Restful接口开发与测试—接口测试
开发完接口，接下来我们需要对我们开发的接口进行测试。接口测试的方法比较多，使用接口工具或者Python来测试都可以，工具方面比如之前我们学习过的Postman或者Jmeter ，Python脚本测试可以使用Requests + unittest来测试。
测试思路
- 功能测试：数据的增删改查
- 异常测试：未授权，参数异常等
Postman测试
使用测试工具Postman测试结果如下所示：
user接口测试
查询所有用户
创建用户
修改用户
删除用户
未授权测试
groups接口测试
查询所有groups数据
修改group数据
删除groups
Requests+Unittest
在api目录下面新建一个test_unittest.py，代码实现如下:
tests_unittest.py
import requests
import unittest
class UserTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'
self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')
def test_get_user(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')
self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
def test_add_user(self):
form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'[email protected]','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')
def test_delete_user(self):
r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)
self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
def test_update_user(self):
form_data={'email':'[email protected]'}
r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
def test_no_auth(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')
class GroupTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'
self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')
def test_group_developer(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/7/',auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Developer')
def test_add_group(self):
form_data={'name':'Pm'}
r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')
def test_update_group(self):
form_data={'name':'Boss'}
r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')
def test_detele_group(self):
r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)
self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
Django自带测试模块
打开api目录下面的tests文件，编写如下测试代码
tests.py
from django.test import TestCase
import requests
# Create your tests here.
class UserTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'
self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxx')
def test_get_user(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')
self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
# @unittest.skip('skip add user')
def test_add_user(self):
form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'[email protected]','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')
# @unittest.skip('skip test_delete_user')
def test_delete_user(self):
r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)
self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
def test_update_user(self):
form_data={'email':'[email protected]'}
r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
def test_user_already_exists(self):
form_data = {'username': 'zxw222', 'email': '[email protected]', 'groups': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
r = requests.post(self.base_url + '/', data=form_data, auth=self.auth)
result = r.json()
#预期返回值：{"username":["A user with that username already exists."]}
self.assertEqual(result['username'][0], 'A user with that username already exists.')
def test_no_auth(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')
class GroupTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'
self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxxx')
def test_group_developer(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/3/',auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')
# @unittest.skip('skip test_add_group')
def test_add_group(self):
form_data={'name':'Leader'}
r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Leader')
def test_update_group(self):
form_data={'name':'Boss'}
r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')
def test_detele_group(self):
r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)
self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
运行方式：打开cmd使用如下命令来运行即可：
D:\django_restful>python manage.py test
上面命令是默认测试全部的用例，如果想测试部分用例则可以使用如下命令：
测试指定的测试类
D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest
测试具体的某一条具体用例
D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest.test_get_user
报错相关
1.迁移数据库时没有权限写入
File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query
_mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.InternalError: (7, "Error on rename of '.\\httprunnermanager\\#sql-1178_7.frm' to '.\\httprunnermanager\\djcelery_taskstate.frm' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)")
原因：可能是杀毒软件通过阻止修改frm文件来解决此问题。通过在杀毒软件威胁防护高级选项中禁用按访问扫描，并杀毒软件设置为忽略这些扩展名来解决此问题
- 迁移数据库时没有清除之前的迁移文件
migrations
File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query
_mysql.connection.query(self, query)
_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1050, "Table 'djcelery_crontabschedule' already exists")
解决方案：删除migrations文件夹即可。
- setting配置错误
raise MigrationSchemaMissing("Unable to create the django_migrations table (%s)" % exc)
django.db.migrations.exceptions.MigrationSchemaMissing: Unable to create the django_migrations table ((1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(6) NOT NULL)' at line 1"))
解决方案：Django2.1不再支持MySQL5.5，必须5.6版本以上 可以使用如下命令 查看当前Mysql版本
开发完接口，接下来我们需要对我们开发的接口进行测试。接口测试的方法比较多，使用接口工具或者Python来测试都可以，工具方面比如之前我们学习过的Postman或者Jmeter ，Python脚本测试可以使用Requests + unittest来测试。
测试思路
- 功能测试：数据的增删改查
- 异常测试：未授权，参数异常等
Postman测试
使用测试工具Postman测试结果如下所示：
user接口测试
查询所有用户
创建用户
