各种开发语言项目环境国内(中国国内加速镜像)配置教程和部分实践经验,包括github.com, nodejs,npm,nvm, yarn, java, maven, gradle, python, m

awesome-env-config-cn

各种开发语言项目环境国内(中国国内加速镜像)配置教程和部分实践经验,包括github.com, nodejs,npm,nvm, yarn, java, maven, gradle, python, mysys2, elasticsearch, php等等,更多正在加入中

源码地址:https://github.com/yunchaoq/awesome-env-config-cn

TODO 待补充的

欢迎大家一起补充

  • ruby
  • pod

目录

  • linux系统镜像源
  • github镜像
  • nodejs镜像
    • nvm nodejs版本管理工具
    • yarn nodejs包管理工具
    • npm nodejs包管理工具
  • java JDK
    • maven包管理
    • gradle包管理
  • python
    • pip 包管理
    • miniAnaconda/anaconda包管理
  • elasticsearch镜像
    • kibana (elasticsearch管理工具)镜像
  • php镜像
    • composer 包管理镜像
  • msys2
    • msys2 安装qt5

linux

  • 推荐使用阿里云镜像https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ 包括了各种镜像
    • 备用镜像,清华,推荐https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/:https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/
    • 备用镜像,华为,推荐https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/:https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/
    1. 举例,ubuntu,访问https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11uHDvxz

github

  • 推荐使用chrome插件 https://github.com/jadezi/github-accelerator/ 访问github对应的网站自动展示加速连接
    • 国内镜像源1,推荐:https://hub.fastgit.org
    • 国内镜像源2:https://github.com.cnpmjs.org 这个没有上面的快点

nodejs

  • nodejs 安装

    镜像源:npm.taobao.com

    官方地址:nodejs.org

    • 直接下载安装(推荐使用nvm管理nodejs版本自由切换):

      • 下载地址: http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node 选择对应的版本下载安装即可
  • nodejs 配置国内npm源,参考npm nodejs包管理工具配置

nvm

  • linux或者mac

    镜像源:https://hub.fastgit.org/nvm-sh/nvm

    官方地址:https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm

    • 安装
      • linux或者mac安装,镜像:
           curl -o- https://raw.fastgit.org/nvm-sh/nvm/master/install.sh | bash
           或者
           wget -qO- https://raw.fastgit.org/nvm-sh/nvm/master/install.sh | bash
        
      • linux或者mac安装,官方:
           curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.35.3/install.sh | bash
           或者
           wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.35.3/install.sh | bash
        
    • 配置国内源
      • 设置环境变量:NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR,bash编辑/.bashrc,zsh编辑/.zshrc
          export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node
      
  • windows

    镜像源:https://hub.fastgit.org/coreybutler/nvm-windows

    官方推荐地址:https://github.com/coreybutler/nvm-windows

    • 安装

      • 镜像:
        https://hub.fastgit.org/coreybutler/nvm-windows/releases 下载最新的版本
      • 官方:
        https://github.com/coreybutler/nvm-windows/releases/ 下载最新的版本
    • 配置国内源

      • 设置
          nvm node_mirror http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node
          nvm npm_mirror https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/npm/
      

yarn

  • yarn 安装

    官方地址:https://yarnpkg.com/

    • 需要首先安装nodejs
    • 然后使用npm安装yarn或者更新
      npm i -g yarn 
      或者
      npm install -g yarn 
      
  • 配置国内源

    yarn config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
    

npm

  • npm 默认安装nodejs后就已经有了,使用以下命令查看
    npm -v
    
  • npm更新,一下不适用于nvm安装的node
    npm i -g npm 
    
  • 配置国内源,最简单的一种方式,自动配置淘宝源中多个配置
    npm install -g mirror-config-china
    

jdk

  • java jdk 安装
    • 华为镜像,oracle的jdk有商业版权,没有最新版本下载 https://repo.huaweicloud.com/java/jdk/
    • 官方下载速度不慢,目前需要注册登录oracle账号才能下载(百度搜索:jdk下载账号) https://www.oracle.com/cn/java/
    • openjdk 镜像下载有很很多,比如清华 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/AdoptOpenJDK
  • 配置现在一般都不需要配置

maven

  • maven安装,apache比较良心,下载相关的基本都自带镜像 http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi

    • 在此页面下载,默认自动选择最快的镜像 http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi
  • 配置国内源

    • 打开 maven 的配置文件( windows 机器一般在 maven 安装目录的 conf/settings.xml 或者用户目录下.m2/setting.xml ),在标签中添加 mirror 子节点, https://maven.aliyun.com/mvn/guide
    <mirror>
      <id>alimavenid>
      <name>aliyun mavenname>
      <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/publicurl>
      <mirrorOf>centralmirrorOf>
    mirror>
    
