Ubuntu离线安装MySQL5.7.9

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解压MySQL安装包

sudo tar -zvxf mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

创建软连接

sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

创建MySQL用户

sudo useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

配置/etc/my.cnf文件

sudo vim  /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
#socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character_set_server = utf8
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
server_id = 1
#socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

初始化安装MySQL，会生成一个默认密码

sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql 

最后一排root@localhost: xxxxx为临时生成的密码，后续会用到。
配置MySQL自启动文件

sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

配置MySQL环境变量：

sudo vim /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

环境生效

source /etc/profile

启动MySQL

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start mysqld

设置开机自启

sudo systemctl enable mysqld

设置用户权限（示例）

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

赋予本地操作权限

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;

建立远程连接权限
Grant all on *.* to 'root'@"%" identified by '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;(root用户不建议)
刷新数据库

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

常见错误
离线安装MySQL时出现缺少库的问题，一般会提示缺失下面这几个库。
解决方法：

sudo apt-get install libaio1 libmecab2 libncurses5