\n")

csv_name = input("Name of the CSV file for input (with the extension): ")
sep = input("Seperator of the CSV file: ")
excel_name = input("Name of the excel file for output (with the extension): ")
sheet_name = input("Name of the excel sheet for output: ")

#opening the files
try:
    wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(excel_name)
    sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheet_name)

    file = open(csv_name,"r",encoding = "utf-8")
except:
    print("File Error!")
    sys.exit()

#rows and columns
row = 1
column = 1

#for each line in the file
for line in file:
    #remove the \n from the line and make it a list with the seperator
    line = line[:-1]
    line = line.split(sep)

    #for each data in the line
    for data in line:
        #write the data to the cell
        sheet.cell(row,column).value = data
        #after each data column number increases by 1
        column += 1

    #to write the next line column number is set to 1 and row number is increased by 1
    column = 1
    row += 1

#saving the excel file and closing the csv file
wb.save(excel_name)
file.close()

44. 当前城市天气

使用 GET 请求检索您所在城市当前天气的详细信息，只需插入任何城市的名称，它将提供当前温度、当前风速和当前天气类型等详细信息。

import requests


def get_temperature(json_data):
    temp_in_celcius = json_data['main']['temp']
    return temp_in_celcius

def get_weather_type(json_data):
    weather_type = json_data['weather'][0]['description']
    return weather_type

def get_wind_speed(json_data):
    wind_speed = json_data['wind']['speed']
    return wind_speed



def get_weather_data(json_data, city):
    description_of_weather = json_data['weather'][0]['description']
    weather_type = get_weather_type(json_data)
    temperature = get_temperature(json_data)
    wind_speed = get_wind_speed(json_data)
    weather_details = ''
    return weather_details + ("The weather in {} is currently {} with a temperature of {} degrees and wind speeds reaching {} km/ph".format(city, weather_type, temperature, wind_speed))


def main():
    api_address = 'https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=Sydney,au&appid=a10fd8a212e47edf8d946f26fb4cdef8&q='
    city = input("City Name : ")
    units_format = "&units=metric"
    final_url = api_address + city + units_format
    json_data = requests.get(final_url).json()
    weather_details = get_weather_data(json_data, city)
    # print formatted data
    print(weather_details)

main()

45. 目录管理器

根据类型（常见扩展名）组织给定目录中的文件。无法识别的扩展名保留在父目录本身中，而其他扩展名则移动到相应的新目录，例如“图片”等。

python main.py [-h] 目录路径

#!/usr/bin/python3

import argparse
import os


def path():
    parse = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        add_help=True, description="Organize your files to different directories according to their type")
    parse.add_argument('directory_path', type=str, default='./',
                       help="The absolute path to the directory")
    return parse.parse_args().directory_path


documents = ['.log', '.txt', '.doc', '.docx', '.md', '.pdf', '.wps']
picture = ['.png', '.jpg', 'jpeg', '.bmp']
music = ['.mp3', '.wav']
compressed = ['.zip', '.rar', '.tar', '.gz', '.bz2', '.xz']
video = ['.3gp', '.mov', '.mp4', '.mkv', '.srt', '.avi']
web = ['.html', .'.css', '.js']
source = ['.py', '.c', '.cpp', '.java',]


directories = [path() + '/Compressed', path() + '/Documents',
               path() + '/Pictures', path() + '/Music', path() + '/Video', path() + '/Web', path() + '/Source-codes',]

print("This will organize your files to different directories according to their type!!")
print("Are you sure you want to continue? (y/n)")
flag = input('>>>')
if flag.lower() == 'y':
    try:
        for d in directories:
            os.mkdir(d)
    except FileExistsError:
        pass

    for files in os.listdir(path()):
        dot = (files.rfind('.'))
        if dot is not 0 and dot is not -1:
            if files[dot:].lower() in music:
                os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Music/' + files)
            if files[dot:].lower() in picture:
                os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Pictures/' + files)
            if files[dot:].lower() in documents:
                os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Documents/' + files)
            if files[dot:].lower() in compressed:
                os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() +
                          '/Compressed/' + files)
            if files[dot:].lower() in video:
                os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Video/' + files)
            if files[dot:].lower() in web:
                os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Web/' + files)
            if files[dot:].lower() in source:
                os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Source-codes/' + files)    

    for d in directories:
        if os.listdir(d) is None:
            os.removedirs(d)
else:
    print("Exiting")
    os.sys.exit(0)

46. Excel 文件合并

一个简单的脚本，将给定路径中具有类似表结构的 Excel 文件作为输入，并创建统一的 Excel 工作簿。

所需的库

1. 开放式pyxl $pip install openpyxl

用法

提供了示例脚本“将 excel 文件合并到 1.py”来展示 Excel 合并的用法。运行脚本时，它将询问统一工作簿的名称以及包含需要合并的 Excel 文件的文件夹的路径。

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
import os


# Read data from active worksheet and return it as a list
def reader(file):
    global path
    abs_file = os.path.join(path, file)
    wb_sheet = load_workbook(abs_file).active
    rows = []
    # min_row is set to 2, ignore the first row which contains headers
    for row in wb_sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2):
        row_data = []
        for cell in row:
            row_data.append(cell.value)
        rows.append(row_data)
    return rows


