在Visual Studio 2012下编译lwip-2.1.3 httpd的makefsdata

步骤一 建立空白工程

新建一个工程，项目名称起名为makefsdata。
因为mkfsdata是一个控制台程序，所以我们要选择Win32 Console Application。

这里很重要，必须要勾选“Empty Project”选项，建立空项目：

建好的解决方案目录是C:\Users\Octopus\Desktop\makefsdata，工程目录是C:\Users\Octopus\Desktop\makefsdata\makefsdata。

步骤二 解压lwip-2.1.3的部分头文件和源文件

去官网下载lwip-2.1.3.zip，解压下列文件到工程目录。
lwip-2.1.3.zip\lwip-2.1.3\src\include ---> 工程目录\lwip-2.1.3\include（解压整个文件夹，以及所有文件）
lwip-2.1.3.zip\lwip-2.1.3\src\core\def.c ---> 工程目录\lwip-2.1.3\core\def.c
lwip-2.1.3.zip\lwip-2.1.3\src\core\inet_chksum.c ---> 工程目录\lwip-2.1.3\core\inet_chksum.c
lwip-2.1.3.zip\lwip-2.1.3\src\apps\http\mkfsdata ---> 工程目录\lwip-2.1.3\apps\http\mkfsdata（整个文件夹）
lwip-2.1.3.zip\lwip-2.1.3\src\apps\http\httpd_structs.h ---> 工程目录\lwip-2.1.3\apps\http\httpd_structs.h

步骤三 建立配置文件

建立“工程目录\lwip-2.1.3\include\arch\cc.h”，内容如下：
这里涉及到一个很重要的知识点：如何在Visual Studio下定义__packed关键字。

#ifndef LWIP_ARCH_CC_H
#define LWIP_ARCH_CC_H

#define LWIP_RAND() ((u32_t)rand())
#define PACK_STRUCT_BEGIN __pragma(pack(push, 1))
#define PACK_STRUCT_END __pragma(pack(pop))

#pragma warning(disable:4996) // 允许使用strcpy等不带_s后缀的函数
#define snprintf _snprintf

#endif

建立“工程目录\lwip-2.1.3\include\lwipopts.h”，内容如下：

#ifndef LWIP_LWIPOPTS_H
#define LWIP_LWIPOPTS_H

#define NO_SYS 1 // 无操作系统
#define SYS_LIGHTWEIGHT_PROT 0 // 不进行临界区保护

#define LWIP_NETCONN 0
#define LWIP_SOCKET 0

#define MEM_ALIGNMENT 4 // STM32单片机是32位的单片机, 因此是4字节对齐的
#define MEM_SIZE 10240 // lwip的mem_malloc函数使用的堆内存的大小

// 配置TCP
#define TCP_MSS 1500
#define LWIP_TCP_SACK_OUT 1 // 允许选择性确认

// 配置DHCP
#define LWIP_DHCP 1
#define LWIP_NETIF_HOSTNAME 1

// 配置DNS
#define LWIP_DNS 1

// 广播包过滤器
// 如果打开了这个过滤器, 那么就需要在套接字上设置SOF_BROADCAST选项才能收发广播数据包
//#define IP_SOF_BROADCAST 1
//#define IP_SOF_BROADCAST_RECV 1

// 配置IPv6
#define LWIP_IPV6 1
#define LWIP_ND6_RDNSS_MAX_DNS_SERVERS LWIP_DNS // 允许SLAAC获取DNS服务器的地址

#endif

建立“工程目录\lwip-2.1.3\include\inttypes.h”，内容如下：
（该文件出处为http://msinttypes.googlecode.com/files/msinttypes-r26.zip）

// ISO C9x  compliant inttypes.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
// Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124 
// 
//  Copyright (c) 2006 Alexander Chemeris
// 
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
// 
//   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
//      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// 
//   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
//      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
//      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// 
//   3. The name of the author may be used to endorse or promote products
//      derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
// 
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
// EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
// OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, 
// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// 
///

#ifndef _MSC_VER // [
#error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
#endif // _MSC_VER ]

#ifndef _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ // [
#define _MSC_INTTYPES_H_

#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif

#include "stdint.h"

// 7.8 Format conversion of integer types

typedef struct {
   intmax_t quot;
   intmax_t rem;
} imaxdiv_t;

// 7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers

#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 185 at page 198

// The fprintf macros for signed integers are:
#define PRId8       "d"
#define PRIi8       "i"
#define PRIdLEAST8  "d"
#define PRIiLEAST8  "i"
#define PRIdFAST8   "d"
#define PRIiFAST8   "i"

