TS项目实战一：流淌的字符动画界面

  使用ts实现虚拟世界，创建ts项目，并编写ts代码，使用tsc编译后直接加载到html界面，实现类似黑客帝国中的流淌的代码界面的效果。
源码下载地址：点击下载

1. 讲解视频
   

   TS实战项目一：数字流界面项目创建

   
   

   TS实战项目三：动画效果优化

   )]
   

   TS实战项目二：黑客界面组件绘制

2. B站视频
   

   TS实战项目一：数字流界面项目创建

   
   

   TS实战项目三：动画效果优化

   现)]
   

   TS实战项目二：数字流界面组件实现

3. 西瓜视频
   https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1za4y1k7tz/
   https://www.ixigua.com/7327475844874994227
   https://www.ixigua.com/7327849788131508790

一．预期效果

二．知识点

1. tsc编译
2. tsconfig.json配置项
3. 模块定义及导入导出
4. 类定义
5. 参数属性
6. 存取器

三．实现思路

  创建paint创建每个单元格的具体信息，包括要展示的字符、大小、颜色等信息；创建col实现每一列的的内容，列中包含该列中具体的paint信息，可以进行流淌动画的执行及字符的更新等。
自动计算界面大小，动态调整列的数量及字符的尺寸，通过定时动画实现字符颜色的变动及流淌的效果。

四．创建项目

1. 创建node项目，使用npm init命令，如下：
   

2. 安装ts库，npm install TypeScript --save：
   

3. .\node_modules.bin\tsc --init生成ts的项目配置文件，此处注意直接用vscode的powershell运行的时候会保存，请切换到cmd命令窗口执行命令：
   
   
   

4. 安装lite-server库，npm install lite-server，用于提供web服务：
   

   安装完毕后的目录结构如下：
   

抖创建完毕后需要对项目进行初始化配置：

1. 添加lite-server的启动指令，在package.json中的scripts中添加项目启动指令：“start”: “lite-server”，添加后可以直接使用npm start进行启动，启动后会自动启动一个web服务器，并自动打开默认浏览器，切每次js、css或html文件变动之后会自动刷新网页：
   
   

2. 将tsconfig.json中的module指定为es6，baseUrl设置为’./’，rootDirs设置为[]，inlineSourceMap设置为true，outDir设置为./dist，具体的明细如下：

