new Vue经历了什么

当你调用new Vue()时，Vue内部会发生以下一系列的过程：

1. Vue会创建一个Vue实例对象，它将成为你应用程序的根实例。

2. Vue会对根实例进行初始化。它会进行一些内部的配置和初始化操作，例如创建响应式的数据代理、实例化观察者等。

3. Vue会解析和编译根实例的模板。它会根据模板生成对应的虚拟DOM。

4. Vue会监听数据的变化。它会将根实例的数据进行响应式处理，当数据发生变化时，Vue会自动更新相关的视图。

5. Vue会创建一个渲染函数。它会根据虚拟DOM和数据生成渲染函数。

6. Vue会将渲染函数挂载到根实例上，并将虚拟DOM渲染成真实的DOM，并将其插入到页面中。

7. Vue会监听事件。当用户与视图进行交互时，Vue会监听相关的事件，并执行对应的逻辑。

8. Vue会维护一个组件树。你可以在根实例中注册和使用组件，Vue会根据组件的层次关系进行组件的渲染和更新。

总的来说，new Vue()会触发Vue的初始化过程，包括创建根实例、解析模板、数据响应式处理、渲染和更新视图等。这些过程使得Vue能够实现响应式的数据绑定和组件化开发。

new Vue()

import { initMixin } from './init'
import { stateMixin } from './state'
import { renderMixin } from './render'
import { eventsMixin } from './events'
import { lifecycleMixin } from './lifecycle'
function Vue(options) {
  if (__DEV__ && !(this instanceof Vue)) {
    warn('Vue is a constructor and should be called with the `new` keyword')
  }
  this._init(options)
}
initMixin(Vue) // 给vue添_init方法
stateMixin(Vue) // $set $watch $delete
eventsMixin(Vue) // $emit $on $off $once
lifecycleMixin(Vue) // _update $forceupdate $destroy
renderMixin(Vue) // _render $nextTick

initMixin

function initMixin(Vue) {
  Vue.prototype._init = function (options) {
    const vm = this
    if (options && options._isComponent) {
      // optimize internal component instantiation
      // since dynamic options merging is pretty slow, and none of the
      // internal component options needs special treatment.
      initInternalComponent(vm, options as any)
    } else {
      vm.$options = mergeOptions(
        resolveConstructorOptions(vm.constructor as any),
        options || {},
        vm
      )
    }
    initLifecycle(vm)
    initEvents(vm)
    initRender(vm)
    callHook(vm, 'beforeCreate')
    initInjections(vm) // resolve injections before data/props
    initState(vm)
    initProvide(vm) // resolve provide after data/props
    callHook(vm, 'created')
    if (vm.$options.el) {
      vm.$mount(vm.$options.el)
    }
  }
}

initState

function initState(vm: Component) {
  const opts = vm.$options
  if (opts.props) initProps(vm, opts.props)

  // Composition API
  initSetup(vm)

  if (opts.methods) initMethods(vm, opts.methods)
  if (opts.data) {
    initData(vm)
  } else {
    const ob = observe((vm._data = {}))
    ob && ob.vmCount++
  }
  if (opts.computed) initComputed(vm, opts.computed)
  if (opts.watch && opts.watch !== nativeWatch) {
    initWatch(vm, opts.watch)
  }
}

observe

export function observe(
  value: any,
  shallow?: boolean,
  ssrMockReactivity?: boolean
): Observer | void {
  if (value && hasOwn(value, '__ob__') && value.__ob__ instanceof Observer) {
    return value.__ob__
  }
  if (
    shouldObserve &&
    (ssrMockReactivity || !isServerRendering()) &&
    (isArray(value) || isPlainObject(value)) &&
    Object.isExtensible(value) &&
    !value.__v_skip /* ReactiveFlags.SKIP */ &&
    !isRef(value) &&
    !(value instanceof VNode)
  ) {
    return new Observer(value, shallow, ssrMockReactivity)
  }
}

new Observer

import { arrayMethods } from './array'
export class Observer {
  dep: Dep
  vmCount: number // number of vms that have this object as root $data

