Python程序设计（基础与应用） 第二部分，基础程序练习
Python基础练习
习题1 天天向上
WeekNamePrint1.py
weekStr = "星期一星期二星期三星期四星期五星期六星期日"
weekId = eval(input("请输入星期数字（1-7）："))
pos = (weekId - 1) * 3
print(weekStr[pos: pos+3])
习题2 天天向上2
weekStr = "一二三四五六日"
weekId = eval(input("请输入星期数字（1-7）："))
print("星期"+ weekStr[weekId-1])
习题3 工作日的力量
#DayDayUp3.py
dayup = 1.0
dayfactor = 0.01
for i in range(365):
if i % 7 in [6, 0]:
dayup = dayup * (1-dayfactor)
else:
dayup = dayup * (1 + dayfactor)
print("工作日的力量:{:.2f}".format(dayup))
习题4 工作日的努力量
#DayDayUp4.py
def dayUP(df):
dayup = 1
for i in range(365):
if i % 7 in [6, 0]:
dayup = dayup * (1 - 0.01)
else:
dayup = dayup * (1 + df)
return dayup
dayfactor = 0.01
while 4.63 < 37.78:
dayfactor += 0.001
print("工作日努力的力量:{:.3f}".format(dayfactor))
习题5 星座
#星座（unicode编码）
for i in range(12):
print(chr(9800+i), end=" ") # end为空，表示不换行
习题6 圆周率计算
pi = 0
n = 100
for k in range(n) :
pi += 1 / pow(16,k)* ( \
4/(8 * k + 1) - 2 / (8 * k + 4) - \
1/(8 * k +5) - 1 /(8 * k + 6))
print("圆周率是：{}".format(pi))
习题7 圆周率计算（random）
from random import random
from time import perf_counter
DARTS = 1000*1000
hits = 0.0
start = perf_counter()
for i in range(1,DARTS + 1):
x,y = random(), random()
dist = pow(x ** 2 + y ** 2 ,0.5)
if dist <= 1.0 :
hits = hits + 1
pi = 4 * (hits / DARTS )
print("圆周率值是： {}".format(pi))
print("运行时间是： {:.5f}s".format(perf_counter()))
习题8 单行动态刷新
import time
for i in range(101):
print("\r{:3}%".format(i),end="")
time.sleep(0.5)
习题9 三国出场人物统计
import jieba
txt = open("threekingdoms.txt","r", encoding="utf-8").read()
excludes = {"将军","却说","荆州","二人","不可","不能","如此"}
words = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
if len(word) == 1:
continue
elif word == "诸葛亮" or word == "孔明曰":
rword = "孔明"
elif word == "关公" or word == "云长":
rword = "关羽"
elif word == "玄德" or word == "玄德曰":
rword = "刘备"
elif word == "孟德" or word == "丞相曰":
rword = "曹操"
else:
rword = word
counts[rword] = counts.get(rword, 0) + 1
for word in exclides:
del counts[word]
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
for i in range(10):
word, counts = items[i]
print("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))
习题10 文本词频统计
def getText():
txt = open("hamlet.txt", "r").read()
txt = txt.lower()
for ch in '!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_‘{|}~':
txt = txt.replace(ch, " ") # 将文本中特殊字符替换为空格
return txt
习题11 体育竞技分析
hamletTxt = getText()
words = hamletTxt.split()
counts = {}
for word in words:
counts[word] = counts.get(word, 0) + 1
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
for i in range(10):
word, count = items[i]
print("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))
#MatchAnalysis.py
from random import random
def printIntro():
print("这个程序模拟两个选手A和B的某种竞技比赛")
print("程序运行需要A和B的能力值（以0到1之间的小数表示）")
def getInputs():
a = eval(input("请输入选手A的能力值(0-1): "))
b = eval(input("请输入选手B的能力值(0-1): "))
n = eval(input("模拟比赛的场次: "))
return a, b, n
def simNGames(n, probA, probB):
winsA, winsB = 0, 0
for i in range(n):
scoreA, scoreB = simOneGame(probA, probB)
if scoreA > scoreB:
winsA += 1
else:
winsB += 1
return winsA, winsB
def gameOver(a,b):
return a==15 or b==15
def simOneGame(probA, probB):
scoreA, scoreB = 0, 0
serving = "A"
while not gameOver(scoreA, scoreB):
if serving == "A":
if random() < probA:
scoreA += 1
else:
serving="B"
else:
if random() < probB:
scoreB += 1
else:
serving="A"
return scoreA, scoreB
def printSummary(winsA, winsB):
n = winsA + winsB
print("竞技分析开始，共模拟{}场比赛".format(n))
print("选手A获胜{}场比赛，占比{:0.1%}".format(winsA, winsA/n))
print("选手B获胜{}场比赛，占比{:0.1%}".format(winsB, winsB/n))
def main():
printIntro()
probA, probB, n = getInputs()