修改用户
删除用户
未授权测试
groups接口测试
查询所有groups数据
修改group数据
删除groups
Requests+Unittest
在api目录下面新建一个test_unittest.py，代码实现如下:
tests_unittest.py
import requests
import unittest
class UserTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'
self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')
def test_get_user(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')
self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
def test_add_user(self):
form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'[email protected]','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')
def test_delete_user(self):
r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)
self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
def test_update_user(self):
form_data={'email':'[email protected]'}
r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
def test_no_auth(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')
class GroupTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'
self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')
def test_group_developer(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/7/',auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Developer')
def test_add_group(self):
form_data={'name':'Pm'}
r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')
def test_update_group(self):
form_data={'name':'Boss'}
r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')
def test_detele_group(self):
r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)
self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
Django自带测试模块
打开api目录下面的tests文件，编写如下测试代码
tests.py
from django.test import TestCase
import requests
# Create your tests here.
class UserTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'
self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxx')
def test_get_user(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')
self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
# @unittest.skip('skip add user')
def test_add_user(self):
form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'[email protected]','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')
# @unittest.skip('skip test_delete_user')
def test_delete_user(self):
r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)
self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
def test_update_user(self):
form_data={'email':'[email protected]'}
r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['email'],'[email protected]')
def test_user_already_exists(self):
form_data = {'username': 'zxw222', 'email': '[email protected]', 'groups': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}
r = requests.post(self.base_url + '/', data=form_data, auth=self.auth)
result = r.json()
#预期返回值：{"username":["A user with that username already exists."]}
self.assertEqual(result['username'][0], 'A user with that username already exists.')
def test_no_auth(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')
class GroupTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'
self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxxx')
def test_group_developer(self):
r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/3/',auth=self.auth)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')
# @unittest.skip('skip test_add_group')
def test_add_group(self):
form_data={'name':'Leader'}
r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Leader')
def test_update_group(self):
form_data={'name':'Boss'}
r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)
result=r.json()
self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')
def test_detele_group(self):
r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)
self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)
运行方式：打开cmd使用如下命令来运行即可：
D:\django_restful>python manage.py test
上面命令是默认测试全部的用例，如果想测试部分用例则可以使用如下命令：
测试指定的测试类
D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest
测试具体的某一条具体用例
D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest.test_get_user
报错相关
1.迁移数据库时没有权限写入
File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query
_mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.InternalError: (7, "Error on rename of '.\\httprunnermanager\\#sql-1178_7.frm' to '.\\httprunnermanager\\djcelery_taskstate.frm' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)")
原因：可能是杀毒软件通过阻止修改frm文件来解决此问题。通过在杀毒软件威胁防护高级选项中禁用按访问扫描，并杀毒软件设置为忽略这些扩展名来解决此问题
- 迁移数据库时没有清除之前的迁移文件
migrations
File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query
_mysql.connection.query(self, query)
_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1050, "Table 'djcelery_crontabschedule' already exists")
解决方案：删除migrations文件夹即可。
- setting配置错误
raise MigrationSchemaMissing("Unable to create the django_migrations table (%s)" % exc)
django.db.migrations.exceptions.MigrationSchemaMissing: Unable to create the django_migrations table ((1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(6) NOT NULL)' at line 1"))
解决方案：Django2.1不再支持MySQL5.5，必须5.6版本以上 可以使用如下命令 查看当前Mysql版本
mysql -V
mysql Ver 8.0.1-dmr for Win64 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server (GPL))最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人，礼尚往来总是要有的，这些资料，对于【软件测试】的朋友来说应该是最全面最完整的备战仓库，虽然不是什么很值钱的东西，如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走：
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