  constructor(public value: any, public shallow = false, public mock = false) {
    // this.value = value
    this.dep = mock ? mockDep : new Dep()
    this.vmCount = 0
    def(value, '__ob__', this)
    if (isArray(value)) {
      if (!mock) {
        if (hasProto) {
         value.__proto__ = arrayMethods
        } else {
          for (let i = 0, l = arrayKeys.length; i < l; i++) {
            const key = arrayKeys[i]
            def(value, key, arrayMethods[key])
          }
        }
      }
      if (!shallow) {
        this.observeArray(value)
      }
    } else {
	const keys = Object.keys(value)
      for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
        const key = keys[i]
        defineReactive(value, key, NO_INIITIAL_VALUE, undefined, shallow, mock)
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Observe a list of Array items.
   */
  observeArray(value: any[]) {
    for (let i = 0, l = value.length; i < l; i++) {
      observe(value[i], false, this.mock)
    }
  }
}

defineReactive

export function defineReactive(
  obj: object,
  key: string,
  val?: any,
  customSetter?: Function | null,
  shallow?: boolean,
  mock?: boolean
) {
  const dep = new Dep()

  const property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key)
  if (property && property.configurable === false) {
    return
  }

  // cater for pre-defined getter/setters
  const getter = property && property.get
  const setter = property && property.set
  if (
    (!getter || setter) &&
    (val === NO_INIITIAL_VALUE || arguments.length === 2)
  ) {
    val = obj[key]
  }

  let childOb = !shallow && observe(val, false, mock)
  Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
    enumerable: true,
    configurable: true,
    get: function reactiveGetter() {
      const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
      if (Dep.target) {
        if (__DEV__) {
          dep.depend({
            target: obj,
            type: TrackOpTypes.GET,
            key
          })
        } else {
          dep.depend()
        }
        if (childOb) {
          childOb.dep.depend()
          if (isArray(value)) {
            dependArray(value)
          }
        }
      }
      return isRef(value) && !shallow ? value.value : value
    },
    set: function reactiveSetter(newVal) {
      const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
      if (!hasChanged(value, newVal)) {
        return
      }
      if (__DEV__ && customSetter) {
        customSetter()
      }
      if (setter) {
        setter.call(obj, newVal)
      } else if (getter) {
        // #7981: for accessor properties without setter
        return
      } else if (!shallow && isRef(value) && !isRef(newVal)) {
        value.value = newVal
        return
      } else {
        val = newVal
      }
      childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal, false, mock)
      if (__DEV__) {
        dep.notify({
          type: TriggerOpTypes.SET,
          target: obj,
          key,
          newValue: newVal,
          oldValue: value
        })
      } else {
        dep.notify()
      }
    }
  })

  return dep
}

arrayMethods

import { def } from '../util/index'

const arrayProto = Array.prototype
export const arrayMethods = Object.create(arrayProto)

const methodsToPatch = [
  'push',
  'pop',
  'shift',
  'unshift',
  'splice',
  'sort',
  'reverse'
]

/**
 * Intercept mutating methods and emit events
 */
methodsToPatch.forEach(function (method) {
  // cache original method
  const original = arrayProto[method]
  def(arrayMethods, method, function mutator(...args) {
    const result = original.apply(this, args)
    const ob = this.__ob__
    let inserted
    switch (method) {
      case 'push':
      case 'unshift':
        inserted = args
        break
      case 'splice':
        inserted = args.slice(2)
        break
    }
    if (inserted) ob.observeArray(inserted)
    // notify change
    if (__DEV__) {
      ob.dep.notify({
        type: TriggerOpTypes.ARRAY_MUTATION,
        target: this,
        key: method
      })
    } else {
      ob.dep.notify()
    }
    return result
  })
})

Vue.prototype.$mount

import { patch } from './patch'
Vue.prototype.__patch__ =  patch 
Vue.prototype.$mount = function (
  el?: string | Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  el = el && inBrowser ? query(el) : undefined
  return mountComponent(this, el, hydrating)
}

Vue.prototype.$mount

const mount = Vue.prototype.$mount
Vue.prototype.$mount = function (
  el?: string | Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  el = el && query(el)

