大数据系列之ELK集群环境部署

本文主要介绍ELK相关组件的环境部署和配置，并以系统syslog作为源数据输入测试验证elasticsearch端数据接收和Kibana端数据展示。

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1、基本概念和环境配置介绍

1.1 ELK基本概念

ELK是一款开源的海量日志搜索分析平台，能够完美的解决我们上述的问题，对日志进行集中采集和实时索引，提供实时搜索、分析、可视化、报警等功能，帮助企业在统一平台实时管理日志数据，进行线上业务实时监控、异常原因定位、数据统计分析。ELK由ElasticSearch、Logstash和Kiabana三个开源工具组成。官方网站：https://www.elastic.co/products

• Elasticsearch是实时全文搜索和分析引擎，提供搜集、分析、存储数据三大功能；是一套开放REST和JAVA API等结构提供高效搜索功能，可扩展的分布式系统；它构建于Apache Lucene搜索引擎库之上
• Logstash是一个用来搜集、分析、过滤日志的工具。它支持几乎任何类型的日志，包括系统日志、错误日志和自定义应用程序日志。它可以从许多来源接收日志，这些来源包括 syslog、消息传递（例如 RabbitMQ）和JMX，它能够以多种方式输出数据，包括电子邮件、websockets和Elasticsearch
• Kibana是一个基于Web的图形界面，用于搜索、分析和可视化存储在 Elasticsearch指标中的日志数据。它利用Elasticsearch的REST接口来检索数据，不仅允许用户创建他们自己的数据的定制仪表板视图，还允许他们以特殊的方式查询和过滤数据

1.2 基础环境配置

服务器环境配置信息如下表所示：

角色	主机名	IP	系统
系统SYSLOG	tango-01	192.168.112.10	Centos7-X86_64
ES集群	tango-centos01-03	192.168.112.101-103	Centos7-X86_64
Kibana客户端	tango-ubntu01	192.168.112.20	Centos7-X86_64

2、基础环境搭建

2.1 Elasticsearch集群环境

2.1.1 配置Elasticsearch

1）解压安装包

[root@tango-centos01 src-install]# tar -xzvf elasticsearch-6.2.0.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/elk/

2）编辑修改elasticsearch配置文件

[root@tango-centos01 config]# vi elasticsearch.yml
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
cluster.name: es_cluster_01
#
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
node.name: node01
#
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
#node.attr.rack: r1
node.master: true
node.data: true
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
path.data: /usr/local/elk/es-data/data
#
# Path to log files:
#
path.logs: /usr/local/elk/es-data/logs
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: 192.168.112.101
http.host: 0.0.0.0
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 9200
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when new node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.112.101", "192.168.112.102","192.168.112.103"]
#
# Prevent the "split brain" by configuring the majority of nodes (total number of master-eligible nodes / 2 + 1):
#
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 1

3）创建es-data目录

[root@tango-centos01 elk]# mkdir es-data
[root@tango-centos01 elk]# cd es-data
[root@tango-centos01 es-data]# mkdir data
[root@tango-centos01 es-data]# mkdir logs
[root@tango-centos01 es-data]# ls
data  logs

4）配置系统环境参数

- 修改用户的max file descriptors
[root@tango-centos01 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.max_map_count = 262144
- 修改用户的max number of threads
[root@tango-centos01 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
*                soft    nofile          65536
*                hard    nofile          65536
*                soft    nproc           4096
*                hard    nproc           4096
- 修改max virtual memory areas
[root@tango-centos01 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf ^C
tango      soft    nproc     unlimited
- 修改默认分配jvm空间大小
[root@tango-centos01 config]# vi jvm.options
-Xms512m
-Xmx512m

2.1.2 启动elasticsearch

1）nohup启动，检查输出日志，注不能以root方式启动

[tango@tango-centos01 elasticsearch-6.2.0]$ nohup ./bin/elasticsearch &
[2018-05-11T17:30:32,777][INFO ][o.e.c.s.MasterService    ] [node01] zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined), reason: new_master {node01}{Ed33-TuWRaO3KXZNEZcobg}{zfy-Ac2EQ4ymAbVjuR2Iog}{192.168.112.101}{192.168.112.101:9300}
[2018-05-11T17:30:32,785][INFO ][o.e.c.s.ClusterApplierService] [node01] new_master {node01}{Ed33-TuWRaO3KXZNEZcobg}{zfy-Ac2EQ4ymAbVjuR2Iog}{192.168.112.101}{192.168.112.101:9300}, reason: apply cluster state (from master [master {node01}{Ed33-TuWRaO3KXZNEZcobg}{zfy-Ac2EQ4ymAbVjuR2Iog}{192.168.112.101}{192.168.112.101:9300} committed version [1] source [zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined)]])
[2018-05-11T17:30:32,834][INFO ][o.e.g.GatewayService     ] [node01] recovered [0] indices into cluster_state
[2018-05-11T17:30:32,857][INFO ][o.e.h.n.Netty4HttpServerTransport] [node01] publish_address {192.168.112.101:9200}, bound_addresses {[::]:9200}
[2018-05-11T17:30:32,858][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [node01] started
[tango@tango-centos01 elasticsearch-6.2.0]$

