Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试

开发完接口,接下来我们需要对我们开发的接口进行测试。接口测试的方法比较多,使用接口工具或者Python来测试都可以,工具方面比如之前我们学习过的Postman或者Jmeter ,Python脚本测试可以使用Requests + unittest来测试。

测试思路

  • 功能测试:数据的增删改查
  • 异常测试:未授权,参数异常等

Postman测试

使用测试工具Postman测试结果如下所示:

user接口测试

查询所有用户

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第1张图片

创建用户

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第2张图片

修改用户

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第3张图片

删除用户

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第4张图片

未授权测试

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第5张图片

groups接口测试

查询所有groups数据

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第6张图片

修改group数据

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第7张图片

删除groups

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第8张图片

Requests+Unittest

api目录下面新建一个test_unittest.py,代码实现如下:

tests_unittest.py


import requests
import unittest

class UserTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'
        self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')

    def test_get_user(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')


    def test_add_user(self):
        form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'[email protected]','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')


    def test_delete_user(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)

    def test_update_user(self):
        form_data={'email':'[email protected]'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')


    def test_no_auth(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')

class GroupTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'
        self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')

    def test_group_developer(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/7/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Developer')

    def test_add_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Pm'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')

    def test_update_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Boss'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')

    def test_detele_group(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Django自带测试模块

打开api目录下面的tests文件,编写如下测试代码

tests.py


from django.test import TestCase
import requests

# Create your tests here.
class UserTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'
        self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxx')

    def test_get_user(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')

    # @unittest.skip('skip add user')
    def test_add_user(self):
        form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'[email protected]','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')

    # @unittest.skip('skip test_delete_user')
    def test_delete_user(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)

    def test_update_user(self):
        form_data={'email':'[email protected]'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')

    def test_user_already_exists(self):
        form_data = {'username': 'zxw222', 'email': '[email protected]', 'groups': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
        r = requests.post(self.base_url + '/', data=form_data, auth=self.auth)
        result = r.json()
        #预期返回值:{"username":["A user with that username already exists."]}
        self.assertEqual(result['username'][0], 'A user with that username already exists.')

    def test_no_auth(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')

class GroupTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'
        self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxxx')

    def test_group_developer(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/3/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')

    # @unittest.skip('skip test_add_group')
    def test_add_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Leader'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Leader')

    def test_update_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Boss'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')

    def test_detele_group(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)


运行方式:打开cmd使用如下命令来运行即可:

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test

上面命令是默认测试全部的用例,如果想测试部分用例则可以使用如下命令:

测试指定的测试类

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest

测试具体的某一条具体用例

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest.test_get_user

报错相关

1.迁移数据库时没有权限写入

File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.InternalError: (7, "Error on rename of '.\\httprunnermanager\\#sql-1178_7.frm' to '.\\httprunnermanager\\djcelery_taskstate.frm' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)")

原因:可能是杀毒软件通过阻止修改frm文件来解决此问题。通过在杀毒软件威胁防护高级选项中禁用按访问扫描,并杀毒软件设置为忽略这些扩展名来解决此问题

  1. 迁移数据库时没有清除之前的迁移文件migrations
  File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1050, "Table 'djcelery_crontabschedule' already exists")

解决方案:删除migrations文件夹即可。

  1. setting配置错误
raise MigrationSchemaMissing("Unable to create the django_migrations table (%s)" % exc)
django.db.migrations.exceptions.MigrationSchemaMissing: Unable to create the django_migrations table ((1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(6) NOT NULL)' at line 1"))

解决方案:Django2.1不再支持MySQL5.5,必须5.6版本以上 可以使用如下命令 查看当前Mysql版本

开发完接口,接下来我们需要对我们开发的接口进行测试。接口测试的方法比较多,使用接口工具或者Python来测试都可以,工具方面比如之前我们学习过的Postman或者Jmeter ,Python脚本测试可以使用Requests + unittest来测试。