  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (el === document.body || el === document.documentElement) {
    __DEV__ &&
      warn(
        `Do not mount Vue to  or  - mount to normal elements instead.`
      )
    return this
  }

  const options = this.$options
  // resolve template/el and convert to render function
  if (!options.render) {
    let template = options.template
    if (template) {
      if (typeof template === 'string') {
        if (template.charAt(0) === '#') {
          template = idToTemplate(template)
          /* istanbul ignore if */
          if (__DEV__ && !template) {
            warn(
              `Template element not found or is empty: ${options.template}`,
              this
            )
          }
        }
      } else if (template.nodeType) {
        template = template.innerHTML
      } else {
        if (__DEV__) {
          warn('invalid template option:' + template, this)
        }
        return this
      }
    } else if (el) {
      // @ts-expect-error
      template = getOuterHTML(el)
    }
    if (template) {
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (__DEV__ && config.performance && mark) {
        mark('compile')
      }
      const { render, staticRenderFns } = compileToFunctions(
        template,
        {
          outputSourceRange: __DEV__,
          shouldDecodeNewlines,
          shouldDecodeNewlinesForHref,
          delimiters: options.delimiters,
          comments: options.comments
        },
        this
      )
      options.render = render
      options.staticRenderFns = staticRenderFns
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (__DEV__ && config.performance && mark) {
        mark('compile end')
        measure(`vue ${this._name} compile`, 'compile', 'compile end')
      }
    }
  }
  return mount.call(this, el, hydrating)
}

mountComponent

export function mountComponent(
  vm,
  el: Element | null | undefined,
  hydrating?: boolean
) {
  vm.$el = el
  if (!vm.$options.render) {
    vm.$options.render = createEmptyVNode
  }
  callHook(vm, 'beforeMount')
  let updateComponent = () => {
    vm._update(
    	vm._render(), hydrating
    )
  }
  const watcherOptions: WatcherOptions = {
    before() {
      if (vm._isMounted && !vm._isDestroyed) {
        callHook(vm, 'beforeUpdate')
      }
    }
  }
  new Watcher(
    vm,
    updateComponent,
    noop,
    watcherOptions,
    true /* isRenderWatcher */
  )
  hydrating = false
  const preWatchers = vm._preWatchers
  if (preWatchers) {
    for (let i = 0; i < preWatchers.length; i++) {
      preWatchers[i].run()
    }
  }
  if (vm.$vnode == null) {
    vm._isMounted = true
    callHook(vm, 'mounted')
  }
  return vm
}

Vue.prototype._update

export function lifecycleMixin(Vue: typeof Component) {
  Vue.prototype._update = function (vnode: VNode, hydrating?: boolean) {
    const vm: Component = this
    const prevEl = vm.$el
    const prevVnode = vm._vnode
    const restoreActiveInstance = setActiveInstance(vm)
    vm._vnode = vnode
    if (!prevVnode) {
      // initial render
      vm.$el = vm.__patch__(vm.$el, vnode, hydrating, false /* removeOnly */)
    } else {
      // updates
      vm.$el = vm.__patch__(prevVnode, vnode)
    }
    restoreActiveInstance()
    // update __vue__ reference
    if (prevEl) {
      prevEl.__vue__ = null
    }
    if (vm.$el) {
      vm.$el.__vue__ = vm
    }
    // if parent is an HOC, update its $el as well
    let wrapper: Component | undefined = vm
    while (
      wrapper &&
      wrapper.$vnode &&
      wrapper.$parent &&
      wrapper.$vnode === wrapper.$parent._vnode
    ) {
      wrapper.$parent.$el = wrapper.$el
      wrapper = wrapper.$parent
    }
    // updated hook is called by the scheduler to ensure that children are
    // updated in a parent's updated hook.
  }
  Vue.prototype.$forceUpdate = function () {}
  Vue.prototype.$destroy = function () {}
}

