Assignment 2: Vector Design ToolCAB302 Semester 1, 2019Date due: 31/05/19 (Friday, Week 13)Weighting: 35%Group size: 1-4Specification version: 1.0OverviewOur company makes use of several pieces of hardware called plotters. These are devices for drawingvector-based graphics on various pieces of physical material from an input file, like a simplifiedversion of PostScript. The challenge here is that our plotters make use of a proprietary designlanguage called VEC which is not used by any other hardware or software on the market. This makesit difficult for our designers to create designs to be drawn on the plotters for two reasons:1. Our designers have to create new VEC files for the plotters by editing text files and enteringin coordinates. This makes design a slow, laborious process, involving first sketching out thedesign on graph paper, then writing out the coordinates of each vertex, then typing out thefile.2. Because no software supports this proprietary format, our designers can only properly testtheir designs by using the plotting hardware. This is time-consuming as there are moredesigners than plotters and we need to be making better use of our resources.The task we have for your team is to create a piece of Java software (from scratch) allowing for thepreview of and editing of VEC files for the plotters. The idea is that this will allow designers to createtheir designs using a mouse in a WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) environment instead ofmessing around with graph paper and editing text files. Furthermore, the software must also be ableto load our existing VEC files, view them and edit their contents (e.g. to touch up or add to anexisting design.)The design for this program is left in your hands. You can look at programs intended for similar tasksto get an idea of how the UI should be structured, button placement etc. Please note that we care agreat deal about the usability of this software as the software will be used by designers who are notnecessarily computer experts. We want you to create for them a piece of software that is userfriendly and intuitive, similar to tools like MS Paint.CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool2The VEC file formatAs explained before, the design files we send to the plotters are in a file format called VEC. This is afairly simple file format. VEC files are just ASCII-format text files with UNIX-style line endings (that is,LF line endings). We do not mind if your application supports Windows-style (CR/LF) line endings orany other formats for its input files, but the files your application produces must be LF-formatotherwise the plotters will not be able to read them properly.Each line of a VEC file describes a drawing operation. Here is a very basic VEC file, consisting of asingle drawing command:LINE 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0This is a drawing command called LINE. The syntax for LINE is LINE [x1] [y1] [x2] [y2]. The parametersin square brackets are the arguments for LINE. LINE draws a line from x1, y1 to x2, y2. In this case,x1=0.0, y1=0.0, x2=1.0 and y2=1.0, therefore LINE 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 draws a line from 0.0,0.0 to 1.0,1.0.The coordinates of 0.0,0.0 correspond to the top left of the image, while the coordinates of 1.0,1.0correspond to the bottom right. Images are square and should be displayed with a 1:1 aspect ratio.Naturally, more elaborate shapes can be achieved by sequencing multiple drawing commands, oneper line. Here is an example of a six pointed star shape created with 12 LINE commands:LINE 0.51 0.08 0.65 0.31LINE 0.65 0.31 0.95 0.29LINE 0.95 0.29 0.78 0.52LINE 0.78 0.52 0.95 0.74LINE 0.95 0.74 0.65 0.72LINE 0.65 0.72 0.51 0.95LINE 0.51 0.95 0.37 0.72LINE 0.37 0.72 0.07 0.73LINE 0.07 0.73 0.25 0.52LINE 0.25 0.52 0.07 0.29LINE 0.07 0.29 0.38 0.31LINE 0.38 0.31 0.51 0.08CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool3Each command is executed in the order in which it appears, which means that later commands candraw over earlier commands. The reason the coordinate system uses decimal values is related thisthis graphic format being a vector format – that is, rather than images being composed of discretepixels, they are instead composed of simple drawing instructions like the LINE drawing instruction.This allows the images to appear crisp at any resolution. For example, the above star image mightlook like this at a resolution of 30x30:And this at a resolution of 929x929:This property is important as it means our designs can be scaled to a variety of sizes withoutchanging the VEC file representing that image.Two other drawing commands that are important are PLOT and RECTANGLE. PLOT [x] [y] simplydraws a single dot at x,y, while RECTANGLE [x1] [y1] [x2] [y2] draws a rectangle with the top-leftcorner at x1,y1 and the bottom-right corner at x2,y2.CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool4Example of PLOT:PLOT 0.5 0.5PLOT 0.49 0.49PLOT 0.48 0.48PLOT 0.51 0.49PLOT 0.52 0.48PLOT 0.51 0.51PLOT 0.52 0.52PLOT 0.49 0.51PLOT 0.48 0.52Example of RECTANGLE.RECTANGLE 0.25 0.25 0.75 0.5While it appears RECTANGLE simply substitutes for 4 LINE commands, the truth is that RECTANGLEhas additional functionality beyond what LINE is capable of, as will be explained in the next section.Colour drawingDesigns would get very boring without colour, and so the VEC language has commands that alter thecolours used by subsequent drawing commands. The first is PEN [colour[, which accepts a HTMLformat6-digit hexadecimal colour code and simply changes the primary colour used by the variousdrawing commands. For example:CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool5PEN #FF0000RECTANGLE 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.3PEN #00FF00RECTANGLE 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.6PEN #0000FFRECTANGLE 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.9PEN takes a colour in the form of #rrggbb, where each of rr, gg and bb is a 2 digit hexadecimalnumber describing a value from 0 to 255, which are used for the red, green and blue channelsrespectively. Example colours can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_colors. Note thatcase does not matter- PEN #fedcba describes the same colour as PEN #FEDCBA.After a PEN command appears in the input file, henceforth all lines and dots drawn with variouscommands will be drawn with that colour (until that colour is changed by a subsequent PENcommand). The default PEN colour is black, which means that all drawing instructions before thefirst PEN command will be drawn in that colour:RECTANGLE 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5RECTANGLE 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6PEN #0000FFRECTANGLE 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7RECTANGLE 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8RECTANGLE 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9In this example, the first two squares drawn are drawn with the default pen colour (black), while thethree that are drawn after the PEN command are drawn in #0000FF (blue).The second colour command is called FILL. This assigns a colour to be used to fill rectangles andother shapes. This works in a similar way to PEN:CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool6PEN #FF0000FILL #FFFF00RECTANGLE 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8In this example PEN and FILL are used to set the outline and fill colour, which is used by thesubsequent RECTANGLE. If more RECTANGLE commands were issued after that one, they would alsouse the same pen colour and fill colour.Note that there is no default FILL colour; the default setting is to not fill in shapes at all. As anexample of how this works in practice:RECTANGLE 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4RECTANGLE 0.15 0.15 0.45 0.45FILL #FFFFFFRECTANGLE 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.4RECTANGLE 0.65 0.15 0.95 0.45The two squares on the right have no fill colour, and therefore are drawn on top of each otherwithout one erasing the other. The two squares on the right are drawn with a fill colour of white,and therefore the second one overlaps the first. In order to remove the fill colour entirely, the FILLOFF command can be used:CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool7FILL #FFFFFFRECTANGLE 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4RECTANGLE 0.15 0.15 0.45 0.45FILL OFFRECTANGLE 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.4RECTANGLE 0.65 0.15 0.95 0.45Note that there is no PEN OFF command; the lines are always drawn. Furthermore note that the FILLcolour only applies to commands that draw shapes- PLOT and LINE do not use it, only PEN.Other shapesWe have used RECTANGLE to demonstrate how colours apply to shapes, but the VEC languagesupports other shapes too, which are affected by PEN and FILL in the same way. Here are some ofthem:ELLIPSE [x1] [y1] [x2] [y2]ELLIPSE 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0ELLIPSE draws an axis-aligned ellipse with extents that touch the bounds specified by thecoordinates. These bounds also determine the shape of the ellipse – a circle if the bounds describe asquare region, and an oval otherwise. Essentially, ELLIPSE will create the largest perfectly roundcircle/oval that can fit within the rectangle described by the x1,y1 and x2,y2 coordinates.CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool8ELLIPSE 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.5ELLIPSE 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.0There is one last shape available in the VEC language- POLYGON. POLYGON is special because it canaccept a variable number of arguments, and these arguments describe a polygon that is drawn byconnecting the points with lines in the order in which they appear.POLYGON 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.5The syntax for the command is POLYGON [x1] [y1] [x2] [y2] [x3…] [y3…] and so on for any number ofpoints. Lines are drawn between each two consecutive pairs of points- that is, x1,y1 to x2,y2, x2,y2to x3,y3 and so forth, up to the very last point (xN,yN) which is in turn connected to x1,y1. Theselines can overlap. As POLYGON describes a shape, it also works in conjunction with the FILLcommand.CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool9FILL #00FF00POLYGON 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0The POLYGON command allows elaborate shapes, like the star from earlier, to be drawn with a fillcolour, as this is not achievable when images are composed of multiple LINE commands.FILL #FFFF00POLYGON 0.51 0.08 0.65 0.310.95 0.29 0.78 0.52 0.95 0.740.65 0.72 0.51 0.95 0.37 0.720.07 0.73 0.25 0.52 0.07 0.290.38 0.31(Note that each command in the VEC language appears on a line by itself. This POLYGON commandonly appears to be multiple lines due to word wrapping.)With this the basic VEC language commands have been described. While these commands onlyproduce simple graphics individually, they can be combined together to produce elaborate designs.CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool10Vector design toolThe task for this assignment is to create a Java program that can load and save VEC format images.The user interface design of the program is up to you, but use other graphics editing software asinspiration. Typically graphics