测试思路

  • 功能测试:数据的增删改查
  • 异常测试:未授权,参数异常等

Postman测试

使用测试工具Postman测试结果如下所示:

user接口测试

查询所有用户

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第9张图片

创建用户

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第10张图片

修改用户

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第11张图片

删除用户

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第12张图片

未授权测试

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第13张图片

groups接口测试

查询所有groups数据

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第14张图片

修改group数据

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第15张图片

删除groups

Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试_第16张图片

Requests+Unittest

api目录下面新建一个test_unittest.py,代码实现如下:

tests_unittest.py


import requests
import unittest

class UserTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'
        self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')

    def test_get_user(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')


    def test_add_user(self):
        form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'[email protected]','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')


    def test_delete_user(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)

    def test_update_user(self):
        form_data={'email':'[email protected]'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')


    def test_no_auth(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')

class GroupTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'
        self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')

    def test_group_developer(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/7/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Developer')

    def test_add_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Pm'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')

    def test_update_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Boss'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')

    def test_detele_group(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Django自带测试模块

打开api目录下面的tests文件,编写如下测试代码

tests.py


from django.test import TestCase
import requests

# Create your tests here.
class UserTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'
        self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxx')

    def test_get_user(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')
        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')

    # @unittest.skip('skip add user')
    def test_add_user(self):
        form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'[email protected]','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')

    # @unittest.skip('skip test_delete_user')
    def test_delete_user(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)

    def test_update_user(self):
        form_data={'email':'[email protected]'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')

    def test_user_already_exists(self):
        form_data = {'username': 'zxw222', 'email': '[email protected]', 'groups': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
        r = requests.post(self.base_url + '/', data=form_data, auth=self.auth)
        result = r.json()
        #预期返回值:{"username":["A user with that username already exists."]}
        self.assertEqual(result['username'][0], 'A user with that username already exists.')

    def test_no_auth(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')

class GroupTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'
        self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxxx')

    def test_group_developer(self):
        r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/3/',auth=self.auth)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')

    # @unittest.skip('skip test_add_group')
    def test_add_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Leader'}
        r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Leader')

    def test_update_group(self):
        form_data={'name':'Boss'}
        r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
        result=r.json()

        self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')

    def test_detele_group(self):
        r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)

        self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)


运行方式:打开cmd使用如下命令来运行即可:

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test

上面命令是默认测试全部的用例,如果想测试部分用例则可以使用如下命令:

测试指定的测试类

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest

测试具体的某一条具体用例

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest.test_get_user

报错相关

1.迁移数据库时没有权限写入

File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.InternalError: (7, "Error on rename of '.\\httprunnermanager\\#sql-1178_7.frm' to '.\\httprunnermanager\\djcelery_taskstate.frm' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)")

原因:可能是杀毒软件通过阻止修改frm文件来解决此问题。通过在杀毒软件威胁防护高级选项中禁用按访问扫描,并杀毒软件设置为忽略这些扩展名来解决此问题

  1. 迁移数据库时没有清除之前的迁移文件migrations
  File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1050, "Table 'djcelery_crontabschedule' already exists")

解决方案:删除migrations文件夹即可。

  1. setting配置错误
raise MigrationSchemaMissing("Unable to create the django_migrations table (%s)" % exc)
django.db.migrations.exceptions.MigrationSchemaMissing: Unable to create the django_migrations table ((1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(6) NOT NULL)' at line 1"))

解决方案:Django2.1不再支持MySQL5.5,必须5.6版本以上 可以使用如下命令 查看当前Mysql版本

mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.1-dmr for Win64 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server (GPL))

最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人,礼尚往来总是要有的,这些资料,对于【软件测试】的朋友来说应该是最全面最完整的备战仓库,虽然不是什么很值钱的东西,如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走:

这些资料,对于【软件测试】的朋友来说应该是最全面最完整的备战仓库,这个仓库也陪伴上万个测试工程师们走过最艰难的路程,希望也能帮助到你! 

你可能感兴趣的:(软件测试,restful,lua,后端,软件测试,自动化测试,功能测试,程序人生)