2）检查服务正常

[tango@tango-centos01 elasticsearch-6.2.0]$ netstat -nltp|grep -E "9200|9300"
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp6       0      0 :::9200                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 192.168.112.101:9300    :::*                    LISTEN

3）访问端口9200查看ES信息

[tango@tango-centos01 elasticsearch-6.2.0]$ curl -X GET http://localhost:9200
{
  "name" : "node01",
  "cluster_name" : "es_cluster_01",
  "cluster_uuid" : "PTvcSNeFSrCO14dpelxPxA",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "6.2.0",
    "build_hash" : "37cdac1",
    "build_date" : "2018-02-01T17:31:12.527918Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "7.2.1",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "5.6.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "5.0.0"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

4）停止elasticsearch可通过ps -ef|grep elasticsearch命令查找进程然后kill -9 进程号的方式结束进程

[root@tango-centos01 local]# ps -ef|grep elas

2.1.3 安装Elasticsearch插件-head

head(集群几乎所有信息，还能进行简单的搜索查询，观察自动恢复的情况等)，安装elasticsearch-head插件需要nodejs的支持

1）安装elasticsearch-head插件

git clone git://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head.git
cd elasticsearch-head
npm install --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm run start

2）修改elasticsearch-head的配置文件Gruntfile.js

connect: {
           server: {
                    options: {
                            port: 9100,
                            hostname:'192.168.112.101',
                            base: '.',
                            keepalive: true
                            }
                    }
        }

3）启动elasticsearch-head

[root@tango-centos01 elasticsearch-head]# npm run start

> [email protected] start /usr/local/elk/elasticsearch-6.2.0/plugins/elasticsearch-head
> grunt server

>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-jasmine" not found. Is it installed?
(node:3892) ExperimentalWarning: The http2 module is an experimental API.

Running "connect:server" (connect) task
Waiting forever...
Started connect web server on http://192.168.112.101:9100

4）Elasticsearch重启后可能出现以下问题
这是因为插件不能放在elasticsearch的 plugins、modules 目录下，同时elasticsearch服务与elasticsearch-head之间可能存在跨越，修改elasticsearch配置即可，在elastichsearch.yml中添加如下命名即可：

#allow origin
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

5）关闭防火墙

[root@tango-centos02 /]# firewall-cmd --state
running
[root@tango-centos02 /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@tango-centos02 /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@tango-centos02 /]# firewall-cmd --state
not running

2.1.4 配置其它节点

1）将节点1的目录复制到其它节点

[root@tango-centos01 local]# scp -r elk 192.168.112.102:/usr/local/
[root@tango-centos01 local]# scp -r elk 192.168.112.103:/usr/local/

2）配置节点2的elasticsearch配置文件，只需要修改配置节点信息，其它保持不变

# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
node.name: node02
node.master: false
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: 192.168.112.102

3）启动节点2的elasticsearch

[tango@tango-centos02 elasticsearch-6.2.0]$ nohup ./bin/elasticsearch &

4）配置节点3的elasticsearch配置文件，只需要修改配置节点信息，其它保持不变

# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
node.name: node03
node.master: false
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: 192.168.112.103

5）启动节点3的elasticsearch

[tango@tango-centos03 elasticsearch-6.2.0]$ nohup ./bin/elasticsearch &

2.1.5 查看集群环境状态

• 访问以下地址，查看集群环境的状态http://192.168.112.101:9200/_cat/nodes?v

• 通过header插件查看集群状态

• 创建索引customer

[tango@tango-centos01 elasticsearch-6.2.0]$ curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/customer?pretty'
{
  "acknowledged" : true,
  "shards_acknowledged" : true,
  "index" : "customer"
}

• 查看索引状态

[tango@tango-centos01 elasticsearch-6.2.0]$ curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'
health status index    uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green  open   customer d_tLB6IDSFaPXmqPdhLZow   5   1          0            0      2.2kb          1.1kb

• 通过header插件查看集群状态
  

2.1.6 常用命令

a)	启动elasticsearch：
nohup ./bin/elasticsearch &
b)	检查elasticsearch端口：
netstat -nltp|grep -E "9200|9300"
c)	检查elasticsearch服务：
curl -X GET http://localhost:9200
d)	访问header：
http://192.168.112.101:9100
e)	创建索引：
curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/customer?pretty'
f)	查看索引信息：
curl 'http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'
g)	删除索引DELETE
curl -XDELETE 'localhost:9200/customer?pretty'
h)	统计索引数据信息：
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_stats?pretty'
i)	查看集群状态：
http://192.168.112.101:9200/_cat/nodes?v
j)	查看进程号：
ps -ef|grep elasticsearch

• 插入JSON格式语句

[tango@tango-centos01 elasticsearch-6.2.0]$ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT 'localhost:9200/customer/external/1?pretty' -d '
{
"name": "John Doe"
}
'
{
  "_index" : "customer",
  "_type" : "external",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 0,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

