To be,or not to be

有心理学家提出过“主观幸福感”的概念,它跟人的财富、地位无关,却跟个人感受力紧密相关。有一些学习,就是为了提升人的感受力的。读唐诗宋词如此,读《红楼梦》如此,读莎士比亚也如此。也许它们很难帮你升级打怪、升官发财,但我可以肯定,它们一定能提高人的主观幸福感。

这样的学习,是一棵树摇动另一棵树,一朵云推动另一朵云,一个灵魂唤醒另一个灵魂。


莎剧的台词,通常是以素体诗(blank verse)的格式写成的,虽然有诗歌的节奏,但并不押韵;虽然写在纸面上会像诗歌一样分行断句,但演员在舞台上背诵这些台词的时候,可以按照语意而不是诗行来做断句。

所以这样的台词,既有诗歌的韵律感,又有口语的自由度。那些华丽的句子总能荡气回肠,在剧情的烘托下,比纯粹的诗歌更容易打动人心。正是这样的台词,而不是剧情和角色,为莎剧赢得了永恒的生命力。

“生存还是毁灭,这是一个问题”,哈姆雷特这句台词,不知道被多少人引用过。但莎翁被人引用的台词,又岂止这一句?


To be, or not to be: that is the question:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,

And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;

No more; and by a sleep to say we end

The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;

To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause: there's the respect

That makes calamity of so long life;

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,

The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,

The pangs of despised love, the law's delay,

The insolence of office and the spurns

That patient merit of the unworthy takes,

When he himself might his quietus make

With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear,

To grunt and sweat under a weary life,

But that the dread of something after death,

The undiscover'd country from whose bourn

No traveller returns, puzzles the will

And makes us rather bear those ills we have

Than fly to others that we know not of?

Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;

And thus the native hue of resolution

Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,

And enterprises of great pith and moment

With this regard their currents turn awry,

And lose the name of action.


生存还是毁灭,

这是一个值得考虑的问题;

默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭,

或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难,

在奋斗中扫清那一切,

这两种行为,哪一种更高贵?

死了,睡去了,什么都完了;

要是在这一种睡眠之中,

我们心头的创痛,

以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击,

都可以从此消失,

那正是我们求之不得的结局。

死了,睡去了,

睡去了也许还会做梦。

嗯,阻碍就在这儿:

因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后,

在那死的睡眠里,

究竟将要做些什么梦,

那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。

人们甘心久困于患难之中,

也就是为了这一个缘故。

谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、

压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、

被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴

和杰俊大才费尽辛勤所换来的得势小人的鄙视,

要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子,

就可以清算他自己的一生?

谁愿意负着这样的重担,

在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗,

倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后,

惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国,

是它迷惑了我们的意志,

使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折,

不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去?

这样,

重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫,

决心的赤热的光彩,

被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色,

伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下,

也会逆流而退,失去了行动的意义。

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