华南理工大学2022计算机概论试卷B(更正了多处错误）
I. Multiple-Choice Questions (1.5*20=30 points)
1. What is a unique characteristic of zeros in the one's complement representation? D
a. Zero is represented by the largest positive value.
b. There are none; zero is implied by the absence of data.
c. Zero is represented by the largest negative value.
d. There are two of them, one positive and one negative.
解答：选D是因为在一的补码表示中，零有两个表示方式，一个是正零，一个是负零。这是一种独特的特征，与其他数字不同。
2. _____B___is a protocol for mail services.
a. FTP b. SMTP c. TELNET d. HTTP
A.文件
B．邮件
C.远端
D．网页
3. Every computer today is based on the ___B_____ model.
a. Intel b. von Neumann c. input/output d. Microsoft 4
显而易见：冯诺依曼
4. How do you represent the number -7 in 8 bits using two's complement ? B
a. 00000111 b. 11111001 c. 11100000 d. 10011111
负数：补码=反码+1
正数：不变
5. A program is comprised of a finite number of _____B___.
a. hard drives b. instructions c. memory cells d. i/o devices
一个程序由有限指令构成
6. A 17th-century computing machine that could perform addition and subtraction was the ____A____.
a. Pascaline b. Jacquard loom
c. Analytical Engine d. Babbage machine
pascal 加减机器
7. ______A__ is the highest speed memory.
a. CPU register b. main memory c. cache memory d. magnetic disk
寄存器最快，缓存次之
8. An 8-bit pattern can represent up to ___C_____ symbols.
a. 8 b. 128 c. 256 d. 16
2的8次方
9. If the ASCII code for E is 1000101, then the ASCII code for e is _____D___ .
a. 1000110 b. 1000111 c. 0000110 d. 1100101
加32即可
10. One company occupies two adjacent rooms in the Zhongxing Building.The network ,consisting of four workstations and a printer,is probably a ____A____.
a. LAN b.MAN c. WAN d. none of the above
两个很近，应该是A才是.
(我的我的）
11. Which number representation method is most widely used today for storing integers in a computer? ____C____ .
a. siglemen-and-magnitude b. one’s compnt
c. two’s complement d. unsigned integers
二进制补码：常见
12. For an 8-bit allocation , the largest decimal number that can be represented in two’s complement form is ___C_____ .
a. -8 b. -127 c. -128 d. -256
-128 - 127
所以是-128
13. You use a bit pattern called a ___A_____ to modify another bit pattern.
a. mask掩码 b. carry c. float d. byte
掩码可以改变
14. ___B_____ is a memory type with capacitors that need to be refreshed periodically.
a. SRAM 静态 b. DRAM 动态 c. ROM 只读 d. all of above
B选项"DRAM"（Dynamic Random Access Memory）是一种需要定期刷新的记忆类型，它使用电容器来存储数据。相比之下，SRAM（Static Random Access Memory） 是一种不需要刷新的静态存储器，而ROM（Read-Only Memory）是只读存储器，不需要刷新并且不可编程。因此，中文解释为：B选项DRAM是一种需要定期刷新的内存类型。
15. The ___C_____ controller is a serial device that connects slow devices such as the keyboard and mouse to the computer.
a. SCSI b. FireWire c. USB d. IDE
C:USB接口
16. Defining the users, needs, requirements, and methods is part of the _____A___ phase.
a. analysis b. design c. implementation d. testing
分析，设计，实施，测试，显然是分析
17. The IP address is currently ___C_____ bits in length.
a. 4 b. 8 c. 32 d. any of the above
地址8/4个字节，32/16个
18. A process in the ready state goes to the running state when ____C____.
a. it enters memory b. it requests I/O
c. it gets access to the CPU d. it finishes running
进入cpu后真正开始进程
19. ___D_____ is a step-by-step method for solving a problem or doing a task.