# You can replace these with your own headers for the table
headers = ['Nume', 'Prenume', 'Titlu', 'Editura', 'Cota', 'Pret', 'An']
# Unified excel name
workbook_name = input('Unified Workbook name ')
book = Workbook()
sheet = book.active
# Specify path
path = input('Path: ')
# Get all files from folder
files = os.listdir(path)
for file in files:
    rows = reader(file)
    for row in rows:
        sheet.append(row)
    book.save(filename=workbook_name)

47. 扩展IP地址信息

从终端查看有关您的公共 IP 地址的扩展信息。

python 脚本 curl 使用以下参数运行

curl -H "Accept: application/json" [https://ipinfo.io/json](https://ipinfo.io/json)

运行程序

python extended_ip_address_info.py

输出

输出应采用以下形式：

{  
  "ip": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx",  
  "city": "A_city",  
  "hostname": "host.isp-website.com",  
  "region": "A_region",  
  "country": "Country code",  
  "loc": "coordinates",  
  "org": "AS-number ISP-name",  
  "postal": "postal-code",  
  "timezone": "Europe/City",  
  "readme": "https://ipinfo.io/missingauth"  
}

#!/bin/python   
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Using curl to get data from https://ipinfo.io/json
# Template from pycurl documentation
# http://pycurl.io/docs/latest/quickstart.html#examining-response-headers

import pycurl #curl library
import certifi #HTTP over TLS/SSL library
from io import BytesIO #Buffered I/O implementation using an in-memory bytes buffer.

#set header, '--header' or -H
header = ['Accept: application/json']

buffer = BytesIO()
c = pycurl.Curl() #curl
c.setopt(c.HTTPHEADER, header) #header
c.setopt(c.URL, 'https://ipinfo.io/json') #URL
c.setopt(c.WRITEDATA, buffer)
c.setopt(c.CAINFO, certifi.where()) # SSL certificates
c.perform()
c.close()

body = buffer.getvalue()
# Body is a byte string.
# We have to know the encoding in order to print it to a text file
# such as standard output.
print(body.decode('iso-8859-1'))

48.列表转换器的Excel到Python列表

一个简单的工具，可以读取 Excel 文件和任何相应的工作表，并将其转换为列表数据结构的 Python 列表。

所需的库

1. xlrd $pip install xlrd

用法

已提供示例脚本 excel_to_list_usage.py 来展示 ExcelToList 的用法。它读取 Excel 及其工作表，并打印列表列表。

import xlrd
import sys

class ExcelToList():

    def __init__(self, file, sheet):
        self.file = file
        self.sheet = sheet

    def convert(self):
        converted_list = []
        inputexcel = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file)
        inputsheet = inputexcel.sheet_by_name(self.sheet)
        numberofrows = inputsheet.nrows
        numberofcols = inputsheet.ncols
        start_row,start_col = 0,0
        for current_row in range(start_row,numberofrows):
            currentlist = []
            for current_col in range(start_col,numberofcols):
                currentlist.append(inputsheet.cell(current_row,current_col).value)
            converted_list.append(currentlist)
        return converted_list

点击这里了解更多详情

49. Python 中的文件资源管理器对话框

打开文件资源管理器对话框 UI 以使用 Python 选择文件。

1.使用tkinter

使用 tkinter 的示例：

$ python select_file_tk.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog

root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()

file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
print(file_path)

2.使用PyQt

安装 PyQt5

使用 PyQt5 的示例：

$ python select_file_pyqt.py

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFileDialog, QApplication
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets


def select_files(directory_location=None):
    qtapp = QApplication([directory_location])
    qtwgt = QtWidgets.QWidget()
    filenames, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames(qtwgt)
    return filenames


def main():
    filenames = select_files()
    print("You selected:\n", "\n".join(filename for filename in filenames))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

50. 文件共享机器人

用Python开发的文件共享电报机器人它就像一个集中的文件存储库，授权用户可以在其中共享文件，并且文件对所有用户都可用。使用/help命令可以查看功能和命令。该机器人可以直接托管在 Heroku 上。

from telegram.ext import Updater, CommandHandler, MessageHandler, Filters
import logging
import os
import telegram
import shutil
# Enable logging
logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
                    level=logging.INFO)

