常用的延迟消息实现方式有:
利用 队列TTL + 死信队列 方式实现
利用消息延迟插件实现
消息变成死信的原因有:
消息过期。消息TTL或队列TTL
消息被拒绝。消费者调用了 channel.basicNack
或 channel.basicReject
,并且设置 requeue=false
队列满。
当设置了最大队列长度或大小并达到最大值时,RabbitMQ 的默认行为是从队列前面丢弃或 dead-letter 消息(即队列中最早的消息)。要修改这种行为,请使用下面描述的
overflow
设置overflow
常见参数说明
这里直接贴出 rabbitConfig 代码,其他的代码参考该文章:RabbitMQ (三)消息重试
主要操作:
创建死信队列和交换器,并绑定
创建队列,同时设置队列的TTL、绑定死信队列;创建交换器,并绑定,
package com.fmi110.rabbitmq.config;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.retry.MessageRecoverer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
/**
* @author fmi110
* @description rabbitMQ 配置类
* @date 2021/7/1 15:08
*/
@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class RabbitConfig {
String dlQueueName = "my-queue-dl"; // 普通队列名称
String dlExchangeName = "my-exchange-dl"; // 死信交换器名称
String dlRoutingKey = "rabbit.test";
String queueName = "retry-queue";
String exchangeName = "my-exchange"; // 普通交换器名称
/**
* 创建死信队列
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue queueDL() {
return QueueBuilder
.durable(dlQueueName) // 持久化队列
.build();
}
/**
* 创建死信交换机
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public TopicExchange exchangeDL() {
return new TopicExchange(dlExchangeName, true, false);
}
/**
* 绑定操作
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindQueueDL2ExchangeDL(Queue queueDL, TopicExchange exchangeDL) {
log.info(">>>> 队列与交换器绑定");
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueDL).to(exchangeDL).with(dlRoutingKey);
}
/**
* 创建持久化队列,同时绑定死信交换器
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue queue() {
log.info(">>>> 创建队列 retry-queue");
HashMap params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", dlExchangeName);
params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", dlRoutingKey);
params.put("x-message-ttl", 10 * 1000); // 队列过期时间 10s
return QueueBuilder
.durable(queueName) // 持久化队列
.withArguments(params) // 关联死信交换器
.build();
}
/**
* 创建交换机
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public TopicExchange exchange() {
log.info(">>>> 创建交换器 my-exchange");
boolean durable = true; // 持久化
boolean autoDelete = false; // 消费者全部解绑时不自动删除
return new TopicExchange(exchangeName, durable, autoDelete);
}
/**
* 绑定队列到交换机
*
* @param queue
* @param exchange
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindQueue2Exchange(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) {
log.info(">>>> 队列与交换器绑定");
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("rabbit.test");
}
}
延迟消息通过队列的TTL产生,所以这里不应该设置普通队列的消费者,让消息过期然后自动转入死信队列,此时再进行消费以此实现延迟消息
package com.fmi110.rabbitmq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Header;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* @author fmi110
* @description 消息消费者
* @date 2021/7/1 16:08
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RabbitConsumer {
/**
* 死信队列消费者
* @param data
* @param channel
* @param tag
* @throws Exception
*/
@RabbitListener(queues="my-queue-dl")
public void consumeDL(String data, Channel channel, @Header(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG) long tag) throws Exception{
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
log.info(">>>> {} 死信队列消费 tag = {},消息内容 : {}", dateFormat.format(new Date()), tag, data);
}
}
如上图所示实现了延迟10s的消息,但是如果需要实现延迟5s的消息,则需要新建一个TTL为5s的队列,所以如果延迟时间需要很多的话,就需要创建很多队列,实现起来比较麻烦。
再贴一段对消息设置TTL的代码:
AtomicInteger aint = new AtomicInteger();
public void send(String msg) {
String exchangeName = "my-exchange";
String routingKey = "rabbit.test";
// rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, routingKey, msg);
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
messageProperties.setCorrelationId(UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""));
// TTL 为5s
int i = 9 * 1000;
if (aint.incrementAndGet() % 2 == 0) {
i = 5 * 1000;
}
msg = "message send at " + dateFormat.format(new Date()) +", expired at "+dateFormat.format(new Date().getTime()+i);
messageProperties.setExpiration(String.valueOf(i)); // 设置过期时间
Message message = new Message(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), messageProperties);
rabbitTemplate.send(exchangeName, routingKey, message);
}
可以看到消息的过期时间与期望的不一致。因为只有在头部的消息,系统才对其进行过期检测。所以如果消息不再队列头部,即使时间已经过期,也不会导致消息进入死信队列!!!
