先安装 SQLAlchemy:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo pip3 install sqlalchemy
安装一个 Python 与 MySQL 之间的驱动程序：
$ sudo pip3 install pymysql
测试连接：
# coding: utf-8
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root@localhost:3306/blog')
print(engine)
将 MySQL 默认的 latin1 编码改成 utf8 。
$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
添加下面几个配置编码改成 utf8：
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
启动 MySQL 服务：
$ sudo service mysql start
启动 MySQL：
$ mysql -uroot -p
Faker 就是用来生成虚假数据的库。 安装它：
$ sudo pip3 install faker
一对多：
from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
username = Column(String(64), nullable=False, index=True)
password = Column(String(64), nullable=False)
email = Column(String(64), nullable=False, index=True)
articles = relationship('Article')
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.username)
class Article(Base):
__tablename__ = 'articles'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
title = Column(String(255), nullable=False, index=True)
content = Column(Text)
user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'))
author = relationship('User')
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.title)
结果：
（1）
mysql> show create table articles\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: articles
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `articles` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`title` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`content` text,
`user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `user_id` (`user_id`),
KEY `ix_articles_title` (`title`),
CONSTRAINT `articles_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
（2）
mysql> show create table users\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: users
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `users` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`email` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `ix_users_username` (`username`),
KEY `ix_users_email` (`email`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
一对一：
# coding: utf-8
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Integer, Text
from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root@localhost:3306/blog?charset=utf8')
Base = declarative_base()
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
username = Column(String(64), nullable=False, index=True)
password = Column(String(64), nullable=False)
email = Column(String(64), nullable=False, index=True)
articles = relationship('Article', backref='author')
userinfo = relationship('UserInfo', backref='user', uselist=False)
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.username)
class Article(Base):
__tablename__ = 'articles'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
title = Column(String(255), nullable=False, index=True)
content = Column(Text)
user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'))
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.title)
class UserInfo(Base):
__tablename__ = 'userinfos'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(64))
qq = Column(String(11))
phone = Column(String(11))
link = Column(String(64))
user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'))
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
结果：
（1）
mysql> show create table articles\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: articles
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `articles` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`title` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`content` text,
`user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `user_id` (`user_id`),
KEY `ix_articles_title` (`title`),
CONSTRAINT `articles_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
（2）
mysql> show create table userinfos\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: userinfos
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `userinfos` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
`qq` varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`phone` varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`link` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
`user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `user_id` (`user_id`),
CONSTRAINT `userinfos_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
（3）
ysql> show create table users\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: users
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `users` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`email` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `ix_users_username` (`username`),
KEY `ix_users_email` (`email`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
多对多：
# coding: utf-8
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Integer, Text
from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
from sqlalchemy import Table
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root@localhost:3306/blog?charset=utf8')
Base = declarative_base()
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
username = Column(String(64), nullable=False, index=True)
password = Column(String(64), nullable=False)
email = Column(String(64), nullable=False, index=True)
articles = relationship('Article', backref='author')
userinfo = relationship('UserInfo', backref='user', uselist=False)
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.username)
class Article(Base):
__tablename__ = 'articles'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
title = Column(String(255), nullable=False, index=True)
content = Column(Text)
user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'))
cate_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('categories.id'))
tags = relationship('Tag',secondary='article_tag',backref='articles')
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.title)
class UserInfo(Base):
__tablename__ = 'userinfos'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(64))
qq = Column(String(11))
phone = Column(String(11))
link = Column(String(64))
user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'))
class Category(Base):
__tablename__ = 'categories'
id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(64),nullable=False,index=True)
articles = relationship('Article',backref='category')
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%r)'%(self.__class__.__name__,self.name)
article_tag = Table(
'article_tag', Base.metadata,
Column('article_id', Integer, ForeignKey('articles.id')),
Column('tag_id', Integer, ForeignKey('tags.id'))
)
class Tag(Base):
__tablename__ = 'tags'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(64), nullable=False, index=True)
def __repr__(self):
return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name)
if __name__ == "__main__":
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
结果：
（1）
mysql> show create table users\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: users
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `users` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`email` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `ix_users_username` (`username`),
KEY `ix_users_email` (`email`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
结果（2）
mysql> show create table userinfos\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: userinfos
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `userinfos` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
`qq` varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`phone` varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`link` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
`user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `user_id` (`user_id`),
CONSTRAINT `userinfos_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
结果（3）
mysql> show create table articles\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: articles
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `articles` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`title` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`content` text,
`user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`cate_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `user_id` (`user_id`),
KEY `cate_id` (`cate_id`),
KEY `ix_articles_title` (`title`),
CONSTRAINT `articles_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`),
CONSTRAINT `articles_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`cate_id`) REFERENCES `categories` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
结果（4）
mysql> show create table categories\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: categories
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `categories` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `ix_categories_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
结果（5）
mysql> show create table tags\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: tags
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `tags` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `ix_tags_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
结果（6）
mysql> show create table tags\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: tags
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `tags` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `ix_tags_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
往数据库表格插入数据：
import random
# 导入 faker 工厂对象
from faker import Factory
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
# 创建一个 faker 工厂对象
faker = Factory.create()
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()
faker_users = [User(
# 使用 faker 生成一个人名
username=faker.name(),
# 使用 faker 生成一个单词
password=faker.word(),
# 使用 faker 生成一个邮箱
email=faker.email(),
) for i in range(10)]
# add_all 一次性添加多个对象
session.add_all(faker_users)
# 生成 5 个分类
faker_categories = [Category(name=faker.word()) for i in range(5)]
session.add_all(faker_categories)
# 生成 20 个标签
faker_tags= [Tag(name=faker.word()) for i in range(20)]
session.add_all(faker_tags)
# 生成 100 篇文章
for i in range(100):
article = Article(
# sentence() 生成一句话作为标题
title=faker.sentence(),
# 文章内容为随机生成的 10-20句话
content=' '.join(faker.sentences(nb=random.randint(10, 20))),
# 从生成的用户中随机取一个作为作者
author=random.choice(faker_users),
# 从生成的分类中随机取一个作为分类
category=random.choice(faker_categories)
)
# 从生成的标签中随机取 2-5 个作为分类，注意 sample() 函数的用法
for tag in random.sample(faker_tags, random.randint(2, 5)):
article.tags.append(tag)
session.add(article)
session.commit()
