工厂方法模式

简单⼯⼚模式

        简单⼯⼚模式指由⼀个⼯⼚对象来创建实例，客户端不需要关注创建逻辑，只需提供传⼊⼯⼚的参数。

        UML 类图如下：

        适⽤于⼯⼚类负责创建对象较少的情况，缺点是如果要增加新产品，就需要修改⼯⼚类的判断逻辑，违背开闭原则，且产品多的话会使⼯⼚类⽐较复杂。
        Calendar 抽象类的 getInstance ⽅法，调⽤ createCalendar ⽅法根据不同的地区参数创建不同的⽇历对象。

    /**
     * Gets a calendar using the default time zone and locale. The
     * Calendar returned is based on the current time
     * in the default time zone with the default
     * {@link Locale.Category#FORMAT FORMAT} locale.
     *
     * @return a Calendar.
     */
    public static Calendar getInstance()
    {
        return createCalendar(TimeZone.getDefault(), Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
    }

    /**
     * Gets a calendar using the specified time zone and default locale.
     * The Calendar returned is based on the current time
     * in the given time zone with the default
     * {@link Locale.Category#FORMAT FORMAT} locale.
     *
     * @param zone the time zone to use
     * @return a Calendar.
     */
    public static Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone)
    {
        return createCalendar(zone, Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
    }

    /**
     * Gets a calendar using the default time zone and specified locale.
     * The Calendar returned is based on the current time
     * in the default time zone with the given locale.
     *
     * @param aLocale the locale for the week data
     * @return a Calendar.
     */
    public static Calendar getInstance(Locale aLocale)
    {
        return createCalendar(TimeZone.getDefault(), aLocale);
    }

    /**
     * Gets a calendar with the specified time zone and locale.
     * The Calendar returned is based on the current time
     * in the given time zone with the given locale.
     *
     * @param zone the time zone to use
     * @param aLocale the locale for the week data
     * @return a Calendar.
     */
    public static Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone, Locale aLocale)
    {
        return createCalendar(zone, aLocale);
    }

    private static Calendar createCalendar(TimeZone zone, Locale aLocale)
    {
        CalendarProvider provider =
            LocaleProviderAdapter.getAdapter(CalendarProvider.class, aLocale)
                                 .getCalendarProvider();
        if (provider != null) {
            try {
                return provider.getInstance(zone, aLocale);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                // fall back to the default instantiation
            }
        }

        Calendar cal = null;

        if (aLocale.hasExtensions()) {
            String caltype = aLocale.getUnicodeLocaleType("ca");
            if (caltype != null) {
                switch (caltype) {
                case "buddhist":
                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                case "japanese":
                    cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                case "gregory":
                    cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (cal == null) {
            // If no known calendar type is explicitly specified,
            // perform the traditional way to create a Calendar:
            // create a BuddhistCalendar for th_TH locale,
            // a JapaneseImperialCalendar for ja_JP_JP locale, or
            // a GregorianCalendar for any other locales.
            // NOTE: The language, country and variant strings are interned.
            if (aLocale.getLanguage() == "th" && aLocale.getCountry() == "TH") {
                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            } else if (aLocale.getVariant() == "JP" && aLocale.getLanguage() == "ja"
                       && aLocale.getCountry() == "JP") {
                cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            } else {
                cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            }
        }
        return cal;
    }

        和简单⼯⼚模式中⼯⼚负责⽣产所有产品相⽐，⼯⼚⽅法模式将⽣成具体产品的任务分发给具体的产品⼯⼚。
        UML 类图如下： 

        也就是定义⼀个抽象⼯⼚，其定义了产品的⽣产接⼝，但不负责具体的产品，将⽣产任务交给不同的派⽣类⼯⼚。这样不⽤通过指定类型来创建对象了。