当同时设置了消息的TTL和队列的TTL时,过期时间谁小谁生效(队列头部的消息才进行TTL检测)。
插件的安装参考 docker安装rabbitMQ
使用延迟插件实现,需要创建延迟交换器,使用 CustomExchange 类创建,同时指定交换器类型为 x-delayed-message ,此外还需要设置属性 x-delayed-type ,创建的交换器如下图所示
package com.fmi110.rabbitmq.config;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.CustomExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
/**
* @author fmi110
* @description 配置交换器、队列
* @date 2021/7/3 9:58
*/
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig2 {
String exchangeName = "delay-exchange";
String queueName = "delay-queue";
String exchangeType = "x-delayed-message";
@Bean
public CustomExchange exchange() {
HashMap args = new HashMap<>();
args.put("x-delayed-type", "topic");
return new CustomExchange(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, args);
}
@Bean
public Queue queue() {
return new Queue(queueName, true, false, false);
}
@Bean
public Binding binding(CustomExchange exchange, Queue queue) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue)
.to(exchange)
.with("rabbit.delay")
.noargs();
}
}
这里开启了消息投递失败回调。测试中发现,使用延迟插件,虽然消息正常投递了,但是始终会报 “NO_ROUTER” 提示路由失败。虽然不影响功能。运行截图见后文。目前不确定是我设置问题还是框架的问题...
package com.fmi110.rabbitmq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageDeliveryMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* @author fmi110
* @description 消息生产者
* @date 2021/7/1 15:08
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RabbitProducer {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* 1 设置 confirm 回调,消息发送到 exchange 时回调
* 2 设置 return callback ,当路由规则无法匹配到消息队列时,回调
*
* correlationData:消息发送时,传递的参数,里边只有一个id属性,标识消息用
*/
@PostConstruct
public void enableConfirmCallback() {
// #1
/**
* 连接不上 exchange或exchange不存在时回调
*/
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, cause) -> {
if (!ack) {
log.error("消息发送失败");
// TODO 记录日志,发送通知等逻辑
}
});
// #2
/**
* 消息投递到队列失败时,才会回调该方法
* message:发送的消息
* exchange:消息发往的交换器的名称
* routingKey:消息携带的路由关键字信息
*/
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback((message, replyCode, replyText, exchange, routingKey) -> {
log.error("{},exchange={},routingKey={}",replyText,exchange,routingKey);
// TODO 路由失败后续处理逻辑
});
}
public void sendDelayMsg(String delay) {
int delayInt = StringUtils.isEmpty(delay) ? 0 : Integer.valueOf(delay);
String exchangeName = "delay-exchange";
String routingKey = "rabbit.delay";
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
String msg = "message send at " + dateFormat.format(new Date()) + ", expired at " + dateFormat.format(new Date().getTime() + delayInt * 1000);
// MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
// messageProperties.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);// 持久化消息
// messageProperties.setDelay(delayInt * 1000);
// Message message = new Message(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), messageProperties);
// rabbitTemplate.send(exchangeName,routingKey,message);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, routingKey, msg, message ->{
message.getMessageProperties().setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT); //消息持久化
message.getMessageProperties().setDelay(delayInt * 1000); // 单位为毫秒
return message;
});
}
}
消费者,指定监听对应的消息队列即可。
package com.fmi110.rabbitmq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Header;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* @author fmi110
* @description 消息消费者
* @date 2021/7/1 16:08
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RabbitConsumer {
@RabbitListener(queues="delay-queue")
public void consumeDelay(String data, Channel channel, @Header(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG) long tag) throws Exception{
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
log.info(">>>> {} 延迟队列消费 tag = {},消息内容 : {}", dateFormat.format(new Date()), tag, data);
}
}
package com.fmi110.rabbitmq.controller;
import com.fmi110.rabbitmq.RabbitProducer;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import sun.rmi.runtime.Log;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class TestController {
@Autowired
RabbitProducer rabbitProducer;
@GetMapping("/delay")
public Object delay(String delay) {
rabbitProducer.sendDelayMsg(delay); // 发送消息
HashMap result = new HashMap<>();
result.put("code", 0);
result.put("msg", "success");
return result;
}
}
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-amqp
org.projectlombok
lombok
compile