#define PRId16       "hd"
#define PRIi16       "hi"
#define PRIdLEAST16  "hd"
#define PRIiLEAST16  "hi"
#define PRIdFAST16   "hd"
#define PRIiFAST16   "hi"

#define PRId32       "I32d"
#define PRIi32       "I32i"
#define PRIdLEAST32  "I32d"
#define PRIiLEAST32  "I32i"
#define PRIdFAST32   "I32d"
#define PRIiFAST32   "I32i"

#define PRId64       "I64d"
#define PRIi64       "I64i"
#define PRIdLEAST64  "I64d"
#define PRIiLEAST64  "I64i"
#define PRIdFAST64   "I64d"
#define PRIiFAST64   "I64i"

#define PRIdMAX     "I64d"
#define PRIiMAX     "I64i"

#define PRIdPTR     "Id"
#define PRIiPTR     "Ii"

// The fprintf macros for unsigned integers are:
#define PRIo8       "o"
#define PRIu8       "u"
#define PRIx8       "x"
#define PRIX8       "X"
#define PRIoLEAST8  "o"
#define PRIuLEAST8  "u"
#define PRIxLEAST8  "x"
#define PRIXLEAST8  "X"
#define PRIoFAST8   "o"
#define PRIuFAST8   "u"
#define PRIxFAST8   "x"
#define PRIXFAST8   "X"

#define PRIo16       "ho"
#define PRIu16       "hu"
#define PRIx16       "hx"
#define PRIX16       "hX"
#define PRIoLEAST16  "ho"
#define PRIuLEAST16  "hu"
#define PRIxLEAST16  "hx"
#define PRIXLEAST16  "hX"
#define PRIoFAST16   "ho"
#define PRIuFAST16   "hu"
#define PRIxFAST16   "hx"
#define PRIXFAST16   "hX"

#define PRIo32       "I32o"
#define PRIu32       "I32u"
#define PRIx32       "I32x"
#define PRIX32       "I32X"
#define PRIoLEAST32  "I32o"
#define PRIuLEAST32  "I32u"
#define PRIxLEAST32  "I32x"
#define PRIXLEAST32  "I32X"
#define PRIoFAST32   "I32o"
#define PRIuFAST32   "I32u"
#define PRIxFAST32   "I32x"
#define PRIXFAST32   "I32X"

#define PRIo64       "I64o"
#define PRIu64       "I64u"
#define PRIx64       "I64x"
#define PRIX64       "I64X"
#define PRIoLEAST64  "I64o"
#define PRIuLEAST64  "I64u"
#define PRIxLEAST64  "I64x"
#define PRIXLEAST64  "I64X"
#define PRIoFAST64   "I64o"
#define PRIuFAST64   "I64u"
#define PRIxFAST64   "I64x"
#define PRIXFAST64   "I64X"

#define PRIoMAX     "I64o"
#define PRIuMAX     "I64u"
#define PRIxMAX     "I64x"
#define PRIXMAX     "I64X"

#define PRIoPTR     "Io"
#define PRIuPTR     "Iu"
#define PRIxPTR     "Ix"
#define PRIXPTR     "IX"

// The fscanf macros for signed integers are:
#define SCNd8       "d"
#define SCNi8       "i"
#define SCNdLEAST8  "d"
#define SCNiLEAST8  "i"
#define SCNdFAST8   "d"
#define SCNiFAST8   "i"

#define SCNd16       "hd"
#define SCNi16       "hi"
#define SCNdLEAST16  "hd"
#define SCNiLEAST16  "hi"
#define SCNdFAST16   "hd"
#define SCNiFAST16   "hi"

#define SCNd32       "ld"
#define SCNi32       "li"
#define SCNdLEAST32  "ld"
#define SCNiLEAST32  "li"
#define SCNdFAST32   "ld"
#define SCNiFAST32   "li"

#define SCNd64       "I64d"
#define SCNi64       "I64i"
#define SCNdLEAST64  "I64d"
#define SCNiLEAST64  "I64i"
#define SCNdFAST64   "I64d"
#define SCNiFAST64   "I64i"

#define SCNdMAX     "I64d"
#define SCNiMAX     "I64i"

#ifdef _WIN64 // [
#  define SCNdPTR     "I64d"
#  define SCNiPTR     "I64i"
#else  // _WIN64 ][
#  define SCNdPTR     "ld"
#  define SCNiPTR     "li"
#endif  // _WIN64 ]