Vue.prototype._render

function renderMixin(Vue: typeof Component) {
  Vue.prototype.$nextTick = function () {}
  Vue.prototype._render = function (): VNode {
    const vm: Component = this
    const { render, _parentVnode } = vm.$options
    if (_parentVnode && vm._isMounted) {
      vm.$scopedSlots = normalizeScopedSlots(
        vm.$parent!,
        _parentVnode.data!.scopedSlots,
        vm.$slots,
        vm.$scopedSlots
      )
      if (vm._slotsProxy) {
        syncSetupSlots(vm._slotsProxy, vm.$scopedSlots)
      }
    }
    vm.$vnode = _parentVnode!
    let vnode
    try {
      setCurrentInstance(vm)
      currentRenderingInstance = vm
      vnode = render.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement)
    } catch (e: any) {
      handleError(e, vm, `render`)
      vnode = vm._vnode
    } finally {
      currentRenderingInstance = null
      setCurrentInstance()
    }
    if (isArray(vnode) && vnode.length === 1) {
      vnode = vnode[0]
    }
    if (!(vnode instanceof VNode)) {
      vnode = createEmptyVNode()
    }
    vnode.parent = _parentVnode
    return vnode
  }
}

patch

const patch = createPatchFunction({ nodeOps, modules })
Vue.prototype.__patch__ = patch
export function createPatchFunction(backend) {
  return function patch(oldVnode, vnode) {
    const isRealElement = isDef(oldVnode.nodeType)
    if (!isRealElement && sameVnode(oldVnode, vnode)) {
      patchVnode(oldVnode, vnode)
    } else {
      createElm(vnode)
    }
    return vnode.elm
  }
}

patchVnode

function patchVnode(
  oldVnode,
  vnode,
  insertedVnodeQueue,
  ownerArray,
  index,
  removeOnly?: any
) {
  if (oldVnode === vnode) {
    return
  }

  if (isDef(vnode.elm) && isDef(ownerArray)) {
    // clone reused vnode
    vnode = ownerArray[index] = cloneVNode(vnode)
  }

  const elm = (vnode.elm = oldVnode.elm)

  if (isTrue(oldVnode.isAsyncPlaceholder)) {
    if (isDef(vnode.asyncFactory.resolved)) {
      hydrate(oldVnode.elm, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
    } else {
      vnode.isAsyncPlaceholder = true
    }
    return
  }

  // reuse element for static trees.
  // note we only do this if the vnode is cloned -
  // if the new node is not cloned it means the render functions have been
  // reset by the hot-reload-api and we need to do a proper re-render.
  if (
    isTrue(vnode.isStatic) &&
    isTrue(oldVnode.isStatic) &&
    vnode.key === oldVnode.key &&
    (isTrue(vnode.isCloned) || isTrue(vnode.isOnce))
  ) {
    vnode.componentInstance = oldVnode.componentInstance
    return
  }

  let i
  const data = vnode.data
  if (isDef(data) && isDef((i = data.hook)) && isDef((i = i.prepatch))) {
    i(oldVnode, vnode)
  }

  const oldCh = oldVnode.children
  const ch = vnode.children
  if (isDef(data) && isPatchable(vnode)) {
    for (i = 0; i < cbs.update.length; ++i) cbs.update[i](oldVnode, vnode)
    if (isDef((i = data.hook)) && isDef((i = i.update))) i(oldVnode, vnode)
  }
  if (isUndef(vnode.text)) {
    if (isDef(oldCh) && isDef(ch)) {
      if (oldCh !== ch)
        updateChildren(elm, oldCh, ch, insertedVnodeQueue, removeOnly)
    } else if (isDef(ch)) {
      if (__DEV__) {
        checkDuplicateKeys(ch)
      }
      if (isDef(oldVnode.text)) nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, '')
      addVnodes(elm, null, ch, 0, ch.length - 1, insertedVnodeQueue)
    } else if (isDef(oldCh)) {
      removeVnodes(oldCh, 0, oldCh.length - 1)
    } else if (isDef(oldVnode.text)) {
      nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, '')
    }
  } else if (oldVnode.text !== vnode.text) {
    nodeOps.setTextContent(elm, vnode.text)
  }
  if (isDef(data)) {
    if (isDef((i = data.hook)) && isDef((i = i.postpatch))) i(oldVnode, vnode)
  }
}