    <mirror>
      <id>jcenterid>
      <name>jcentername>
      <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/centralurl>
      <mirrorOf>centralmirrorOf>
    mirror>
    
    <mirror>
      <id>googleid>
      <name>googlename>
      <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/googleurl>
      <mirrorOf>centralmirrorOf>
    mirror>
    
    <mirror>
      <id>springid>
      <name>aliyun maven springname>
      <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/springurl>
      <mirrorOf>centralmirrorOf>
    mirror>
    
    <mirror>
      <id>spring-pluginid>
      <name>aliyun maven spring-pluginname>
      <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/spring-pluginurl>
      <mirrorOf>centralmirrorOf>
    mirror>
    
    <mirror>
      <id>gradle-pluginid>
      <name>aliyun maven gradle-pluginname>
      <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/gradle-pluginurl>
      <mirrorOf>centralmirrorOf>
    mirror>
    
    <mirror>
      <id>grails-coreid>
      <name>aliyun maven grails-corename>
      <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/grails-coreurl>
      <mirrorOf>centralmirrorOf>
    mirror>
    
    <mirror>
      <id>apache snapshotsid>
      <name>aliyun maven apache snapshotsname>
      <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/apache-snapshotsurl>
      <mirrorOf>centralmirrorOf>
    mirror>
    
    

gradle

  • gradle 安装

    • 镜像,目前没有查询到国内下载gradle镜像的地址,大家知道的欢迎提供
    • 官网 https://services.gradle.org/distributions/
  • gradle 配置

    终极配置,在用户目录下~/.gradle/目录下增加init.gradle文件,内容如下

     allprojects {
     	buildscript {
     		repositories {
     			mavenLocal()
     			def NEXUS_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public'
     			def jcenter_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/jcenter'
     			def m2_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/gradle-plugin'
     			def spring_plugin_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/spring-plugin'
     			def spring_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/spring'
     			def GOOGLE_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google'
     			all { ArtifactRepository repo ->
     				if(repo instanceof MavenArtifactRepository){
     					def url = repo.url.toString()
     					if (url.startsWith('https://repo1.maven.org/maven2') || url.startsWith('https://jcenter.bintray.com') || 		url.startsWith('http://mirrors.ibiblio.org')) {
     						project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $jcenter_URL."
     						remove repo
     					} else if (url.startsWith('https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/')) {
     						project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $m2_URL."
     						remove repo
     					} else if (url.startsWith('http://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone/')) {
     						project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $spring_URL."
     						remove repo
     					} else if (url.startsWith('http://repo.spring.io/plugins-release/')) {
     						project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $spring_plugin_URL."
     						remove repo
                        // 这里是安卓相关下载的加速,本地没有出现下载慢的情况,所以这个就屏蔽了
     					//}else if (url.startsWith('https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/')) {
     					//	project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $GOOGLE_URL."
     					//	println("buildscript ${repo.url} replaced by $GOOGLE_URL.")
     					//	remove repo
     					}
     				}
     			}
     			
     			maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
     			maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/spring' }
     			maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/spring-plugin' }
     			maven { url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/grails-core" }
     			maven { url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/apache-snapshots" }
     			maven { url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/gradle-plugin" }
     			maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
     			jcenter {
     				url jcenter_URL
     			}
     			maven {
     				url NEXUS_URL
     			}
     		}
     	
     	}
         repositories {
             mavenLocal()
     		def NEXUS_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public'
     		def jcenter_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/jcenter'
     		def m2_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/gradle-plugin'
     		def spring_plugin_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/spring-plugin'
     		def spring_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/spring'
     		def GOOGLE_URL = 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google'
             all { ArtifactRepository repo ->
                 if(repo instanceof MavenArtifactRepository){
                     def url = repo.url.toString()
                     if (url.startsWith('https://repo1.maven.org/maven2') || url.startsWith('https://jcenter.bintray.com') || 		url.startsWith('http://mirrors.ibiblio.org')) {
                         project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $jcenter_URL."
                         remove repo
                     } else if (url.startsWith('https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/')) {
                         project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $m2_URL."
                         remove repo
                     } else if (url.startsWith('http://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone/')) {
                         project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $spring_URL."
                         remove repo
                     } else if (url.startsWith('http://repo.spring.io/plugins-release/')) {
                         project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $spring_plugin_URL."
                         remove repo
                    // 这里是安卓相关下载的加速,本地没有出现下载慢的情况,所以这个就屏蔽了
                    //}else if (url.startsWith('https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/')) {
     				//	project.logger.lifecycle "Repository ${repo.url} replaced by $GOOGLE_URL."
     				//	println("buildscript ${repo.url} replaced by $GOOGLE_URL.")
     				//	remove repo
     				}
                 }
             }
             
     		maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
             maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/spring' }
             maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/spring-plugin' }
     		maven { url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/grails-core" }
             maven { url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/apache-snapshots" }
             maven { url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/gradle-plugin" }
     		maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
             jcenter {
     			url jcenter_URL
     		}
     		maven {
     			url NEXUS_URL
     		}
         }
     }
    
