Brazil has unveiled its plan to protect the Amazon. Critics say it's not enough
巴西公布保护亚马孙计划,批评人士:这还不够
The Brazilian government has presented a new official goal for fighting deforestation in the Amazon — a first for the administration of President Jair Bolsonaro. But critics say it's hardly enough.
巴西政府提出了一项新的官方目标,旨在打击亚马孙地区的毁林行为——这也是贾尔·博索纳罗总统领导的政府首次提出此类目标。但批评人士称,这还远远不够。
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Retired army general and vice-president Hamilton Mourao published the Amazon Plan 2021/2022 on the Brazilian official gazette on Wednesday. It prioritizes for deforestation mitigation five of the nine states within the "Legal Amazon," itself equivalent to some 60% of Brazil's territory.***
周三,退役陆军将军、巴西副总统汉密尔顿·莫朗在巴西政府公报上,公布了“2021-2022 亚马孙计划”。巴西的“法定亚马孙地区”共包含九个州,占到国土面积的 60% 左右。此次提出的计划把减少其中五个州的毁林面积作为重中之重。
Among the policy changes, the plan describes strengthening and merging agencies that surveil and fight illegal activities related to environment and land usage.*** It also calls to regularize land ownership and bring new economic alternatives to the people living in the region.
该计划提及了一系列政策变动。针对那些监管、打击与环境及土地使用相关的非法活动的政府机构,该计划称要强化其权力,进行合并整合。它还要求规范土地所有权,并为该地区人民提供发展经济的新型替代方案。
By 2022, the Amazon Plan also aims to lower annual deforestation loss to the average recorded between 2016 and 2020 — an area of approximately 8,700 square kilometers. It's a significant drop from the current level of destruction — Brazil's Institute of Space Research (INPE), which tracks forest loss by satellite, estimates that 11,088 square kilometers were lost to deforestation in 2020.
到 2022 年,亚马孙计划力图将每年因人为毁林而流失的森林面积,降低至 2016 至 2020 年间记录的平均水平,即约 8700 平方千米。这大大低于目前的破坏水平——巴西国家太空研究院(INPE)通过卫星对森林流失进行跟踪,据其估计,2020 年因人为毁林而消失的森林面积为 11088 平方千米。
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However, the 2022 target still allows for about 16% more deforestation than in the year before Bolsonaro took office — hardly a reversal of losses in the world's biggest rainforest, an essential bulwark in the effort against climate change.
但是,2022 年这一目标所允许的毁林面积,仍然比博索纳罗上台前一年高出 16% 左右——这很难扭转这片世界上最大的热带雨林正在消逝的趋势,而这片雨林是抵御气候变化的重要保障。
Carlos Nobre, one of Brazil's leading climate scientists, describes the 2022 deforestation goal as "very modest."
卡洛斯·诺布雷是巴西顶尖的气候科学家之一,他称这一为 2022 年制定的毁林目标是“非常保守的”。
"The official document by the Federal Government is very general and is not specific on actual measures that have shown pronounced positive effect in the past," Nobre adds.
诺布雷还补充道:“联邦政府的官方文件非常粗略,也没有明确提出在过去颇有成效的实际措施。”
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主编:Jojo
品控:Jojo
审核:夏天
重点词汇
unveil
/ʌnˈveɪl/
v.(首次)展示,介绍,推出;为……揭幕
相关词汇:veil(v. 遮盖,隐藏;用面纱遮住)
例句:A fine rain was beginning to veil the hills.(此处 fine 表示“细微的”)
词性拓展:veil(n. 面纱)
词根词缀:un-(表示“做……相反的动作”)
例句:Disney has unveiled ambitious plans to expand its streaming services.
deforestation
/diːˌfɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/
n. 人为毁林
相关词汇:forestation(n. 造林)
相关词汇:forest(n. 森林)
词根词缀:de-(表示“否定;取消;相反”)
相关词汇:deindustrialization(n. 去工业化)
gazette
/ɡəˈzet/
n.(政府的)公报;……报(用于报刊名称)
文化补充:16 世纪时,意大利威尼斯市政府首次发行了一份官方报刊。当时用一枚叫做 gazeta 的威尼斯小铜币即可购买一份这种报刊,因此威尼斯人将其称为 gazzetta。该词进入法语后写作 gazette。法国发行的第一份报纸就叫做 Gazette de France(《法国报》)。后来,英语也吸收了该词,并保留了其法语拼写方式,用来表示“公报”、“时事报”。
prioritize
/praɪˈɔːr.ə.taɪz/
v. 优先考虑(处理)
相关词汇:priority(n. 优先考虑的事)
例句:His priority is to find somewhere to live.
搭配短语:to prioritize time with family
mitigation
/ˌmɪt̬.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
n. 减轻,缓和
相关词汇:mitigate(v. 缓和、减轻(危害等))
英文释义:to make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad
搭配短语:to mitigate global warming
merge
/mɝːdʒ/
v. 合并;融合,融入
例句:She avoided reporters at the airport by merging into the crowds.
例句:The firm was merged into a bigger company.
surveil
/səˈveɪ/
v. 对……进行监视(或监督)
相关词汇:surveillance(n. 监视,监察)
例句:The suspects were kept under surveillance.
文化补充:back formation(逆构词),是指通过去除一个词的词缀来构成新词,于是构成的词反而比原来更短了,比如 surveil 源自 surveillance,edit(v. 编辑)源自 editor(n. 编辑)。
regularize
/ˈreɡ.jə.lɚ.aɪz/
v. 使……规范化,合法化
同义词:regularise(英式)
搭配短语:to regularize the procedure
allow for
考虑到,为……留出余地
例句:Remember to allow for extra time if you are travelling at rush hour.
take office
就职
相关词汇:office(n. 官职, 公职;办公室)
搭配短语:to run for office(竞选公职)
搭配短语:to be in office(正在任职)
搭配短语:to leave office(离职)
bulwark
/ˈbʊl.wɚk/
n. 保障,保护物;堡垒,壁垒
英文释义:something that protects you from dangerous or unpleasant situations
搭配短语:a bulwark against sth.
例句:Health workers have always been a bulwark against COVID-19.
leading
/ˈliː.dɪŋ/
adj. 顶级的,最重要的
相关词汇:lead(v. 领先;引领,带领)
例句:China leads the world in mobile payments.
pronounced
/prəˈnaʊnst/
adj. 显著的,明显的
英文释义:very great or noticeable
搭配短语:a pronounced Hunan accent
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