php8.0.0安装体验和扩展介绍流程

• 安装前的扯犊子科普工作

---

PHP 三大模块：

• SAPI：接受并处理请求。
• Zend Engine：PHP 的核心，负责分析 PHP 代码并转为 opcode，然后在 Zend VM 虚拟机上执行。
• PHP 功能函数及扩展层：实现各种功能，例如 curl 通信、连接 MySQL 等。

PHP 中，有以下几种方式添加扩展：

• 把扩展编译进 PHP

• 通过 pecl 命令或 Linux 发行版自带的 yum、apt-get 等命令安装，动态加载（Linux 下是 *.so 文件，Windows 下是 *.dll 文件）

• 用 phpize 从源码编译共享 PECL 扩展库
  相比通过 yum install 或 apt-get 等各大 Linux 发行版自带的安装方向，源码编译安装略显复杂，但是灵活性也更高，比如要安装 PCNTL 等扩展，就只能通过源码编译安装。

• 注意：源码编译安装时，只会安装指定的扩展，而好多扩展是默认不安装的。对于常用的数据库驱动、OpenSSL、GD 库等都需要指定。如果安装后发现遗漏，可以重新编译，加上相应的参数可得到驱动程序（Linux 下是 *.so 文件），然后复制到 PHP 的扩展目录（一般是 /usr/local/php/include/php/ext）下，并在 php.ini 配置文件中开启扩展既可以。

通过 yum list php72w-* 可以在 CentOS 中查看可以使用命令安装的扩展。

• 概述啰嗦完成，接着来干正事

---

安装环境

• 1核2GB配置，建议玩家能高就高，下文就有编译过程中低配置的问题体现，仔细阅读，谨慎跳跃查看

CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

Linux VM_0_12_centos 3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Dec 6 15:49:49 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

0、下载地址

wget https://github.com/php/php-src/archive/php-8.0.0.tar.gz

安装依赖

yum install -y autoconf libxml2-dev libsqlite3-dev \
libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev libonig-dev libtidy-dev zlib1g-dev

1、压缩包解压常规操作 php-src-php-8.0.0.tar.gz

tar -zxvf php-src-php-8.0.0.tar.gz

2、从官方包中拿到的数据不含configure脚本,需要将安装GNU autoconf,来生成configure

yum install autoconf
运行 ./buildconf
``

然后 configure就可以安装了
参考官网地址：https://www.php.net/manual/zh/faq.build.php

3、调用configure生成Makefile文件

执行配置选项（例如 --prefix 可以指定安装位置），判断硬件及操作系统平台，生成需要编译的 Makefile 文件

执行configure的前置操作

mkdir /usr/local/php800

配置扩展参数

./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php800 \
--exec-prefix=/usr/local/php800 \
--bindir=/usr/local/php800/bin \
--sbindir=/usr/local/php800/sbin \
--includedir=/usr/local/php800/include \
--libdir=/usr/local/php800/lib/php \
--mandir=/usr/local/php800/php/man \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php800/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=www \
--with-fpm-group=www \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-libxml-dir \
--with-xmlrpc \
--with-openssl \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-mhash \
--with-pcre-regex \
--with-sqlite3 \
--with-zlib \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--with-cdb \
--enable-dom \
--enable-exif \
--enable-fileinfo \
--enable-filter \
--with-pcre-dir \
--enable-ftp \
--with-gd \
--with-openssl-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--enable-gd-jis-conv \
--with-gettext \
--with-gmp \
--with-mhash \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-mbregex-backtrack \
--with-libmbfl \
--with-onig \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-pdo-sqlite \
--with-readline \
--enable-session \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-sysvmsg \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-sysvshm \
--enable-wddx \
--with-libxml-dir \
--with-xsl \
--enable-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-opcache \

错误清单

(1)configure: error: re2c 0.13.4 is required to generate PHP lexers.

