python3.8 安装缺少ssl、_ctypes模块解决办法
问题
安装pyhton3.8安装默认不依赖ssl
运行Flask项目时报错：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/python3/bin/flask", line 8, in
sys.exit(main())
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/cli.py", line 967, in main
cli.main(args=sys.argv[1:], prog_name="python -m flask" if as_module else None)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/cli.py", line 586, in main
return super(FlaskGroup, self).main(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1078, in main
rv = self.invoke(ctx)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1686, in invoke
sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/core.py", line 943, in make_context
self.parse_args(ctx, args)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1408, in parse_args
value, args = param.handle_parse_result(ctx, opts, args)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/core.py", line 2400, in handle_parse_result
value = self.process_value(ctx, value)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/click/core.py", line 2362, in process_value
value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/cli.py", line 742, in _validate_key
is_context = isinstance(cert, ssl.SSLContext)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'SSLContext' 查看文件../site-packages/flask/cli.py，导入ssl包失败会捕获异常并将ssl赋值为None
自己import ssl也报错找不到ssl模块，确认是缺少ssl模块
解决
在编译安装python时候安装ssl模块
文件中 Modules/Setup去掉注释这五行
重新编译安装python
./configure --with-ssl --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install如果编译python过程中报错：
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -I./Include/internal -I. -I./Include -DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN -DUSE_SSL -I/usr/local/ssl/include -I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl -c ./Modules/_ssl.c -o Modules/_ssl.o
./Modules/_ssl.c:57:10: fatal error: openssl/rsa.h: No such file or directory
#include "openssl/rsa.h"
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make: *** [Makefile:1932: Modules/_ssl.o] Error 1
则需要安装openssl:
下载地址
参见https://www.openssl.org/，包括以下版本：
https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-3.1.0-alpha1.tar.gz
https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1s.tar.gz
https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-3.0.7.tar.gz
编译安装
注：编译之前请先确保系统中安装了make以及gcc的软件包。，编译安装前确认/usr/include/openssl/为空
tar -zxf openssl-1.1.1s.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1s/
./config -fPIC --prefix=/usr/include/openssl enable-shared
make
make install其中：
- l -fPIC: 位置无关代码
- l --prefix=: 路径 一般选 /usr/include/openssl
- l enbale-shared: 动态库
要在Debian、Ubuntu或者其他衍生版上安装OpenSSL：
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
要在[Fedora][CentOS]或者RHEL上安装OpenSSL开发包：
sudo yum install openssl-devel
安装完后，尝试重新编译程序。
验证ssl模块安装成功：
使用pip安装bson的时候报错：”ModuleNotFoundError:No module named _ctypes“ 的解决方案
1、执行如下命令：
yum install libffi-devel
2、从"./configure ..."重新安装
问题二：pip3 install时报错“pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.”
先安装openssl-dev，然后重新编译安装，只是在编译的过程中加入 --enable-optimizations