提示:文章写完后,目录可以自动生成,如何生成可参考右边的帮助文档
参见matlab:https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/audio/ug/dynamic-range-control.html
Dynamic range control is the adaptive adjustment of the dynamic range of a signal. The dynamic range of a signal is the logarithmic ratio of maximum to minimum signal amplitude specified in dB.
You can use dynamic range control to:
Types of dynamic range control include:
参见《Digital Audio Signal Processing》第七章:
This tutorial shows how to implement dynamic range control systems using the compressor, expander, limiter, and noiseGate System objects from Audio System Toolbox™. The tutorial also provides an illustrated example of dynamic range limiting at various stages of a dynamic range limiting system.
The diagram depicts a general dynamic range control system.
计算步骤如下:
xdB=20log10(x).
NT = -70
NT没有softknee,有holdtime
expander
Threshold: -10
Ratio: 5
KneeWidth: 0
AttackTime: 0.0500
ReleaseTime: 0.2000
HoldTime: 0.0500
SampleRate: 44100
ET = -45
有softknee,有holdtime
compressor 具有属性:
Threshold: -10
Ratio: 5
KneeWidth: 0
AttackTime: 0.0500
ReleaseTime: 0.2000
MakeUpGainMode: 'Property'
MakeUpGain: 0
SampleRate: 44100
CT = -25
有softknee,有MakeUpGain
Threshold (dB) — Operation threshold
–10 (default) | scalar in the range –50 to 0
Knee width (dB) — Transition area in the limiter characteristic
0 (default) | scalar in the range 0 to 20
View static characteristic — Open static characteristic plot of the dynamic range limiter
button
Attack time (s) — Time it takes applied gain to ramp up
0 (default) | scalar in the range 0 to 4
Release time (s) — Time it takes applied gain to ramp down
0.2 (default) | scalar in the range 0 to 4
Make-up gain mode — Make-up gain mode
Property (default) | Auto
Make-up gain (dB) — Applied make-up gain
0 (default) | scalar in the range –10 to 24
Inherit sample rate from input — Specify source of input sample rate
on (default) | off
Input sample rate (Hz) — Specify input sample rate
44100 (default) | positive scalar
L T= -10,
有softknee ,有MakeUpGain
增益计算单元进行增益信号的初步预估,增益计算单元的核心模块是静态特征,每一种类型的DRC有不同的静态特征,包括了可调的属性参数:
a.阈值threshold–所有的静态特性都有一个阈值,在阈值的一边,输入信号没有被修改,在阈值的另一边,输入信号被压缩、扩展以及限幅;
b.压缩比率Ratio–扩展器和压缩器的静态特征模块在计算增益时依赖用户提供的输入/输出的压缩比;
c.kneewidth-- 扩展器Expanders、压缩器compressors以及限幅器limiters的静态特征模块可以调整拐点的宽度;拐点宽度包含在阈值中,拐点宽度越大,阈值附近的过渡越平滑。如果拐点没有提供过度,则是硬拐点;如果拐点附近有大于0的拐点宽度值,则是软拐点。noiseGate只有硬拐点;
d.在计算信号增益要进行电平检测,电平检测使用递归一阶滤波器获取原始信号的电平;有基于Peak和基于RMS两种方法;Peak是生成信号电平的峰值包络,RMS是计算前N个样本的RMS值作为当前样本的电平。电平检测的作用是对于一个在原点波动的信号,DRC关心的是信号的峰值或者RMS值,而不关心信号的振荡情况;
e.Hold time 是应用增益之前的延迟时间;
f.电平检测一阶递归滤波器,使用Attack time或者release time作为滤波器的系数进行Gain Smoothing-增益平滑控制。
Expanders, compressors, limiters,noiseGate都有阈值
Expanders, compressors, 和 limiters可以调整静态特征的拐点宽度,当soft knee width 为0就变成硬拐点(Hard Knee)
noiseGate只有硬拐点(Hard Knee)
所有动态范围控制器都提供随时间变化的增益平滑。增益平滑会减少所施加增益的急剧跳变,这可能会导致伪影和不自然的声音。您可以将增益平滑概念化为在增益信号中增加阻抗。
expander 和 noiseGate使用有相同的平滑方程,因为noise gate是 expander.的一个类型。
limiter和compressor使用有相同的平滑方程,因为 limiter是 compressor.的一个类型。
增益平滑的类型由attack time, release time和 hold time的组合指定。attack time, release time对应于增益信号从其最终值的10%变为90%所花费的时间。Hold time 是应用增益之前的延迟时间
具体增益平滑方程如下:
expander and noiseGate平滑方程:
其中αA 和 αR 有下式得到::
compressor and limiter平滑方程:
αA 和 αR 参见expander and noiseGate获取方程
https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/audio/ug/dynamic-range-control.html
(2008.2nd_edition)Digital Audio Signal Processing - Zolzer.pdf
参考网址:
https://blog.csdn.net/houxiaoni01/article/details/112790209
https://blog.csdn.net/book_bbyuan/article/details/72458688
https://www.woaifaming.net/doc/68750.html
https://blog.csdn.net/cyz_2014/article/details/84718528