Python如何操作RabbitMQ实现direct关键字发布订阅模式？有录播直播私教课视频教程

direct关键字发布订阅模式

基本用法

发布者

import json
from rabbitmq import pika
import rabbitmq

# 建立连接
credentials = rabbitmq.PlainCredentials(
    'zhangdapeng',
    'zhangdapeng520',
)  # mq用户名和密码
connection_target = rabbitmq.ConnectionParameters(
    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=5672,
    virtual_host='/',
    credentials=credentials,
)
connection = rabbitmq.BlockingConnection(connection_target)

# 队列信息
exchange_name = "user_manager_direct"

# 创建管道
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明一个交换机
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=exchange_name, exchange_type=rabbitmq.ExchangeType.direct)

# 向队列中写入数据
user = {"id": 1, "name": "张三", "age": 23}
message = json.dumps(user, ensure_ascii=True)
channel.basic_publish(
    exchange=exchange_name,
    routing_key="error",  # 这里不再是队列名了，而是关键字
    body=message.encode('utf8'),
    properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2),  # 声明消息在队列中持久化
)
channel.basic_publish(
    exchange=exchange_name,
    routing_key="info",  # 这里不再是队列名了，而是关键字
    body=message.encode('utf8'),
    properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2),  # 声明消息在队列中持久化
)
print(message)

# 关闭连接
connection.close()

消费者

import rabbitmq
import json

# 创建连接
credentials = rabbitmq.PlainCredentials(
    'zhangdapeng',
    'zhangdapeng520',
)
target = rabbitmq.ConnectionParameters(
    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=5672,
    virtual_host='/',
    credentials=credentials,
)
connection = rabbitmq.BlockingConnection(target)

# 创建管道
channel = connection.channel()

# 队列信息
exchange_name = "user_manager_direct"

# 绑定交换机
channel.exchange_declare(
    exchange=exchange_name,
    exchange_type=rabbitmq.ExchangeType.direct,
)

# 绑定队列
result = channel.queue_declare(
    queue="",  # 这里不要指定队列名
    exclusive=True,
)
queue_name = result.method.queue  # 通过result获取队列名
channel.queue_bind(
    exchange=exchange_name,
    queue=queue_name,
    routing_key="error",  # 可以通过routing_key绑定多个关键字
)
channel.queue_bind(
    exchange=exchange_name,
    queue=queue_name,
    routing_key="info",  # 可以通过routing_key绑定多个关键字
)


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    """每次接收到消息的消费回调方法"""
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
    data = body.decode("utf8")
    print(json.loads(data))


# 开始消费
channel.basic_consume(
    queue=queue_name,
    on_message_callback=callback,
    auto_ack=False,
)
try:
    channel.start_consuming()
finally:
    connection.close()

简化代码

生产者

import json
from rabbitmq import pika
import rabbitmq

# 建立连接
connection = rabbitmq.get_connection()

# 队列信息
exchange_name = "user_manager_direct"

# 创建管道
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明一个交换机
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=exchange_name, exchange_type=rabbitmq.ExchangeType.direct)

# 向队列中写入数据
user = {"id": 1, "name": "张三", "age": 23}
rabbitmq.send_json(channel, user, exchange_name, "error")
rabbitmq.send_json(channel, user, exchange_name, "info")

# 关闭连接
connection.close()

消费者

import rabbitmq
import json

# 创建连接
connection = rabbitmq.get_connection()

# 创建管道
channel = connection.channel()

# 队列信息
exchange_name = "user_manager_direct"

# 绑定交换机
channel.exchange_declare(
    exchange=exchange_name,
    exchange_type=rabbitmq.ExchangeType.direct,
)

# 绑定队列
result = channel.queue_declare(
    queue="",  # 这里不要指定队列名
    exclusive=True,
)
queue_name = result.method.queue  # 通过result获取队列名
channel.queue_bind(
    exchange=exchange_name,
    queue=queue_name,
    routing_key="error",  # 可以通过routing_key绑定多个关键字
)
channel.queue_bind(
    exchange=exchange_name,
    queue=queue_name,
    routing_key="info",  # 可以通过routing_key绑定多个关键字
)


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    """每次接收到消息的消费回调方法"""
    print(rabbitmq.receive_json(ch, method, body))


# 开始消费
rabbitmq.consume(connection, queue_name, callback)

进一步简化代码

生产者

import rabbitmq

# 建立连接
connection = rabbitmq.get_connection()

# 队列信息
exchange_name = "user_manager_direct"

# 创建管道
channel, _ = rabbitmq.get_direct_channel(connection, exchange_name)

# 向队列中写入数据
user = {"id": 1, "name": "张三", "age": 23}
rabbitmq.send_json(channel, user, exchange_name, "error")
rabbitmq.send_json(channel, user, exchange_name, "info")

# 关闭连接
connection.close()

消费者

import rabbitmq
import json

# 创建连接
connection = rabbitmq.get_connection()

# 队列信息
exchange_name = "user_manager_direct"

# 创建管道
channel, queue_name = rabbitmq.get_direct_channel(connection, exchange_name, ["error", "info"])


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    """每次接收到消息的消费回调方法"""
    print(rabbitmq.receive_json(ch, method, body))


# 开始消费
rabbitmq.consume(connection, queue_name, callback)