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

#list of authorized users
#create a list of telegram usernames to authorise them, 0th username is admin.
username_list = []
# Define a few command handlers. These usually take the two arguments bot and
# update. Error handlers also receive the raised TelegramError object in error.
def start(bot, update):
    """Send a message when the command /start is issued."""
    reply = "Welcome to World of Automation. \nI am a bot developed by a Lazy Programmer.\nSend /help command to see what i can do."
    update.message.reply_text(reply)


def help(bot, update):
    """Send a message when the command /help is issued."""
    admin = update.message.from_user.username
    if admin == username_list[0]:
        reply = '''Send /get folder_name/file_name.extension to receive a file. 
                \nSend /ls folder_name to show list of files.
                \nSend /put folder_name/file_name.extension to upload last sent file.
                \nSend /mkdir folder_name to create a Folder.
                \nSend /remove folder_name/filename.extension to delete a file.
                \nSend /adduser username to give access.
                \nSend /removeuser username to revoke access.
                \nSend /showuser to show list of users
                '''    
    else:
        reply = '''Send /get folder_name/file_name.extension to receive a file. 
                \nSend /ls folder_name to show list of files.
                \nSend /put folder_name/file_name.extension to upload last sent file.
                \nSend /mkdir folder_name to create a Folder.
                '''
    update.message.reply_text(reply)


def get(bot, update):
    """Send requested file."""
    username = update.message.from_user.username
    if(username not in username_list):
        update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")
        return
    file = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
    if(file == "/send"):
        update.message.reply_text("Invalid File name.")
    else:
        reply = "Findind and Sending a requested file to you. Hold on..."
        update.message.reply_text(reply)
        path = os.getcwd()+'/'+file
        if (os.path.exists(path)):
            bot.send_document(chat_id=update.message.chat_id,document=open(path, 'rb'), timeout = 100)
        else:
            update.message.reply_text("File not Found.")

def ls(bot, update):
    """Show files in requested directory."""
    username = update.message.from_user.username
    if(username not in username_list):
        update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")
        return
    file = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
    if(file == "/show"):
        update.message.reply_text("Invalid Directory name.")
    else:
        reply = "Findind and Sending a list of files to you. Hold on..."
        update.message.reply_text(reply)
        path = os.getcwd()+'/'+file
        if (os.path.exists(path)):
            update.message.reply_text(os.listdir(path))
        else:
            update.message.reply_text("Directory not Found.")

def put(bot, update):
    f = open(str(os.getcwd())+"/file", "r")
    file_id = f.read()
    f.close
    if file_id == "":
        update.message.reply_text("You didn't upload file.")
    else:
        new_file = bot.get_file(file_id)
        message = update.message.text.split(" ")
        path = message[-1]
        if len(path) < 1:
            update.message.reply_text("Enter Path correctly.")
        else:
            new_file.download(os.getcwd()+'/'+path)
            update.message.reply_text("File Stored.")


def mkdir(bot, update):
    message = update.message.text.split(" ")
    if len(message) < 1 or message[-1] == "/mkdir":
        update.message.reply_text("Invalid Syntax. Refer syntax in help section.")
        return
    path = os.getcwd() + "/" + message[-1]
    os.mkdir(path)
    update.message.reply_text("Folder Created.")


def echo(bot, update):
    """Echo the user message."""
    if update.message.document:
        file_id = update.message.document.file_id
        f = open(str(os.getcwd())+"/file", "w")
        f.write(file_id)
        f.close
        update.message.reply_text("Received.Now send file name and location to store. using /put command")
    else:
        reply = "Invalid Input."
        update.message.reply_text(reply)

def error(bot, update, error):
    """Log Errors caused by Updates."""
    logger.warning('Update "%s" caused error "%s"', update, error)

def add_user(bot, update):
    admin = update.message.from_user.username
    if admin == username_list[0]:
        username = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
        username_list.append(username)
        update.message.reply_text("User added.")
    else:
        update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")

def show_user(bot, update):
    admin = update.message.from_user.username
    if admin == username_list[0]:
        update.message.reply_text(username_list)
    else:
        update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")

def remove_user(bot, update):
    admin = update.message.from_user.username
    if admin == username_list[0]:
        username = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
        username_list.remove(username)
        update.message.reply_text("User Removed.")
    else:
        update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")

def remove(bot, update):
    admin = update.message.from_user.username
    if admin == username_list[0]:
        filename = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
        os.remove(os.getcwd()+ "/" + filename)
        update.message.reply_text("File Removed.")
    else:
        update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")

def rmdir(bot, update):
    admin = update.message.from_user.username
    if admin == username_list[0]:
        filename = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
        shutil.rmtree(os.getcwd()+ "/" + filename)
        update.message.reply_text("Folder Removed.")
    else:
        update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")

def main():
    """Start the bot."""
    # Create the EventHandler and pass it your bot's token.
    TOKEN = os.environ['TOKEN']
    updater = Updater(TOKEN)

    # Get the dispatcher to register handlers
    dp = updater.dispatcher

    # on different commands - answer in Telegram
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", start))
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("help", help))
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("get", get))
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("ls", ls))
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("put", put))
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("mkdir", mkdir))

    #admin functionalities
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("adduser", add_user))
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("showuser", show_user))
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("removeUser", remove_user))
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("remove", remove))
    dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("rmdir", rmdir))

    # on noncommand i.e message - echo the message on Telegram
    dp.add_handler(MessageHandler(Filters.document, echo))

    # log all errors
    dp.add_error_handler(error)

    # Start the Bot
    updater.start_polling()

    # Run the bot until you press Ctrl-C or the process receives SIGINT,
    # SIGTERM or SIGABRT. This should be used most of the time, since
    # start_polling() is non-blocking and will stop the bot gracefully.
    updater.idle()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()