需要安装re2c

yum安装rpm包

yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/r/re2c-0.14.3-2.el7.x86_64.rpm

源码安装

wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/re2c/files/0.16/re2c-0.16.tar.gz && tar zxf re2c-0.16.tar.gz && cd re2c-0.16

./configure && make && make install

安装（git源码编译）

git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/re2c/code-git re2c && cd re2c/
./autogen.sh && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/re2c/
make && make install
ln -sf /usr/local/re2c/bin/re2c /usr/local/bin/re2c
re2c -v
re2c -h
git clone https://github.com/skvadrik/re2c.git re2c && cd re2c
./autogen.sh && ./configure
make && make install

(2)测试安装 php 的 openssl 模块的时候，分别使用了以下方式(以具体的openssl扩展为例)

./configure
./configure --with-openssl
./configure --with-openssl=/usr/local
./configure --with-openssl=/usr/local/xxx

结果出现了不同的结果

第一种不会安装 openssl 模块
第二种可以正常安装 openssl 模块
第三种可以正常安装 openssl 模块 (我的电脑存在 /usr/local/include/openssl/evp.h)
第四种会报错：configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's evp.h (我的电脑 /usr/local/xxx 是空目录)

预编译扩展信息完成提示

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License:                                                           |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation  |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point.                            |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.

configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --enable-inline-optimization, --with-libxml-dir, --with-xmlrpc, --with-mcrypt, --with-pcre-regex, --with-pcre-dir, --with-gd, --with-jpeg-dir, --with-png-dir, --with-freetype-dir, --enable-gd-native-ttf, --enable-json, --enable-mbregex-backtrack, --with-libmbfl, --with-onig, --enable-wddx, --with-libxml-dir, --enable-zip

编译参数-使用

./configure -h
在源代码目录中，该命令可以查看所有编译参数以及对应的英文解释

编译参数-说明

--prefix=/opt/php //指定 php 安装目录
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs //整合Apache
--with-config-file-path=/opt/php/etc //指定php.ini位置
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/opt/php/etc/php.d //指定额外拓展配置归放处文件夹
--enable-safe-mode //打开安全模式
--enable-ftp //打开ftp的支持
--enable-zip //打开对zip的支持
--with-bz2 //打开对bz2文件的支持
--with-jpeg-dir //打开对jpeg图片的支持
--with-png-dir //打开对png图片的支持
--with-freetype-dir //打开对freetype字体库的支持
--without-iconv //关闭iconv函数，各种字符集间的转换
--with-libXML-dir //打开libxml2库的支持
--with-XMLrpc //打开xml-rpc的c语言
--with-zlib-dir //打开zlib库的支持
--with-gd //打开gd库的支持
--enable-gd-native-ttf //支持TrueType字符串函数库
--with-curl //打开curl浏览工具的支持
--with-curlwrappers //运用curl工具打开url流
--with-ttf //打开freetype1.*的支持，可以不加了
--with-xsl //打开XSLT 文件支持，扩展了libXML2库 ，需要libxslt软件
--with-gettext //打开gnu 的gettext 支持，编码库用到
--with-pear //打开pear命令的支持，PHP扩展用的
--enable-calendar //打开日历扩展功能
--enable-mbstring //多字节，字符串的支持
--enable-bcmath //精度计算，解决蛋疼的数字运算精度问题
--enable-sockets //打开 sockets 支持
--enable-exif //图片的元数据支持
--enable-magic-quotes //魔术引用的支持
--disable-rpath //关闭额外的运行库文件
--disable-debug //关闭调试模式
--with-ldap-dir //轻量目录访问协议

4、编译和安装

make && make install

错误提示

1、make: *** [ext/fileinfo/libmagic/apprentice.lo] Error 1

因为系统的内存不足1G造成的,然后需要加上 --disable-fileinfo,然重新编译即可；

即在执行 ./configure 时–enable-fileinfo 改为 --disable-fileinfo

清除原编译 make clean，重新生成makefile文件

成功make提示

Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.

