Rsync服务

一、Rsync概述

  rsync英文称为 remote synchronizetion，rsync具有可使本地和远程两台主机之间的数据快速复制同步镜像、远程备份的功能，功能类似于ssh带的scp命令，优于scp命令的功能，scp每次都是全量拷贝，而rsync可以增量拷贝。

二、实验准备

  本实验模拟Rsync的远程模式（ssh隧道模式），模拟过程中，需要两台虚拟机（一台充当服务端，另一台充当客户端）。

三、实验步骤

3.1 基础操作

①安装rsync服务的包

[root@openEuler1 ~]# dnf install -y rsync
[root@openEuler2 ~]# dnf install -y rsync

②push推操作

#先创建一个文件
[root@openEuler1 ~]# echo " [email protected] " > /opt/xyz.txt
[root@openEuler1 ~]# ll /opt/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Jan 25 16:17 xyz.txt
#进行push推操作，相当于上传，由于我配置了免密钥登录，所有在此没有要密码
[root@openEuler1 ~]# rsync -avz /opt/xyz.txt 192.168.126.141:/opt/        #-a表示：递归传输数据，保持文件属性和权限；-v表示：显示详细信息；-z表示：传输是进行压缩提高传输效率
Authorized users only. All activities may be monitored and reported.
sending incremental file list
xyz.txt

sent 131 bytes  received 35 bytes  110.67 bytes/sec
total size is 23  speedup is 0.14
#查看结果
[root@openEuler2 ~]# ll /opt/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Jan 25 16:17 xyz.txt

③pull拉操作

#与push是相反的操作
[root@openEuler1 ~]# rsync -avz 192.168.126.141:/opt/xyz.txt /root/

Authorized users only. All activities may be monitored and reported.
receiving incremental file list
xyz.txt

sent 43 bytes  received 131 bytes  116.00 bytes/sec
total size is 23  speedup is 0.13
#查看结果
[root@openEuler1 ~]# ll /root/
total 12
-rw-------. 1 root root  706 Jan 23 21:05 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Jan 23 22:20 findfiles
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   23 Jan 25 16:17 xyz.txt

3.2 守护进程 

3.2.1 服务端配置

①创建需要传输的目录

[root@openEuler1 ~]# mkdir /backup

 ②配置文件

[root@openEuler1 ~]# vim + /etc/rsyncd.conf
#全局配置
uid = rsync
gid = rsync
use chroot = no
max connections = 100
timeout = 300
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsyncd.lock
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
ignore errors
dont compress = *.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.Z *.rpm *.deb *.bz2
hosts allow = 192.168.126.0/24
fake super = yes        #这个必须写，不写服务无法启动
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.passwd
#局部配置
[bak]        #共享的目的地名字
        comment = my backup        #描述信息
        path = /backup        #这台机器的哪一个目录让它进行传文件
        read only = false        #权限设置
        list = false        #权限设置

 ③创建用户（与配置文件指定的要一致）

[root@openEuler1 ~]# useradd rsync -s /sbin/nologin -M        #-s /sbin/nologin 不需要登录 -M没有家目录
[root@openEuler1 ~]# cat > /etc/rsync.passwd << EOF
> rsync_backup:123456
> EOF

 ④修改文件和目录权限

[root@openEuler1 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.passwd
[root@openEuler1 ~]# chown -R rsync:rsync /backup

⑤启动服务

[root@openEuler1 ~]# systemctl start rsyncd

3.2.2 客户端测试

[root@openEuler2 ~]# rsync -avz /opt/xyz.txt [email protected]::bak
Password:
sending incremental file list
xyz.txt

sent 125 bytes  received 43 bytes  48.00 bytes/sec
total size is 13  speedup is 0.08

3.2.3 客户端免密登录

[root@openEuler2 ~]# rsync -avz /opt/xyz.txt [email protected]::bak --password-file=/etc/rsync.passwd
sending incremental file list
xyz.txt

sent 132 bytes  received 49 bytes  362.00 bytes/sec
total size is 20  speedup is 0.11
[root@openEuler2 ~]# more /opt/xyz.txt
娇小赤雅
123456