oracle日常操作记录

oracle日常操作记录

SQL中上下按键错误

• rlwrap下载

SQL> ^[[A^[[A^[[D^[[C^[[D^[

需要安装 rlwrap-0.42.tar.gz 这个软件包
直接解压./configure && make  && make  install      #需要使用root用户执行

在到oracle用户环境变量中添加以下数据：
[oracle@ccod ~]$ vim .bash_profile 
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'   

创建用户和表空间

• 创建用户

create user 用户名 identified   by "密码";

• 授权

grant create session to 用户名;     # 授权允许用户登录
grant create table  to  用户名;        # 创建表的权限
gant create tablespace to  用户名;   # 创建回滚表空间
garnt create view  to 用户名;     # 创建视图权限

• 创建表空间

create tablespace demps[ace datafile '路径以.bdf结尾'    size 1500M autoextend on ext 5M maxsize 3000M;

SQL行中的技巧

• 调用系统命令

SQL> !ls -htr 
oracle_database_linux32.zip  db_home  database oracle10g  db_files  rlwrap-0.42  rlwrap-0.42.tar.gz

按照用户导出和导入

[oracle@iZ25clyc8k3Z ~]$ exp   ccod/ccod  file=test.dmp         #导出

[oracle@ccod ~]$ imp ccod/ccod file=test.dmp   fromuser=ccod touser=ccod   #导入

表空间扩容

一、查询使用率：

SELECT Upper(F.TABLESPACE_NAME)      "表空间名",
     Round(D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB/1024,2)  "表空间大小(GB)",
     Round(F.TOTAL_BYTES/1024,2)    "空闲空间(GB)",
     To_char(Round(( D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES ) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100, 2), '990.99')
     || '%'                         "使用比",
     Round((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES)/1024,2) "已使用空间(GB)",
     F.MAX_BYTES/1024               "最大块(MB)"
FROM   (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
              Round(Sum(BYTES) / ( 1024 * 1024 ), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,
              Round(Max(BYTES) / ( 1024 * 1024 ), 2) MAX_BYTES
       FROM   SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
       GROUP  BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,
      (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,
              Round(Sum(DD.BYTES) / ( 1024 * 1024 ), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB
       FROM   SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD
       GROUP  BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D
WHERE  D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME
ORDER  BY 1;

• 新版查询表空间使用率

select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes/1024/1024/1024 "Sum GB",(a.bytes-b.bytes)/1024/1024/1024 "used GB",b.bytes/1024/1024/1024 "free GB",round(((a.bytes-b.bytes)/a.bytes)*100,2) "percent_used" 
from 
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) bytes from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) a, 
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) bytes,max(bytes) largest from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) b 
where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name 
order by ((a.bytes-b.bytes)/a.bytes) desc

二、查看使用数据文件扩容到哪一步：

select name from v$datafile; 
select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files; 
select username,default_tablespace from dba_users where default_tablespace='USERS'; 查询USERS表空间哪个用户在使用。 

三、添加数据文件：

alter tablespace users add datafile'/home/oracle/oracle10g/oradata/DATAONE/users11.dbf' size 1000M autoextend on next 100M MAXSIZE 32000M; 
列：alter tablespace CCOD_TABLE_0211270012#表空间名 add datafile'/home/oracle/oracle10g/oradata/CCOD_TABLE_0211270012_01.dbf'#路径 size 1000M autoextend on next 100M MAXSIZE 32000M;

Oracle启动关闭

• 停止监听

关掉oracle的监听进程:命令为“lsnrctl stop”并回车，这时外部没法连接到数据库了
命令行：lsnrctl stop”

• 强制重启数据

SHUTDOWN ABORT;

• 关闭数据库

SQL>shutdown immediate

• 启动数据库

SQL>startup; 

• 启动监听

命令行lsnrctl start

• 启停止汇总命令

SQL> shutdown normal--普通关闭
SQL> shutdown immediate --立即关闭
SQL> shutdown transactional --事务保证关闭
SQL> shutdown abort --强制终止/强制关闭
SQL> shutdown 就相当于使用了shutdown normal

SQL> startup; 
# lsnrctl start

Orcle连接数

SQL> show parameter process  #查看当前oracle设置的连接数

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
aq_tm_processes              integer     0
db_writer_processes             integer     1
gcs_server_processes             integer     0
job_queue_processes             integer     10
log_archive_max_processes         integer     2
processes                 integer     300

修改processes和sessions值必须重启oracle服务器才能生效
ORACLE的连接数(sessions)与其参数文件中的进程数(process)有关，它们的关系如下：
　　sessions=(1.1*process+5)
  
SQL> alter system set sessions=555 scope=spfile;   #设置连接数
SQL> alter system set processes=500 scope=spfile;  #设置连接数


SQL> select count(*) from v$process;     #查看当前的oracle数据的连接数

  COUNT(*)
----------
    55

删除oracle归档文件

• 在主库和备份执行分别执行看值

set linesize 160 pagesize 999;
col name for a60;
col member for a60;
select dbid,database_role from v$database;
select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log; 
select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log where applied='YES';

#执行过程，在主库执行表示
SQL> set linesize 160 pagesize 999;
col name for a60;
col member for a60;
select dbid,database_role from v$database;
select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log; 
select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log where applied='YES';SQL> SQL> SQL> 
      DBID DATABASE_ROLE
---------- ----------------
2388749677 PHYSICAL STANDBY

SQL> 
MAX(SEQUENCE#)   #目前归档文件最大值是253
--------------
       253

SQL> 
MAX(SEQUENCE#)      #表示备库，已经应用归档文件
--------------
       253
SQL> 

• 查询归档文件路径

set linesize 160 pagesize 999
col destination for a30;
col error for a60;
select status,destination, error from v$archive_dest;

#在主库中查询
SQL> select status,destination, error from v$archive_dest;

STATUS      DESTINATION             ERROR
--------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
VALID      /home/oracle/oracle10g/arch1/WENDING   #本地归档文件
VALID      db_phystdby      #备库的路径
INACTIVE
INACTIVE
INACTIVE
INACTIVE
INACTIVE
INACTIVE
INACTIVE
INACTIVE
10 rows selected.