• 通过GET获取数据内容

[tango@tango-centos01 elasticsearch-6.2.0]$ curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/customer/external/1?pretty'
{
  "_index" : "customer",
  "_type" : "external",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "John Doe"
  }
}

2.2 Logstash环境

2.2.1 配置Logstash环境

1）安装logstash，如下命令解压安装包：

[root@tango-01 src]# tar -xzvf logstash-6.2.0.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/elk

2. 创建配置文件，输入分别到Kafka、Elasticsearch和MongoDB

[root@tango-01 config]# mkdir elk-syslog
[root@tango-01 config]# cd elk-syslog
[root@tango-01 elk-syslog]# pwd
/usr/local/elk/logstash-6.2.0/config/elk-syslog

• Logstash-es配置文件

# For detail structure of this file
# Set: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/configuration-file-structure.html
input {
  file {
    type => "system-message"
    path => "/var/log/messages"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
filter {
  #Only matched data are send to output.
}
output {
        elasticsearch {
hosts=> [ "192.168.112.101:9200","192.168.112.102:9200","192.168.112.103:9200" ]
        action => "index"
        index => "syslog-tango01-%{+yyyyMMdd}"
        }
}

• Logstash-kafka配置文件

# For detail structure of this file
# Set: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/configuration-file-structure.html
input {
  file {
    type => "system-message"
    path => "/var/log/messages"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
filter {
  #Only matched data are send to output.
}
output {
  kafka {
    bootstrap_servers => "192.168.112.101:9092,192.168.112.102:9092,192.168.112.103:9092"
    topic_id => "system-messages-tango-01"
    compression_type => "snappy"
  }
}

• Logstash-mongo配置文件

# For detail structure of this file
# Set: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/configuration-file-structure.html
input {
  file {
    type => "system-message"
    path => "/var/log/messages"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
filter {
  #Only matched data are send to output.
}
output {
        mongodb {
                uri => "mongodb://192.168.112.101:27017" ——MongoDB集群的主节点
                database => "syslogdb"
                collection => "syslog_tango_01"
        }
}

2.2.2 安装logstash-output-mongodb插件

默认情况下Logstash不安装logstash-output-mongodb插件，需要手动安装。将打包好的插件安装包上传到目标环境和目录，执行以下命令即可：

[root@tango-01 logstash-6.2.0]# bin/logstash-plugin install file:///usr/local/elk/logstash-6.2.0/logstash-offline-plugins-6.2.0.zip
Installing file: /usr/local/elk/logstash-6.2.0/logstash-offline-plugins-6.2.0.zip
Install successful

2.2.3 启动并验证

1）启动Logstash，指定目录则将目录下的配置文件作为输入

[root@tango-01 logstash-6.2.0]# nohup ./bin/logstash -f ./config/elk-syslog/ &

指定单个输出配置文件，如Elasticsearch：

nohup ./bin/logstash -f ./config/elk-syslog/logstash-es.conf &

2）查看输出日志

[2018-05-24T10:26:42,045][INFO ][logstash.runner          ] Starting Logstash {"logstash.version"=>"6.2.0"}
[2018-05-24T10:26:43,121][INFO ][logstash.agent           ] Successfully started Logstash API endpoint {:port=>9600}
[2018-05-24T10:26:50,125][INFO ][logstash.pipeline        ] Starting pipeline {:pipeline_id=>"main", "pipeline.workers"=>1, "pipeline.batch.size"=>125, "pipeline.batch.delay"=>50}
[2018-05-24T10:26:53,486][INFO ][logstash.pipeline        ] Pipeline started succesfully {:pipeline_id=>"main", :thread=>"#"}
[2018-05-24T10:26:53,841][INFO ][logstash.agent           ] Pipelines running {:count=>1, :pipelines=>["main"]}

3）统计Logstash传输数据到Elasticsearch中索引信息

curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_stats?pretty'

2.3 Kibana环境

1）解压Kibana安装文件

root@Tango:/usr/local/src# tar -xzvf kibana-6.2.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/elk

2）编辑配置文件

root@Tango:/usr/local/elk/kibana-6.2.0-linux-x86_64/config# gedit kibana.yml
# Kibana is served by a back end server. This setting specifies the port to use.
server.port: 5601

# Specifies the address to which the Kibana server will bind. IP addresses and host names are both valid values.
# The default is 'localhost', which usually means remote machines will not be able to connect.
# To allow connections from remote users, set this parameter to a non-loopback address.
server.host: 192.168.112.20

# The URL of the Elasticsearch instance to use for all your queries.
elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.112.101:9200"

3）后台启动Kibna服务

root@Tango:/usr/local/elk/kibana-6.2.0-linux-x86_64# nohup ./bin/kibana &

4）停止kibana进程

root@Tango:/usr/local/elk/kibana-6.2.0-linux-x86_64#  fuser -n tcp 5601
5601/tcp:             3942
root@Tango:/usr/local/elk/kibana-6.2.0-linux-x86_64#  kill -9 3942
root@Tango:/usr/local/elk/kibana-6.2.0-linux-x86_64#  fuser -n tcp 5601

5）通过浏览器地址http://192.168.112.20:5601访问kibana

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