editing software will have, at the very minimum, a menu bar with thetypical ‘File’ menu containing items for opening and saving images, as well as a separate tool palettethat is visible at all times, containing drawing tools, as well as a colour palette used to set colours tobe used by those drawing tools.MS Paint from Windows XP, ? Microsoft CorporationFor this assignment you will need to create a GUI application with similar controls. At the very leastthis will mean having a display canvas where your current design appears, buttons for loading andsaving VEC files, drawing tools associated with each VEC drawing command (PLOT, LINE, RECTANGLE,ELLIPSE and POLYGON) and a colour palette allowing the user to set the colours used, which willgenerate appropriate PEN and FILL commands in the output file.The load and save options must bring up file dialogs allowing the user to navigate the file system andfind a location to load / save files. VEC format files will have the .VEC extension and the file selectorshould filter for that extension when opening files as well as use it by default when saving files.The display canvas should be scaled based on the window size, such that the entire image can beseen and manipulated. I should be able to make this large so that I can work on fine details, andmake it smaller so I can look at other stuff on the same screen at the same time. Unlike other paintprograms, there is no concept of image size here- we work with vectors, so the top left of the canvaswill correspond to 0.0,0.0 and the bottom right will correspond to 1.0,1.0 no matter what the size ofthe window is. As all VEC images are inherently square, the scaling should respect this and not showthe images at incorrect aspect ratios.The drawing tools should work as expected- you select a drawing tool, then you use the mouse onthe image canvas to put the tool into practice. Again, pull up MS Paint or a similar drawing tool and CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool11try drawing some things, paying particular attention to exactly what happens when you select e.g.the line tool and try to draw a line with it- what happens when you press down the mouse button onthe canvas, what happens when you release it and what is displayed to the user in the intermediatetime. There are certain established user interface rules used by image editing tools and modellingthese can be very helpful for creating predictable, intuitive user interfaces: PLOT is simple enough – when the mouse is clicked, it should create a dot at that location. LINE, RECTANGLE and ELLIPSE should be implemented with the ‘press down mouse button’ ‘drag mouse’ ‘release mouse button’ model. That is, when you press the mousebutton, it should start drawing the line, rectangle or ellipse at that position. When themouse is moved to a new location and then the button is released, the new location shouldbe used as the second pair of coordinates for that drawing operation. For example, if I selectthe rectangle tool and move the mouse to 0.2,0.2, press down on the mouse button, thendrag the mouse to 0.8,0.8, it should draw a rectangle between tho代做CAB302留学生作业、代写Vector Design Tool作业、Java程序语言作业代写、Java实验作业代做se two pairs ofcoordinates. When I save the file it will contain something approximately like ‘RECTANGLE0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8’. While I am dragging the mouse, the display should continually update,showing the shape that will be added to the image if I released the mouse at this location,similarly to how MS Paint and other similar programs work. POLYGON is more complicated, and you may play around with different input models forthis tool, as it needs to be able to place an arbitrary number of points. One solution is tohave it place a point of the polygon with each mouse click, and having some other input endthe sequence and close off the polygon (e.g. right click, spacebar, escape key.) Your userinterface should provide enough information so that the user does not need to read helpfiles to work out how to use your polygon drawing tool.Your colour palette should have a set of colours available for quick selection, as well as the ability tobring up a colour picker that allows the user to select any possible colour. It must be possible toselect the PEN and FILL colours separately.Finally, there does need to be an Undo option (presented as a button or as a menu command, andadditionally bound to the Ctrl+Z combination) that will erase the latest drawing operationperformed. This should even work on images that have been freshly loaded from VEC files, erasingthe last command in the file each time Undo is performed.Additional functionalityThe functionality described in the previous section is sufficient for a basic implementation. There arealso several pieces of additional functionality we would like as well.If you are working by yourself, you don’t need to implement any of these. If your group consists of2 people, implement at least one piece of additional functionality. If your group is of 3, implement atleast two. If your group is of 4, implement at least three.Here are some suggested items of additional functionality:Zoom. Let the user zoom in on the image and scroll around using a JScrollPane or similarcomponent, in order for very fine details to be worked on. This can be handled with amagnifying glass control similar to Paint, or with a zoom % selection like in Word, orwhatever else works. Grid. By default the software should just let you place pixels and draw lines anywhere, butinclude a button that creates a grid that drawing operations will snap to. Make the grid size CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool12configurable (e.g. you might set a grid of 0.1,0.1, which would cause your drawing options tosnap to the nearest multiple of 0.1). This will make the software more suited for drawingstraight lines, laying out floorplans and the line). The grid should be displayed on the canvaswhile it is in operation, but should not be part of the saved image file. Multi-image support. When I open an image file / create a new image, rather than replacingmy current image, it should load the new image in another separate window and allow meto work on them separately. This means your menu should have the option of closingindividual images too.Undo history support. Rather than purely having the Undo command for erasing drawingoperations, there should be an additional button that brings up a list containing the historyof drawing commands for that image, allowing me to step back and forth through thecreation of that image (that is, I select a particular drawing command and I see what theimage looks like with just the drawing commands leading up to that command.) This is afairly advanced piece of functionality not available in editors like MS Paint, but you cangoogle Photoshop’s ‘undo history’ and look at screenshots of it to get an idea of what wewant from this feature. BMP export. Most pieces of software that handle images can handle the BMP format, sobeing able to save images in this format is useful. However, the VEC format has no imagedimension information and BMP images are a raster format, so the user should be asked onsaving a BMP what its dimensions are. This should allow us to do things like save VEC imagesas very large (e.g. 4096x4096) BMP images to preserve as much detail as possible, makingthe software more generally useful.These are the main ones. You can come up with your own pieces of additional functionality toinclude in place of these, but that functionality will be compared against these suggested items todetermine if what you have implemented is of similar complexity and usefulness. Multiple smallerpieces of functionality can substitute for one large piece of additional functionality, if you so prefer.Software architectureSimilarly to the user interface, the architecture of your project (what your classes are and how theyinteract with other classes) is left up to your team- however, as this is an advanced object-orientedprogramming unit you will be graded on the architecture you come up with to support this project.You will need to document your class hierarchy and the interactions between classes in the reportyou submit alongside the project, and as this is an advanced OOP unit you are also expected to makeuse of advanced object oriented programming principles – namely, abstraction, encapsulation,inheritance and polymorphism. Some of these will come more naturally than others, but you areexpected to feature some examples of each and describe these in your report.The architecture you create should be developed with an eye for extensibility; you will be graded onhow easily your software can be improved with new features. Obvious areas where extensibilityshould be a focus include: The commands available in the VEC language – adding new ones to support features addedto newer plotting machines should be straightforward and not rely on changing the code intoo many places. The graphical tools available – if the client later decides they want a spray-can tool or floodfill tool, the difficulty required to add these should not be much more than justimplementing their code.CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool13Source control and teamworkWhether you are attempting this assignment as an individual or as a team, you are required to useGit to track development of your assignment. This also doesn’t mean making occasional commitswith large amounts of code added each time – you should make commits early and frequently. If indoubt, it’s best to be on the side of having too many commits rather than too few. Note that you donot need a detailed commit message with every single commit.If you are working in a team, you should set up a private Git repository on a site like Bitbucket anduse it as the central repository. There are two main ways you can handle having your team memberscontribute to the project: Give each person in your team access to the repository. Bitbucket can be configured to dothis from ‘User and group access’. This way anyone can commit changes to the repository. Everyone clones the repository into their own Bitbucket accounts and contributes codethrough branch management and pull requests. Seehttps://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/making-a-pull-request for more detail. If thisconfuses you, just giving the team commit access to the repository may be easier.Either of these approaches is acceptable. What is important is that every team member sets up theirGit username and email address correctly so that it is clear exactly what every member contributed.Do not commit code under someone else’s name. If there are problems with getting the sharedrepository working, in the very worst case you can make commits under your own name locally andsend the entire directory around / share it via Dropbox / anything else. We will assume thatsomeone’s contributions are everything that person committed.When you submit the assignment via Blackboard, make sure you submit the entire project directoryincluding the hidden .git directory. Note that IntelliJ’s ‘Export to Zip File’ option will not include thisdirectory. On Windows, the ‘Send to ? Compressed (zipped) folder’ functionality in Explorer willwork nicely. Just make sure you choose the directory that contains your project, not just