Court and province in mid and late Tang

1.The adoption of this policy meant that the earlier reliance on a system of small garrisons manned by troops of mixed provenance (militiamen, professional soldiers and convicts) was no longer possible.

这一政策的采用意味着再也不可能依靠以前混合兵源的部队(府兵、职业军人和罪犯)充当小股守军的制度了。

2.A new kind of army had to be created to provide the larger and more permanent forces which were then required.

一种新型的军队必须建立起来，以提供当时需要的更庞大更长期性的部队

3.In addition to his military responsibilities the new military governor also held broad civil power over local administration, finance and supply. This concentration of authority in a single man was a striking departure from previous practice. However, anything less would not have permitted adequate on the spot direction and logistic support for the frontier armies which were frequently obliged to operate at great distances from the Chinese heartland.

除了军事职务外,新的节度使还拥有地方行政、财政和供应等方面的文职权力。这种把权力集中于一人的变化完全违背了以前的惯例。但是做不到这些，边防军就不可能得到适当的战地指挥和后勤支援，而这些军队又往往必须在远离中国内地之处作战。