updateChildren

function updateChildren(
  parentElm,
  oldCh,
  newCh,
  insertedVnodeQueue,
  removeOnly
) {
  let oldStartIdx = 0
  let newStartIdx = 0
  let oldEndIdx = oldCh.length - 1
  let oldStartVnode = oldCh[0]
  let oldEndVnode = oldCh[oldEndIdx]
  let newEndIdx = newCh.length - 1
  let newStartVnode = newCh[0]
  let newEndVnode = newCh[newEndIdx]
  let oldKeyToIdx, idxInOld, vnodeToMove, refElm
  const canMove = !removeOnly
  while (oldStartIdx <= oldEndIdx && newStartIdx <= newEndIdx) {
    if (isUndef(oldStartVnode)) {
      oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx] // Vnode has been moved left
    } else if (isUndef(oldEndVnode)) {
      oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
    } else if (sameVnode(oldStartVnode, newStartVnode)) {
      patchVnode(
        oldStartVnode,
        newStartVnode,
        insertedVnodeQueue,
        newCh,
        newStartIdx
      )
      oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx]
      newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
    } else if (sameVnode(oldEndVnode, newEndVnode)) {
      patchVnode(
        oldEndVnode,
        newEndVnode,
        insertedVnodeQueue,
        newCh,
        newEndIdx
      )
      oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
      newEndVnode = newCh[--newEndIdx]
    } else if (sameVnode(oldStartVnode, newEndVnode)) {
      // Vnode moved right
      patchVnode(
        oldStartVnode,
        newEndVnode,
        insertedVnodeQueue,
        newCh,
        newEndIdx
      )
      canMove &&
        nodeOps.insertBefore(
          parentElm,
          oldStartVnode.elm,
          nodeOps.nextSibling(oldEndVnode.elm)
        )
      oldStartVnode = oldCh[++oldStartIdx]
      newEndVnode = newCh[--newEndIdx]
    } else if (sameVnode(oldEndVnode, newStartVnode)) {
      patchVnode(
        oldEndVnode,
        newStartVnode,
        insertedVnodeQueue,
        newCh,
        newStartIdx
      )
      canMove &&
        nodeOps.insertBefore(parentElm, oldEndVnode.elm, oldStartVnode.elm)
      oldEndVnode = oldCh[--oldEndIdx]
      newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
    } else {
      if (isUndef(oldKeyToIdx))
        oldKeyToIdx = createKeyToOldIdx(oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
      idxInOld = isDef(newStartVnode.key)
        ? oldKeyToIdx[newStartVnode.key]
        : findIdxInOld(newStartVnode, oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
      if (isUndef(idxInOld)) {
        // New element
        createElm(
          newStartVnode,
          insertedVnodeQueue,
          parentElm,
          oldStartVnode.elm,
          false,
          newCh,
          newStartIdx
        )
      } else {
        vnodeToMove = oldCh[idxInOld]
        if (sameVnode(vnodeToMove, newStartVnode)) {
          patchVnode(
            vnodeToMove,
            newStartVnode,
            insertedVnodeQueue,
            newCh,
            newStartIdx
          )
          oldCh[idxInOld] = undefined
          canMove &&
            nodeOps.insertBefore(
              parentElm,
              vnodeToMove.elm,
              oldStartVnode.elm
            )
        } else {
          // same key but different element. treat as new element
          createElm(
            newStartVnode,
            insertedVnodeQueue,
            parentElm,
            oldStartVnode.elm,
            false,
            newCh,
            newStartIdx
          )
        }
      }
      newStartVnode = newCh[++newStartIdx]
    }
  }
  if (oldStartIdx > oldEndIdx) {
    refElm = isUndef(newCh[newEndIdx + 1]) ? null : newCh[newEndIdx + 1].elm
    addVnodes(
      parentElm,
      refElm,
      newCh,
      newStartIdx,
      newEndIdx,
      insertedVnodeQueue
    )
  } else if (newStartIdx > newEndIdx) {
    removeVnodes(oldCh, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx)
  }
}