a. A construct b. A recursion c. An iteration d. An algorithm
算法：按照逻辑步骤解决问题
20. C, C++, and Java can be classified as ___C_____ languages.
a. machine b. symbolic c. high-level d. natural
高级语言
II．Fill in the blanks(1.5*16=24 points)
1. Data and programs are stored in memory .
数据，程序存储在内存
2. A bit is the smallest unit of data that can be stored in a computer.
位最小，显而易见
3. All data types are transformed into a uniform representation called a bit pattern for processing by computer.
位模式，背诵罢
位模式是常用的，统一的
4. Store –40 in a 16-bit memory location using two’s complement representation. 1111 1111 1101 1000
补码知识点
0000 0000 0010 1000
1111 1111 1101 1000
.
5. Store –40 in a 16-bit memory location using one’s complement representation. 1111 1111 1101 0111
反码知识点
0000 0000 0010 1000
1111 1111 1101 0111
.
6. Store –40 in a 16-bit memory location using sign-and-magnitude representation. 1000 0000 0010 1000
首位表示正负
然后其他正常
7. Represent –25 in Excess_127 using an 8-bit allocation. 01100110 .
To represent -25 in Excess_127 using an 8-bit allocation, we first need to add 127 to -25 to get the excess value.
Excess_127 = -25 + 127
Excess_127 = 102
Now we need to convert 102 into binary using 8 bits. The binary representation of 102 is 01100110.
So, the 8-bit Excess_127 representation of -25 is 01100110.
Since we are looking for the representation of -25, we need to find the two's complement of 10011000: Invert the bits: 01100111 Add 1: 01101000
附上（知识点出处）
有一个知识点没考察过
可康康
32位是 1，8，23
64位是 1，11，52
8. To unset (clear) a bit in a target bit pattern, set the corresponding mask bit to 0 and use the and operator.
掩码+与运算即可，与上一题同理
9. The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations.
算术逻辑运算符
10. The two designs for CPU architecture are CISC and RISC .
这道题列出了两种常见的 CPU 架构设计，它们分别是CISC和RISC。CISC (复杂指令集计算机)是一种设计复杂指令集的CPU架构，这种架构的指令可以执行多种操作，设计时注重完成更高级别的工作以减少程序员需要编写的指令数。相比之下，RISC (精简指令集计算机)是另一种CPU架构，它注重使用精简的指令、简化CPU结构和流水线技术来提高CPU的性能，但需要更多的指令完成同样的任务。因此，中文解释为：CPU架构有两种设计方式，即CISC和RISC。
11. There are two models of software development: waterfall model
and incremental model .
瀑布模型，增量模型
12. There are two types of software testing: black box testing and white box testing .
黑箱测试
白箱测试
13. modularity is the division of a large program into smaller parts that can communicate with each other.
模块化定义
关于软件工程方面可能考的方面（当然不全）
III．Questions (46 points)
1. What is the subsystems of the Neumann computer models?（6 points）
Memory内存 , control unit控制, arithmetic logic unit算术逻辑 and input/output输入输出
2. Name five types of data that a computer can process. （6 points）
Number, image, audio, video, text
数字，图像，音频，视频，文本
3. Add two numbers in two’s complement representation:
(-35) + (+20) = (-15) （7 points）
00100011（35）
11011101（-35）
00010100（20）
11110001（和）
-15
4. Define the term overflow. （6 points）
Overflow is a error that occurs when you try to store a number that is not within the range defined by the allocation.
当我们分配给结果的位数存不下计算出的值时，将发生溢出
溢出是把无限的世界映射到有限的机器上会发生的典型问题。
5. What is the USB controller? （6 points）
串行式连接 it’s a serial controller used to connection of input/output devices.
连续的控制器来连接输入输出设备（键盘，鼠标）
6. What are the four phases in software development? （8 points）
本题属于下列的第一种用法。
两种不同问法在此区别
7. Name the layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite. （7 points）
Physical lay, data link lay, network lay ,transport lay, session lay, presentation lay and applicant lay.
应用层 表示层 会话层 传输层 网络层 数据链路层 物理层