winsA, winsB = simNGames(n, probA, probB)
printSummary(winsA, winsB)
main()
习题12 文本进度条
import time
scale = 10
print("-----执行开始-----")
for i in range(scale+1):
a = '*' * i
b = '.' * (scale - i)
c = (i/scale) * 100
print("{:^3.0f}%[{}->{}]".format(c,a,b))
time.sleep(0.5)
print("-----执行结束-----")
习题13 科赫雪花
#KochDrawV2.py
import turtle
def koch(size, n):
if n == 0:
turtle.fd(size)
else:
for angle in [0, 60, -120, 60]:
turtle.left(angle)
koch(size / 3, n - 1)
def main():
turtle.setup(600, 600)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-200, 100)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.pensize(2)
level = 3 # 3阶科赫雪花，阶数
koch(400, level)
turtle.right(120)
koch(400, level)
turtle.right(120)
koch(400, level)
turtle.hideturtle()
main()
习题14 自动轨迹读取
#AutoTraceDraw.py
import turtle as t
t.title('自动轨迹绘制')
t.setup(800, 600, 0, 0)
t.pencolor("red")
t.pensize(5)
#数据读取
datals = []
f = open("data.txt")
for line in f:
line = line.replace("\n","")
datals.append(list(map(eval, line.split(","))))
f.close()
#自动绘制
for i in range(len(datals)):
t.pencolor(datals[i][3],datals[i][4],datals[i][5])
t.fd(datals[i][0])
if datals[i][1]:
t.rt(datals[i][2])
else:
t.lt(datals[i][2])
```
### 习题15 进度条（plus）
```python
import time
scale = 50
print("执行开始".center(scale//2,"-"))
start = time.perf_counter()
for i in range(scale+1):
a = '*' * i
b = '.' * (scale - i)
c = (i/scale) * 100
dur = time.perf_counter() - start
print("\r{:^3.0f}%[{}->{}]{:.2f}s".format(c,a,b,dur),end='')
time.sleep(0.5)
print("\n"+"执行结束".center(scale//2,'_'))
### 习题16 身体质量指数BMI
height,weight = eval(input("请输入身高（米）和体重（公斤）[逗号隔开]："))
bmi = weight / pow(height,2)
print("BMI指数为：{:.2f}".format(bmi))
who, nat = "",""
if bmi < 18.5:
who, nat = "偏瘦","偏瘦"
elif 18.5 <= bmi < 24:
who, nat = "正常", "正常"
elif 24 <= bmi < 25:
who, nat = "正常", "偏胖"
elif 25 <= bmi < 28:
who, nat = "偏胖", "偏胖"
elif 28 <= bmi < 30:
who, nat = "偏胖", "肥胖"
print("BIM指标为：国际'{0}',国内'{1}'".format(who,nat))
```
### 习题17 蛇形绘制
***方法1***
```python
pythonDraw.py
import turtle
turtle.setup(650,350,200,200)
turtle.penup() # pu
turtle.fd(-250) # fd正向，bk反向，circle曲线前进
turtle.pendown() # pd
turtle.pensize(25)
turtle.pencolor("purple")
turtle.seth(-40) # seth仅改变方向
for i in range(4): # 4：循环次数 range（n） 0~n-1 或 range（m，n） m~n-1
turtle.circle(40,80) # （半径，弧度）
turtle.circle(-40,80)
turtle.circle(40,80/2)
turtle.fd(40)
turtle.circle(16,180)
turtle.fd(40*2/3)
turtle.done() # 窗口实现不自动关闭
turtle.s
方法2
from turtle import *
setup(650,350,200,200)
penup()
fd(-250)
pendown()
pensize(25)
pencolor("purple")
seth(-40)
for i in range(4):
circle(40,80)
circle(-40,80)
circle(40,80/2)
fd(40)
circle(16,180)
fd(40*2/3)
done()
方法3
import turtle as t
t.setup(650,350,200,200)
t.penup()
t.fd(-250)
t.pendown()
t.pensize(25)
t.pencolor("purple")
t.seth(-40)
for i in range(4):
t.circle(40,80)
t.circle(-40,80)
t.circle(40,80/2)
t.fd(40)
t.circle(16,180)
t.fd(40*2/3)
t.done()
### 习题18 五角星绘制
from turtle import *
color('black', 'red')
begin_fill()
for i in range(5):
fd(200)
rt(144)
end_fill()
done()
习题19 温度转换
#TempCovert.py 单行注释
'''
多行注释
'''
TempStr = input("请输入带有符号的温度值：")
if TempStr[-1] in ['F','f']:
C = (eval(TempStr[0:-1]) - 32)/1.8
print("转换后的温度是{:.2f}C".format(C))
elif TempStr[-1] in ['C','c']:
F = 1.8*eval(TempStr[0:-1]) + 32
print("转换后的温度是{:.2f}F".format(F))
else:
print("输入格式有误")
### 习题20 七段数码管绘制（plus）
#SevenDigitsDrawV2.py
import turtle, time
def drawGap(): # 绘制数码管间隔
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(5)
def drawLine(draw): # 绘制单段数码管
drawGap()
turtle.pendown() if draw else turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(40)
drawGap()
turtle.right(90)