成功make install 提示

[root@VM_0_12_centos php-src-php-8.0.0]# make install
Installing shared extensions:     /usr/local/php800/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20200930/
Installing PHP CLI binary:        /usr/local/php800/bin/
Installing PHP CLI man page:      /usr/local/php800/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP FPM binary:        /usr/local/php800/sbin/
Installing PHP FPM defconfig:     /usr/local/php800/etc/
Installing PHP FPM man page:      /usr/local/php800/php/man/man8/
Installing PHP FPM status page:   /usr/local/php800/php/php/fpm/
Installing phpdbg binary:         /usr/local/php800/bin/
Installing phpdbg man page:       /usr/local/php800/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP CGI binary:        /usr/local/php800/bin/
Installing PHP CGI man page:      /usr/local/php800/php/man/man1/
Installing build environment:     /usr/local/php800/lib/php/build/
Installing header files:          /usr/local/php800/include/php/
Installing helper programs:       /usr/local/php800/bin/
  program: phpize
  program: php-config
Installing man pages:             /usr/local/php800/php/man/man1/
  page: phpize.1
  page: php-config.1
Installing PEAR environment:      /usr/local/php800/lib/php/php/
--2020-11-26 12:29:14--  https://pear.php.net/install-pear-nozlib.phar
Resolving pear.php.net (pear.php.net)... 109.203.101.62
Connecting to pear.php.net (pear.php.net)|109.203.101.62|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3634227 (3.5M)
Saving to: ‘pear/install-pear-nozlib.phar’

100%[==========================================================================================================================>] 3,634,227   17.5KB/s   in 2m 47s 

2020-11-26 12:32:02 (21.3 KB/s) - ‘pear/install-pear-nozlib.phar’ saved [3634227/3634227]

[PEAR] Archive_Tar    - installed: 1.4.9
[PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.4.3
[PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.1.1
[PEAR] XML_Util       - installed: 1.4.5
warning: pear/PEAR dependency package "pear/Archive_Tar" installed version 1.4.9 is not the recommended version 1.4.4
[PEAR] PEAR           - installed: 1.10.12
Warning! a PEAR user config file already exists from a previous PEAR installation at '/root/.pearrc'. You may probably want to remove it.
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php800/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/php800/lib/php/php to your php.ini include_path
/home/humx/php-src-php-8.0.0/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php800/bin/phar.phar
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php800/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers:           /usr/local/php800/include/php/ext/pdo/

5、成功安装的测试工作

进入到/usr/local/php800/bin中运行 ./php -m，查看扩展安装情况

[PHP Modules]
bcmath
bz2
calendar
Core
ctype
curl
date
dba
dom
exif
filter
ftp
gettext
gmp
hash
iconv
json
libxml
mbstring
mysqli
mysqlnd
openssl
pcre
PDO
pdo_mysql
pdo_sqlite
Phar
posix
readline
Reflection
session
shmop
SimpleXML
soap
sockets
SPL
sqlite3
standard
sysvmsg
sysvsem
sysvshm
tokenizer
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter
xsl
zlib
[Zend Modules]

php8一些配置

配置php.ini

进行到php8的源代码根目录中操作（编译过程中制定了位置）：

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php800/etc/php.ini

配置环境变量

ln -s /usr/local/php800 /usr/bin/php8

或者添加 /etc/profile 进行配置，在末尾追加如下记录：

# PHP8
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php800/bin

source /etc/profile 生效

配置php-fpm

配置下如下环境，可以修改监听的端口等

cd /usr/local/php800/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

cd /usr/local/php800/php-fpm.d
cp www.conf.default www.conf

配置php-fpm的pid文件

在php-fpm.conf中配置，将pid=run/php-fpm.pid前边的“#”去掉，并修改为php-fpm800
重启php-fpm即可生效

[global]
; Pid file
; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/php800/var
; Default Value: none
pid = run/php-fpm800.pid

安装composer

cd /usr/local/php800/bin/
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php8
cp composer.phar /usr/bin/composer8

# 阿里云 Composer 全量镜像
composer8 config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/

# 中国全量镜像
composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://packagist.phpcomposer.com

# 更新 composer：
composer selfupdate

init.d的php-fpm服务的添加（跟systemd配置一个即可，php738采用此法启动）

/etc/init.d 是 /etc/rc.d/init.d 的软链接

php源码编译目录下的 sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm 文件拷贝到系统配置 /etc/init.d 目录下并重命名为 php-fpm

cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm 
chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

