Fred外刊笔记
全国大学生英语竞赛特等奖
CATTI笔译口译认证
复习
上一篇学的表达，你还能想起来吗？一起来测试吧～
在今年下半年
大量快速地制造出
强调......的重要性
新篇导读
从上一篇中
我们知道了华为事件给苹果可能带来的影响
苹果公司新的尝试
以及中国可能的“反制措施”
那么
中国会采取上文提到的“反制措施”吗？
苹果公司还能做些什么呢？
原 文 泛 读
AMERICANS LIKE to work hard whereas Europeans prefer a more leisurely life. That is the widely held perception of the continental divide in business culture. But it has not always been the case; 40 years ago, there was precious little difference between the two.
In his new book, “Spending Time: The Most Valuable Resource”, Daniel Hamermesh, an economist, examines how work and leisure patterns in America differ from those in the rest of the developed world. In the first half of the 20th century the American working week fell sharply from nearly 60 hours to around 40. By 1979 the average worker in America put in around 38.2 hours a week, similar to the number in Europe.
That is where the figures started to diverge. For a while, the American workweek got longer, reaching 39.4 hours in 2000, before falling back to 38.6 in 2016. The main difference, however, is holidays. In the 1980s Europeans began to take more annual leave but Americans did not. Over the year as a whole, Americans average 34 hours a week, six more than the French and eight more than the Germans.
精 读 笔 记
Paragraph 1
①AMERICANS LIKE to work hardwhereasEuropeans prefer a moreleisurelylife. ②That is the widely held perception ofthe continentaldivide inbusiness culture. ③But it has not alwaysbeen the case;40 years ago, there waspreciouslittle difference between the two.
美国人喜欢努力工作，而欧洲人喜欢更悠闲的生活。这是对欧美商业文化差异的普遍看法。但这种差异并非一直存在。40年前，两地在这方面几乎没有差别。
➷行文分析➹
①和②句一上来就交代了如今美国人和欧洲人工作方式上的差别，其中②句代词that就是指代①句的内容，这体现出了句与句之间的连贯性，③句以But开头，说以前美国人和欧洲人对待工作的态度相差得可没这么大，那以前是怎么样的呢？嘿嘿，继续往下读吧
➷词汇解析➹
✓whereas[weər'æz]conj.然而（前后句话之间是对比关系）
- You eat a huge plate of food for lunch, whereas I have just a sandwich. 你午饭吃了一大盘东西，可我只吃了个三明治。
✓leisurely['leʒəlɪ]adj.悠闲的
- We enjoyed a leisurely picnic lunch on the lawn. 中午我们在草地上悠闲地享用了一顿野餐。
☞[写作句型]“人们普遍认为......”怎么说？people all think...?
there is a widely held perception that...(+句子)
- 比如想表达“人们都觉得垃圾分类有利于环境”就可以表达成There is a widely held perception that waste sorting does good to the environment.
☞ “A和B在......方面的差异”怎么说？the difference between A and B in...?
可以换种表达啦：the divide between A and B in...
- There is a huge divide between generations in ideology. 一代人与一代人之间的意识形态差异很大。
✓(not) be the case（不）是那样，（不）是那么回事
- If that is the case, then I will be very disappointed. 如果是那样的话，我会非常失望。
✓文中的precious['preʃəs] 不是宝贵的(adj.)意思，而是非常(adv.)
- Lots of people will start, but precious few will finish. 许多人将开始去做，但极少数能完成。
➷小讲堂➹
③句出现了英语中分词的使用，在英语写作中，分词可以连接两个独立的句子，使得两句的重要性都得以体现（A semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought.When a semicolon is used to join two or more ideas (parts) in a sentence, those ideas are then given equal position or rank.）
- Some people write with a word processor; others write with a pen or pencil.
Paragraph 2
①In his new book, “Spending Time: The Most Valuable Resource”, Daniel Hamermesh, an economist,examineshowwork and leisure patternsin Americadiffer fromthose in the rest ofthe developed world. ②In the first half of the 20th century the Americanworking weekfell sharply from nearly 60 hours to around 40. ③By 1979 theaverageworker in Americaput in around 38.2 hoursa week, similar to the number in Europe.
经济学家丹尼尔•哈默梅什（Daniel Hamermesh）在他的新书《花费时间：最宝贵的资源》（Spending Time: The Most Valuable Resource）中，探讨了美国的工作和休闲模式与其他发达国家的差别。20世纪上半叶，美国人的每周工作时长从近60小时大跌到40小时左右。到1979年，美国普通工人每周工作时长约38.2小时，与欧洲相近。
➷行文分析➹
①句告诉读者对此问题的研究者——经济学家丹尼尔·哈默梅什，②和③句交代了该经济学家的发现：20世纪上半叶到1979年，美国和欧洲工作时长的变化过程
➷词汇解析➹
✓examine[ɪg'zæmɪn; eg-]vt.调查（to look at or consider a person or thing carefully and in detail in order to discover something about them）
- We need to examine how an accident like this can be avoided in the future. 我们需要研究将来如何能避免类似的事故再次发生。
☞ “工作和休闲模式”怎么说？
work and leisure patterns
✓differ from... 与......不一样
- His views differ considerably from those of his parents. 他的观点与其父母大相径庭。
注：补充几个与differ搭配的副词
1.differ significantly 相差极大
2.differ markedly 相差明显
3.differ radically 相差巨大
✓the developed world发达国家
- Right now, America's businesses are taxed at the single highest rate in the developed world. 现在，美国的企业负担者发达国家中最高的税率。[-from 特朗普每周电视讲话]
☞ “每周工作时长”怎么说？
working week（美式英语为workweek）
- Government employees will have five hours added to the working week and up to 12% cut of their salaries. 政府雇员每个工作周将增加5个小时的工作时间，薪水要削减12%。[-from BBC News]
✓average['æv(ə)rɪdʒ]adj.普通的；一半的
- The average person on the street is a lot better off than they were 40 years ago. 这条街上再普通再一般的人也要比40年前富多了。
☞ “某人每周工作......小时”怎么说？sb. work(s) ... hours a week?