• 查询归档进程是否存在

elect process,status from v$managed_standby; 

基本查询

• 按照时间查询数据

# 查询from campaign_base_info表中ENDTIME字段小于2017-05-01 00:00:00中的数据
select *　from campaign_base_info  where  ENDTIME <  to_date('2017-05-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');

Oracle数据导出

#!/usr/bin/perl
##perl script used to connect to Oracle
use strict;
use DBI;
use Encode;
#autoflush
$| = 1;
my $tnsname="ora198";
my $username="xxxxx";
my $password="xxxxx";
my $dbh=DBI->connect("dbi:Oracle:$tnsname", $username, $password) or die "Cannot conenct db: $DBI::errstr\n";
print "I have connected to the Oracle database!\n";
$dbh->{AutoCommit}    = 0;
$dbh->{RaiseError}    = 1;
$dbh->{ora_check_sql} = 0;
$dbh->{RowCacheSize}  = 16;
$dbh->{LongReadLen} = 66000;
$dbh->{LongTruncOk} = 1;
my $sql=qq(select "FEED_ID","PRODUCT_CODE","PRODUCT_OBJECT_ID",replace("FEED_DATA",'![](index_files/_25W@GJ_24ACOF_28TYDYECOKVDYB.png)\\u','\\\\u'),"USER_ID_EN","USER_NICK",to_char("CREATE_TIME",'YYYY-MM-DD HH2
4:MI:SS'),to_char("NEXT_DISPATCH_TIME",'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),"DISPATCH_STATUS","RANGE_STATUS","SPREAD_STATUS","FEED_ACCEPTORS","FEED_STATE","FEED_TYPE" from 
"CENTER"."T_WIKI_FEED") ;
open FH,">/home/zhangguangnan/T_WIKI_FEED.txt" or die "open file faile";
my $sth=$dbh->prepare($sql);
$sth->execute();
while (my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
        my $data=join('|#|',@row);
 print FH "$data\t\n";
 }
close FH;
$dbh->disconnect or warn "DB disconnect failed: $DBI::errstr\n";
print "Disconnected from Oracle databae!\n";

Mysql导入

load data local infile 'T_WIKI_FEED.500000ae' IGNORE into table t_wiki_feed character set gbk fields terminated by '|#|' ENCLOSED BY '\\' lines terminated byy '\t\n';

oracle基本操作

• 清空表中数据

truncate table abc;
delete from abc;

• 查询结果插入另张表中

select * into 表A form 表B where条件

• 查询结果创建另张新表中

create table campaign_clean_info_bak0202 as select * from campaign_clean_info

insert into 表A select * from 表B where 条件

• 查询数据多字段，插入另张少字段表中

insert into DXBD2016111803.ENT_RECORD_BX_TABLE_H_201805(RECORD_NAME, SESSION_ID, REMOTE_URI, LOCAL_URI, AGENT_ID, CMS_NAME, CALL_TYPE, DEVICE_NUMBER, START_TIME, END_TIME) select RECORD_NAME, SESSION_ID, REMOTE_URI, LOCAL_URI, AGENT_ID, CMS_NAME, CALL_TYPE, DEVICE_NUMBER, START_TIME, END_TIME　from DXBD2016111803.ENT_RECORD_BX_TABLE  where  START_TIME <  to_date('2018-05-27 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') and START_TIME >  to_date('2018-05-1 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')

Oracle优化

• 增加游标是数

增大游标的值：alter system set open_cursors = 加大的值;

• Oracle 调整SGA、PGA大小

来源

SQL> show parameter sga;

SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=4096M scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set sga_target=4096M scope=spfile;
System altered.

如果是RAC环境，需要这样增加sid='*'：

> alter system set sga_target=20G scope=spfile sid='*';

SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup
SQL> show parameter sga;

SQL> alter system set workarea_size_policy=auto scope=both;
SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target=512m scope=both;

• oracle在线添加日志组和日志组成员

来源

SQL> alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log';  

 SQL> alter database add logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/redo01a.log' to group 1;  

 SQL> alter database add logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/redo02a.log' to group 2;  

 SQL> alter database add logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/redo03a.log' to group 3;  

 SQL> alter database add logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/redo04a.log') size 100m;  

SQL> alter database add logfile group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/redo05a.log') size 100m;  

23.  Database altered.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> select * from v$log;

• 添加redo 日志太小 500M

alter database add logfile group 4 ('/home/oracle/db_files/ccod/redo04.log') size 512M;
alter database add logfile group 5 ('/home/oracle/db_files/ccod/redo05.log') size 512M;
alter database add logfile group 6 ('/home/oracle/db_files/ccod/redo06.log') size 512M;

Oracle技巧

• oracle技巧

#查看sql执行次数
select SQL_TEXT,EXECUTIONS,PARSE_CALLS   FROM v$sqlarea

• oracle命令行调整宽度

set linesize 220
set pagesize 300
col datas for a100
col nu for 99999999
select substr(a.record_name, 1, instr(a.record_name, '/', 1) - 1) datas,
       count(1) nu
  from ccod.c_record_bx a where a.MATCHED_STATUS = 0
 group by substr(a.record_name, 1, instr(a.record_name, '/', 1) - 1);