    

python

  • python 安装
    • windows 系统安装,直接下载安装包
      • 阿里云镜像,https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/python/
      • 官方下载,https://www.python.org/downloads/
    • linux 系统默认自带python,需要单独安装新版本,linux系统镜像配置请参考linux系统镜像源
      • ubuntu
          sudo apt-get update
          sudo apt-cache search python3*
          sudo apt-get install python3.8 # python3.5 python3.6 python3.7 等,python3.8是当前书写的时候最新稳定版本
      
      • centos
          sudo yum install epel-release -y
          sudo yum -y update
          sudo yum list python3* # 使用此命令查看当前支持的python3版本
          sudo yum install python37 # python35 python36 python37 等,python38是当前书写的时候最新稳定版本
      

pip

  • pip 安装 python 安装成功后,默认自带pip
  • 阿里云镜像说明,https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi
    • windows 下配置
      mkdir %USERPROFILE%\.pip\
      start %USERPROFILE%\.pip\
      
      • 在这个目录下创建pip.conf文件(推荐使用notepad++)
        写入内容如下:
      [global]
      index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
      
      [install]
      trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
      
    • linux
      mkdir -p ~/.pip
      # ubuntu 桌面下可以使用 gedit ~/.pip/pip.conf
      # vi 入门可以参考 https://github.com/wsdjeg/vim-galore-zh_cn
      vi ~/.pip/pip.conf
      
      写入内容如下:
      [global]
      index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
      
      [install]
      trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
      

miniAnaconda

  • (一般使用miniAnaconda,anaconda占用空间大,土豪可以直接忽略)清华镜像源,这里包括了anaconda的安装配置说明,https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/anaconda/
  • 安装 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/ 下载对应的文件执行
    • windows安装
      下载最新的exe文件安装
    • linux安装
      wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/Miniconda3-py38_4.8.3-Linux-x86_64.sh
      sh Miniconda3-py38_4.8.3-Linux-x86_64.sh.sh
      
  • 配置镜像
    • windows 下配置
      conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
      start %USERPROFILE%\
      
      • 在这个目录下编辑.condarc文件(推荐使用notepad++编辑,如果看不到这个文件,请打开windows系统的隐藏文件选项)
        写入内容如下:
      channels:
        - defaults
      show_channel_urls: true
      channel_alias: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda
      default_channels:
        - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
        - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
        - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
        - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro
        - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
      custom_channels:
        conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
        msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
        bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
        menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
        pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
        simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
      
    • linux
      conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
      # ubuntu 桌面下可以使用 gedit ~/.condarc
      # vi 入门可以参考 https://github.com/wsdjeg/vim-galore-zh_cn
      vi ~/.condarc
      
      写入内容如下:
      channels:
        - defaults
      show_channel_urls: true
      channel_alias: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda
      default_channels:
        - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
        - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
        - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
        - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro
        - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
      custom_channels:
        conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
        msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
        bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
        menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
        pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
        simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
      

elasticsearch

  • elasticsearch 安装
    • 华为云镜像,https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/elasticsearch/
    • 官方下载,https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/elasticsearch

kibana

  • kibana (elasticsearch管理工具) 安装,需要下载与elasticsearch版本一致
    • 华为云镜像,https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/kibana/
    • 官方下载,https://elastic.co/downloads/kibana

php

  • 官方下载速度不慢,https://downloads.php.net/
  • php 安装
    • windows下
      • 一般使用phpstudy,简单方便 https://m.xp.cn/
    • linux 下
      • 一键安装脚本 https://lnmp.org/install.html
      • 阿里云参考教程,https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/97251.html

composer

  • 安装和配置参考,https://pkg.phpcomposer.com/#how-to-install-composer
  • 国内镜像用法参考,https://pkg.phpcomposer.com/#how-to-use-packagist-mirror

msys2

  • msys2 安装,清华镜像,https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/msys2/

msys2-qt5

  • msys2 安装,清华镜像,https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/msys2/
  • 配置镜像源
    1. 修改C:\msys64\etc\pacman.d(默认安装在c盘下面)下面得mirrorlist.*文件,把清华镜像相关得移动到最前面
    2. 安装
    # 更新系统包
    pacman -Syu
    # 基础包
    pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake bash wget p7zip pacman pacman-mirrors msys2-runtime
    # qt5
    pacman -S  mingw-w64-x86_64-clang mingw-w64-x86_64-clang-tools-extra  mingw-w64-x86_64-clang-analyzer mingw-w64-x86_64-qt5  mingw-w64-x86_64-qt-creator 
    

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