def drawDigit(d): # 根据数字绘制七段数码管
drawLine(True) if d in [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
drawLine(True) if d in [0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
drawLine(True) if d in [0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
drawLine(True) if d in [0, 2, 6, 8] else drawLine(False)
turtle.left(90)
drawLine(True) if d in [0, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
drawLine(True) if d in [0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
drawLine(True) if d in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
turtle.left(180)
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(20)
def drawDate(date):
turtle.pencolor("red")
for i in date:
if i == '-':
turtle.write('年', font=("Arial", 18, "normal"))
turtle.pencolor("green")
turtle.fd(40)
elif i == '=':
turtle.write('月', font=("Arial", 18, "normal"))
turtle.pencolor("blue")
turtle.fd(40)
elif i == '+':
turtle.write('日', font=("Arial", 18, "normal"))
else:
drawDigit(eval(i))
def main():
turtle.setup(800, 350, 200, 200)
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(-350)
turtle.pensize(5)
# drawDate('2018-10=10+')
drawDate(time.strftime('%Y-%m=%d+', time.gmtime()))
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.done()
main()
习题21 七段数码管绘制（时间）
#SevenDigitsDrawV1.py
import turtle
def drawLine(draw): # 绘制单段数码管
turtle.pendown() if draw else turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(40)
turtle.right(90)
def drawDigit(digit): # 根据数字绘制七段数码管
drawLine(True) if digit in [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
drawLine(True) if digit in [0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
drawLine(True) if digit in [0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
drawLine(True) if digit in [0, 2, 6, 8] else drawLine(False)
turtle.left(90)
drawLine(True) if digit in [0, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
drawLine(True) if digit in [0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
drawLine(True) if digit in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9] else drawLine(False)
turtle.left(180)
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(20)
def drawDate(date): # 获得要输出的数字
for i in date:
drawDigit(eval(i)) # 通过eval()函数将数字变为整数
def main():
turtle.setup(800, 350, 200, 200)
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(-300)
turtle.pensize(5)
drawDate('20201013')
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.done()
main()
习题22 词云（不规则）
#GovRptWordCloudv2.py
import jieba
import wordcloud
from scipy.misc import imread
mask = imread("chinamap.jpg")
excludes = { }
f = open("新时代中国特色社会主义.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8")
t = f.read()
f.close()
ls = jieba.lcut(t)
txt = " ".join(ls)
w = wordcloud.WordCloud(\
width = 1000, height = 700,\
background_color = "white",
font_path = "msyh.ttc", mask = mask
)
w.generate(txt)
w.to_file("grwordcloudm.png")
习题23 词云（矩形）
#GovRptWordCloudv1.py
import jieba
import wordcloud
f = open("新时代中国特色社会主义.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8")
t = f.read()
f.close()
ls = jieba.lcut(t)
txt = " ".join(ls)
w = wordcloud.WordCloud( \
width=1000, height=700, \
background_color="white",
font_path="msyh.ttc"
)
w.generate(txt)
w.to_file("grwordcloud.png")
习题24 给定一个单词，请使用凯撒密码将这个单词加密。凯撒密码是一种替换加密的技术，单词中的所有字母都在字母表上向后偏移3位后被替换成密文。即a变为d，b变为e，…，w变为z，x变为a，y变为b，z变为c。
例如，lanqiao会变成odqtldr。
s = input('请输入要加密的字符串：')
k = int(input('请输入移位值：'))
s_encrypt = ''
for word in s:
if word == ' ':
word_encrypt = ' '
else:
word_encrypt = chr((ord(word)-ord('a') + k) % 26 + ord('a'))
s_encrypt += word_encrypt
print(s_encrypt)