换一种表达：sb. put(s) in ... hours a week
➷语法/长难句分析➹
①In his new book, “Spending Time: The Most Valuable Resource”, Daniel Hamermesh, an economist, examines how work and leisure patterns in America differ from those in the rest of the developed world.
该句主干：
主+谓+宾：Daniel Hamermesh examines how work and leisure patterns in America differ from those in the rest of the developed world. 其中，宾语是how引导的宾语从句
在宾语从句中，work and leisure patterns in America是主语，differ from是谓语，those in the rest of the developed world是宾语（those指代前面的work and leisure patterns，在写作中一句话中的后半句出现前半句的名词时，记得在后半句用代词哦，避免重复）
其他成分：
new book与"Spending time: The Most Valuable Resource"互为同位语；Daniel Hamermesh与an economist互为同位语
③By 1979 the average worker in America put in around 38.2 hours a week, similar to the number in Europe.
该句中的similar to the number in Europe是定语从句的省略，写全了是which was similar to the number in Europe
Paragraph 3
①That is where the figures started todiverge. ②Fora while, the Americanworkweekgot longer, reaching 39.4 hours in 2000, before falling back to 38.6 in 2016. ③The main difference, however, is holidays. ④In the 1980s Europeans began to take moreannual leavebut Americans did not. ⑤Over the year as a whole, Americansaverage34 hours a week, six more than the French and eight more than the Germans.
但自那时起，欧美工作时长开始朝着不同的方向发展。有一段时间，美国人的每周工作时间拉长，在2000年达到39.4小时，但在2016年又回落到38.6小时。然而，主要的差异是假期的长短。上世纪80年代欧洲人开始休更多年假，美国人却没有。一整年算下来，美国人每周平均工作34小时，比法国人多6个小时，比德国人多8个小时。
➷行文分析➹
①句交代了本段的内容：欧美工作时长朝着不同的方向发展，此外，本句话中的代词that就是指上一段的最后一句话，这里用代词开始新的一段，加强了段间的连贯性，②句交代美国人每周工作时长的变化，③④⑤句用数据表明假期长短的不同导致了美国人每周工作的时间更长
➷词汇解析➹
✓diverge[daɪ'vɜːdʒ; dɪ-]vi.出现差异
- Although the two organizations have worked together for many years, their objectives have diverged recently. 虽然这两个组织在一起合作了很多年，但它们的目标近来出现了分歧。
✓a while一段时间
- I haven't seen him for a while (= for a long time). 我已经好久没见到他了。
✓workweek就是上一段中working week的同意替换喽
☞ “年假”怎么说？
annual leave
☞ “休年假”怎么说？
take the annual leave
✓本句中的average不同于上一段中的average，本句中该词的意思是平均数是，平均为(vt.)
- Many doctors average (= work an average of) 70 hours a week. 许多医生每周平均工作70小时。
☞ “每周平均工作......小时”怎么说？
sb. average(s) ... hours a week
➷语法/长难句分析➹
②For a while, the American workweek got longer, reaching 39.4 hours in 2000, before falling back to 38.6 in 2016.
本句中的reaching 39.4 hours ... in 2016是补语（对前面的the American workweek got longer起到补充说明的作用），相当于which reached 39.4 hours in 2000, before fell back to 38.6 in 2016
⑤Over the year as a whole, Americans average 34 hours a week, six more than the French and eight more than the Germans.
本句中的six more than the French and eight more than the Germans同样是补语，相当于which is six more than ... Germans
趁 热 打 铁
❶ 回译
（将以下句子翻译成英文再与原文对照，以提升自己书面英语的地道性&简洁性）
1.美国人喜欢努力工作，而欧洲人喜欢更悠闲的生活。
2.有一段时间，美国人的每周工作时间拉长，在2000年达到39.4小时，但在2016年又回落到38.6小时。
❷ 用今天学到的知识翻译以下句子，留言告诉我你的答案哦
1.旧系统相当复杂(complicated)，而新系统却很简单。（提示：用whereas）
2.他每周平均工作40小时。（提示：用sb. average(s) ... hours a week）
—END—
外刊精读 你要...
✍ 了解背景知识
✍ 积累地道表达
✍ 分析行文结构
✍ 做英译汉练习
✍ 做汉译英练习
✍ 跟读模仿音频
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