all the filesin the directory, because if you don’t have ‘Show hidden items’ on it will not select those.Agile software developmentYou are expected to make use of Agile software development principles in the development of thisproject from the beginning. This can mean test-driven development, but does not necessarily needto be. Ultimately one of the most important parts of Agile is in ensuring that you always have aworking copy of the latest version of the software- things don’t just come together at the lastminute; instead, the software evolves towards having greater capability, stability and quality. In yourreport you will be required to document how you have made use of Agile principles, and your effortsin this area will be graded based on how the commit history of your Git repository supports this.In addition, this is not an easy software development task. You are working from scratch, on a majorproject, with a tight time limit and a team that you may not have worked with before. These are allindividually factors with a high level of risk and the combination of them increases the amount ofrisk geometrically. As a result, you should be attempting to ameliorate risk wherever you can, andthe best way of doing this is to make sure you always have a working version of your software. Youwill be marked only on the features you implement that are actually working in the software yousubmit, so if you submit a broken version of your software, your marks will likely be considerablyworse than if you submit an earlier version of the software that had less functionality but at least ranproperly. Begin your commitment to always having a working version of the software from the CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool14beginning, even if all you have at the start is a basic form that doesn’t do anything. Commit this intothe repository and then continue working from there.Agile development is not just required as part of the assignment specification; it’s also a good idea.Unit testingWhether you make use of test-driven development or not, you are expected to maintain a suite ofunit tests that thoroughly test all parts of your project that can be reasonably unit tested (that is,anything that is not GUI code, file access code etc.) These unit tests will be evaluated for theirusefulness and test coverage.Source code documentationYou are required to document your source code with both regular comments (// and /* */comments in the bodies of your methods describing the intention of the code they precede) andJavaDoc-style comments (/**-style block comments preceding classes and methods, thoroughlydocumenting the semantics of the class/method, the arguments they take, any return values andany exceptions thrown). Furthermore, you are required to generate JavaDoc HTML documentationfrom these comments and submit it with your assignment.Development environment and external librariesYour software must be created with the Java JDK 11. The choice of IDE is up to you, but as yourproject will be marked with IntelliJ it is recommended that you at least port your project into IntelliJbefore submitting it.You can use AWT, Swing or JavaFX to create the GUI used in this assignment. Swing isrecommended. The only libraries you can use that are external to the JDK 11 are JavaFX and JUnit 5.You are allowed to make use of tools like IntelliJ’s GUI Designer to create your GUI, as long asexternal libraries are not used.CAB302 Assignment 2 Vector Design Tool15What you are required to submit Your software project, in .zip form, containing:o Your project source code.o The hidden .git directory that holds the entire commit history of your project, whichwe will be using to verify appropriate software development lifecycle processeswere followed. As noted before, the IntelliJ ‘Export to Zip File’ menu option does notinclude the .git directory, so use another tool (like Send To ? Compressed (zipped)folder) and make sure the created .zip file contains that directory. Turn on ‘showhidden files’ if necessary.o The JavaDoc-generated documentation for your project.o The unit tests for your project.Your marker will take your .zip file, extract it into a directory, then open it in IntelliJ andexpect it to basically run as-is. The marker will go to limited effort to get your softwareworking if it does not run out of the box, so it is in your best interests to make sure thatthings work as-is.A report (in .docx or .pdf format), containing at minimum the following:o A statement of completeness, describing what functionality your team managed toimplement – both the basic functionality and any applicable additional functionality(note that you must implement 1 item of additional functionality for each person inyour team beyond the first.)o A statement of contribution, describing who is in your team and what each teammember contributed to the project – report writing, code, creation of unit tests etc.o A statement describing how your team made use of Agile software developmentprocesses. If you used test-driven development, describe this here. Otherwise,describe other relevant processes (e.g. iterative design-code-test stages).o Documentation of your software architecture, describing all the classes that makeup your project and how they interact with the other classes to bring your projecttogether.o Documentation of how you made use of advanced object oriented programmingprinciples in the creation of this software. Have a section for each of: Abstraction Encapsulation Inheritance Polymorphismo Documentation of how to use your software, with associated screenshotsshowcasing all the items of functionality.转自：http://www.7daixie.com/2019052248576184.html