// The fscanf macros for unsigned integers are:
#define SCNo8       "o"
#define SCNu8       "u"
#define SCNx8       "x"
#define SCNX8       "X"
#define SCNoLEAST8  "o"
#define SCNuLEAST8  "u"
#define SCNxLEAST8  "x"
#define SCNXLEAST8  "X"
#define SCNoFAST8   "o"
#define SCNuFAST8   "u"
#define SCNxFAST8   "x"
#define SCNXFAST8   "X"

#define SCNo16       "ho"
#define SCNu16       "hu"
#define SCNx16       "hx"
#define SCNX16       "hX"
#define SCNoLEAST16  "ho"
#define SCNuLEAST16  "hu"
#define SCNxLEAST16  "hx"
#define SCNXLEAST16  "hX"
#define SCNoFAST16   "ho"
#define SCNuFAST16   "hu"
#define SCNxFAST16   "hx"
#define SCNXFAST16   "hX"

#define SCNo32       "lo"
#define SCNu32       "lu"
#define SCNx32       "lx"
#define SCNX32       "lX"
#define SCNoLEAST32  "lo"
#define SCNuLEAST32  "lu"
#define SCNxLEAST32  "lx"
#define SCNXLEAST32  "lX"
#define SCNoFAST32   "lo"
#define SCNuFAST32   "lu"
#define SCNxFAST32   "lx"
#define SCNXFAST32   "lX"

#define SCNo64       "I64o"
#define SCNu64       "I64u"
#define SCNx64       "I64x"
#define SCNX64       "I64X"
#define SCNoLEAST64  "I64o"
#define SCNuLEAST64  "I64u"
#define SCNxLEAST64  "I64x"
#define SCNXLEAST64  "I64X"
#define SCNoFAST64   "I64o"
#define SCNuFAST64   "I64u"
#define SCNxFAST64   "I64x"
#define SCNXFAST64   "I64X"

#define SCNoMAX     "I64o"
#define SCNuMAX     "I64u"
#define SCNxMAX     "I64x"
#define SCNXMAX     "I64X"

#ifdef _WIN64 // [
#  define SCNoPTR     "I64o"
#  define SCNuPTR     "I64u"
#  define SCNxPTR     "I64x"
#  define SCNXPTR     "I64X"
#else  // _WIN64 ][
#  define SCNoPTR     "lo"
#  define SCNuPTR     "lu"
#  define SCNxPTR     "lx"
#  define SCNXPTR     "lX"
#endif  // _WIN64 ]

#endif // __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS ]

// 7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types

// 7.8.2.1 The imaxabs function
#define imaxabs _abs64

// 7.8.2.2 The imaxdiv function

// This is modified version of div() function from Microsoft's div.c found
// in %MSVC.NET%\crt\src\div.c
#ifdef STATIC_IMAXDIV // [
static
#else // STATIC_IMAXDIV ][
_inline
#endif // STATIC_IMAXDIV ]
imaxdiv_t __cdecl imaxdiv(intmax_t numer, intmax_t denom)
{
   imaxdiv_t result;

   result.quot = numer / denom;
   result.rem = numer % denom;

   if (numer < 0 && result.rem > 0) {
      // did division wrong; must fix up
      ++result.quot;
      result.rem -= denom;
   }

   return result;
}

// 7.8.2.3 The strtoimax and strtoumax functions
#define strtoimax _strtoi64
#define strtoumax _strtoui64

// 7.8.2.4 The wcstoimax and wcstoumax functions
#define wcstoimax _wcstoi64
#define wcstoumax _wcstoui64


#endif // _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ ]

步骤四 将文件添加到Visual Studio 2012工程中

工程中只添加mkfsdata.c文件，其余的文件一律不添加。

步骤五 编译生成32位Release版程序

要求：生成的程序能够在刚安装好的纯净版Windows XP系统上直接运行，不需要安装任何运行时库。

首先切换到Release模式：

打开项目属性：

选择Visual Studio 2012 - Windows XP (v110_xp)模式：

添加lwip-2.1.3的头文件路径：

选择多线程模式（/MT），不依赖于任何Runtime库的DLL。

编译程序：

1>------ Build started: Project: makefsdata, Configuration: Release Win32 ------
1>  makefsdata.c
1>  Generating code
1>  Finished generating code
1>  makefsdata.vcxproj -> C:\Users\Octopus\Desktop\makefsdata\Release\makefsdata.exe
========== Build: 1 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

程序就编译出来了。把这个程序放到单片机lwip工程的apps/http文件夹下就可以用了。
程序的功能是把fs文件夹下的所有网页和图片文件，整合成一个fsdata.c文件。