requests接口测试

一、介绍

Requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到，Requests是Python语言的第三方的库，专门用于发送HTTP请求

二、前提

pip install requests

三、get的请求

1.GET无参请求

r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

2.GET传参

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': None}

r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com ', params=payload)

3.案例：测试聚合数据

代码

import requests

class UseRequestClass():

        #get传参的第一种方式

        def XWTTMethod(self):

                r=requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index?type=guonei&key=4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790")

                print(r.text)

        #get传参的第二种方式

        def XWTTMethod(self):

                params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}

                r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",params=params)

                print(r.text)

四、post请求

类似python中的表单提交

payload={'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}

r=requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",data=payload)

案例：测试聚合数据

代码

import requests

class UseRequestClass():

        def XWTTPostMethod(self):

        params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}

        r = requests.post("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",params=params)                      

        #print(r.status_code)

        return r.status_code

五、Requests响应

r.status_code        响应状态码

r.heards                响应头

r.cookies               响应cookies

r.text                     响应文本

r. encoding           当前编码

r. content              以字节形式（二进制）返回

最常用的是根据响应状态码判断接口是否连通，经常用于做接口中断言判断

六、Request扩充

1.添加等待时间

requests.get(url,timeout=1)                  #超过等待时间则报错

2.添加请求头信息

requests.get(url,headers=headers)      #设置请求头

3.添加文件

requests.post(url,files=files)                 #添加文件

文件传输

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'

files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}

r = requests.post(url, files=files)

七、requests+pytest+allure

1.流程如下

读取文件中的数据

requests拿到数据请求接口返回状态码

通过断言验证返回状态码和200对比

生成allure的测试报告

2.模块总览

dataDemo(存放数据)>> readDemo(读取数据)

useRequests(发送请求)>>testDemo(生成报告)

3.读取csv文件流程

3.1  存储数据(csv)

通过excel另存为csv即可。

3.2  读取数据(readDemo)

代码展示

import csv

class ReadCsv():

        def readCsv(self):

                item = []

                rr = csv.reader(open("../dataDemo/123.csv"))

                for csv_i in rr:

                        item.append(csv_i)

                item = item [1:]

                return item

3.3  request请求接口返回状态码

代码展示

import requests

from readDataDemo.readcsv import ReadCsv

r = ReadCsv()

ee = r.readCsv()

# print(ee)

class RequestCsv():

        def requestsCsv(self):

                item = []

                for csv_i in ee:

                        if csv_i[2] =="get":

                                rr = requests.get(csv_i[0],params=csv_i[1])

                                item.append(rr.status_code)

                        else: rr = requests.post(csv_i[0],data=csv_i[1])

                                item.append(rr.status_code)

                return item

3.4  pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告

代码展示

import pytest,os,allure

from userequests.userequestsDemo.requestscsv import RequestCsv

r = RequestCsv()

ee = r.requestsCsv()

print(ee)

class TestClass02():

        def test001(self):

                for code in ee:

                        assert code == 200

if __name__ == '__main__':

        pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_02csv.py'])

        split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'

        os.system(split)

3.5  测试报告展示

4.读取excle文件流程

4.1  存储数据(xlsx)

4.2  读取数据(readDemo)

安装openpyxl：

pip install openpyxl

from openpyxl import load_workbook

class Readxcel():

        def getTestExcel(self):

        # 打开表

        workbook = load_workbook("G:\python\pythonProject\pytest05a\\requestdemo\\a.xlsx")

        # 定位表单

        sheet = workbook['Sheet1']

        print(sheet.max_row)       # 3 行

        print(sheet.max_column)     # 3 列

        test_data = []     # 把所有行的数据放到列表中

        for i in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):

                sub_data = {}     # 把每行的数据放到字典中

                for j in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):

                        sub_data[sheet.cell(1, j).value] = sheet.cell(i, j).value

                test_data.append(sub_data)      # 拼接每行单元格的数据

        return test_data

t = Readxcel()

f = t.getTestExcel()

print(f)

4.3  request请求接口返回状态码

import requests

from requestdemo.readexcel import Readxcel

class GetStatusCode():

        def getStatusCode(self):

                t = Readxcel()

                f = t.getTestExcel()

                item = []

                for excel_i in f:

                        if excel_i["method"] == "get":

                                rr = requests.get(excel_i["url"], params=excel_i["params"])

                                item.append(rr.status_code)

                        else:

                                rr = requests.post(excel_i["url"], data=excel_i["params"])

                                item.append(rr.status_code)

                return item

print(GetStatusCode().getStatusCode())

4.4  pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告

import allure, pytest, os

from requestdemo.getStatusCode import GetStatusCode

get = GetStatusCode()

statusCodes = get.getStatusCode()

class TestReadExcel():

        def testReadExcel(self):

                for code in statusCodes:

                        assert code == 200

if __name__ == "__main__":

        # 生成测试报告json

        pytest.main(["-s", "-q", '--alluredir', 'report/result', 'testreadexcel.py'])

        # 将测试报告转为html格式

        split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'

        os.system(split)

4.5  测试报告展示