# 启动命令
service php-fpm start
service php-fpm stop
service php-fpm restart
service php-fpm reload
 或
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
/etc/init.d/php-fpm reload

添加一个php8.0.0的systemd

vim /lib/systemd/system/php800-fpm.service

内容如下

[Unit]
Description=The PHP 8.0.0 FastCGI Process Manager
Documentation=man:php-fpm800(8)
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/usr/local/php800/var/run/php800-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/php800/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php800/etc/php-fpm.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targe

opcache配置

[opcache]
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1 
opcache.jit_buffer_size=100M
opcache.jit=1255

systemctl运行php800-fpm服务器

# 启动
systemctl start php800-fpm
# 重启
systemctl restart php800-fpm
# 停止
systemctl stop php800-fpm

laravel

创建一个laravel项目,名称叫php8

cd /var/www/html
composer8 create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel php8

配置一下.env文件

nginx配置

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name bbs.ekanshu.com.cn;
    access_log  /tmp/php8.log main;
    root /var/www/html/php8/public;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php800-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index /index.php;

        include fastcgi_params;

        fastcgi_split_path_info       ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO       $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }
}

添加一个接口

laravel7的路由写法在laravel8中有点问题，改下 RouteServiceProvider.php的写法。比如API路由,将 $this->namespace改为 App\Http\Controllers\Api。

public function boot()
{
        $this->configureRateLimiting();

        $this->routes(function () {
            Route::prefix('api')
                ->middleware('api')
                ->namespace('App\Http\Controllers\Api')
                ->group(base_path('routes/api.php'));

            Route::middleware('web')
                ->namespace($this->namespace)
                ->group(base_path('routes/web.php'));
        });
}

其他一样，不用修改。加个测试接口看看：

Route::get('/test','WxController@test');

test接口查一条数据并返回

toarray();
    }
}

对比测试PHP7

本次使用PHP7.3，接口代码和PHP8一致，两者都开启opcache。

服务器配置是1核2G，用ab简单测试下。

先测试php8的ab结果

ab -n 100 -c 10 http://php8.humengxu.com/api/test

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking php8.humengxu.com (be patient).....done


Server Software:        nginx
Server Hostname:        php8.humengxu.com
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /api/test
Document Length:        2042 bytes

Concurrency Level:      10
Time taken for tests:   3.098 seconds
Complete requests:      100
Failed requests:        38
   (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 38, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0
Non-2xx responses:      38
Total transferred:      409699 bytes
HTML transferred:       377214 bytes
Requests per second:    32.28 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       309.770 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       30.977 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          129.16 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    2   1.3      2       8
Processing:     8  273 351.5     94    1474
Waiting:        8  178 245.2     94    1473
Total:          9  275 351.8     96    1476

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     96
  66%    115
  75%    280
  80%    627
  90%    823
  95%   1014
  98%   1476
  99%   1476
 100%   1476 (longest request)

再测试php7.4的ab结果

ab -n 100 -c 10 http://php74.humengxu.com/api/test

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking php74.humengxu.com (be patient).....done


Server Software:        nginx
Server Hostname:        php74.humengxu.com
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /api/test
Document Length:        2042 bytes

Concurrency Level:      10
Time taken for tests:   3.001 seconds
Complete requests:      100
Failed requests:        32
   (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 32, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0
Non-2xx responses:      32
Total transferred:      379497 bytes
HTML transferred:       349896 bytes
Requests per second:    33.33 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       300.061 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       30.006 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          123.51 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    2   2.4      3      15
Processing:     9  249 379.7    102    1685
Waiting:        9  154 258.1     94    1487
Total:          9  251 379.7    106    1688

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%    106
  66%    122
  75%    213
  80%    219
  90%    685
  95%   1433
  98%   1557
  99%   1688
 100%   1688 (longest request)