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    /* Visit https://aka.ms/tsconfig to read more about this file */
    /* Projects */
    // "incremental": true,                              /* Save .tsbuildinfo files to allow for incremental compilation of projects. */
    // "composite": true,                                /* Enable constraints that allow a TypeScript project to be used with project references. */
    // "tsBuildInfoFile": "./.tsbuildinfo",              /* Specify the path to .tsbuildinfo incremental compilation file. */
    // "disableSourceOfProjectReferenceRedirect": true,  /* Disable preferring source files instead of declaration files when referencing composite projects. */
    // "disableSolutionSearching": true,                 /* Opt a project out of multi-project reference checking when editing. */
    // "disableReferencedProjectLoad": true,             /* Reduce the number of projects loaded automatically by TypeScript. */
    /* Language and Environment */
    "target": "es2016", /* Set the JavaScript language version for emitted JavaScript and include compatible library declarations. */
    // "lib": [], /* Specify a set of bundled library declaration files that describe the target runtime environment. */
    // "jsx": "preserve",                                /* Specify what JSX code is generated. */
    // "experimentalDecorators": true,                   /* Enable experimental support for legacy experimental decorators. */
    // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,                    /* Emit design-type metadata for decorated declarations in source files. */
    // "jsxFactory": "",                                 /* Specify the JSX factory function used when targeting React JSX emit, e.g. 'React.createElement' or 'h'. */
    // "jsxFragmentFactory": "",                         /* Specify the JSX Fragment reference used for fragments when targeting React JSX emit e.g. 'React.Fragment' or 'Fragment'. */
    // "jsxImportSource": "",                            /* Specify module specifier used to import the JSX factory functions when using 'jsx: react-jsx*'. */
    // "reactNamespace": "",                             /* Specify the object invoked for 'createElement'. This only applies when targeting 'react' JSX emit. */
    // "noLib": true,                                    /* Disable including any library files, including the default lib.d.ts. */
    // "useDefineForClassFields": true,                  /* Emit ECMAScript-standard-compliant class fields. */
    // "moduleDetection": "auto",                        /* Control what method is used to detect module-format JS files. */
    /* Modules */
    "module": "ES6", /* Specify what module code is generated. */
    // "rootDir": "./",                                  /* Specify the root folder within your source files. */
    // "moduleResolution": "node10",                     /* Specify how TypeScript looks up a file from a given module specifier. */
    "baseUrl": "./", /* Specify the base directory to resolve non-relative module names. */
    // "paths": {},                                      /* Specify a set of entries that re-map imports to additional lookup locations. */
    "rootDirs": [], /* Allow multiple folders to be treated as one when resolving modules. */
    // "typeRoots": [],                                  /* Specify multiple folders that act like './node_modules/@types'. */
    // "types": [],                                      /* Specify type package names to be included without being referenced in a source file. */
    // "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true,                     /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules. */
    // "moduleSuffixes": [],                             /* List of file name suffixes to search when resolving a module. */
    // "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,               /* Allow imports to include TypeScript file extensions. Requires '--moduleResolution bundler' and either '--noEmit' or '--emitDeclarationOnly' to be set. */
    // "resolvePackageJsonExports": true,                /* Use the package.json 'exports' field when resolving package imports. */
    // "resolvePackageJsonImports": true,                /* Use the package.json 'imports' field when resolving imports. */
    // "customConditions": [],                           /* Conditions to set in addition to the resolver-specific defaults when resolving imports. */
    // "resolveJsonModule": true,                        /* Enable importing .json files. */
    // "allowArbitraryExtensions": true,                 /* Enable importing files with any extension, provided a declaration file is present. */
    // "noResolve": true,                                /* Disallow 'import's, 'require's or ''s from expanding the number of files TypeScript should add to a project. */
    /* JavaScript Support */
    // "allowJs": true,                                  /* Allow JavaScript files to be a part of your program. Use the 'checkJS' option to get errors from these files. */
    // "checkJs": true,                                  /* Enable error reporting in type-checked JavaScript files. */
    // "maxNodeModuleJsDepth": 1,                        /* Specify the maximum folder depth used for checking JavaScript files from 'node_modules'. Only applicable with 'allowJs'. */
    /* Emit */
    // "declaration": true,                              /* Generate .d.ts files from TypeScript and JavaScript files in your project. */
    // "declarationMap": true,                           /* Create sourcemaps for d.ts files. */
    // "emitDeclarationOnly": true,                      /* Only output d.ts files and not JavaScript files. */
    // "sourceMap": true, /* Create source map files for emitted JavaScript files. */
    "inlineSourceMap": true, /* Include sourcemap files inside the emitted JavaScript. */
    // "outFile": "./index.js", /* Specify a file that bundles all outputs into one JavaScript file. If 'declaration' is true, also designates a file that bundles all .d.ts output. */
    "outDir": "./dist", /* Specify an output folder for all emitted files. */
    // "removeComments": true,                           /* Disable emitting comments. */
    // "noEmit": true,                                   /* Disable emitting files from a compilation. */
    // "importHelpers": true,                            /* Allow importing helper functions from tslib once per project, instead of including them per-file. */
    // "importsNotUsedAsValues": "remove",               /* Specify emit/checking behavior for imports that are only used for types. */
    // "downlevelIteration": true,                       /* Emit more compliant, but verbose and less performant JavaScript for iteration. */
    // "sourceRoot": "",                                 /* Specify the root path for debuggers to find the reference source code. */
    // "mapRoot": "",                                    /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
    // "inlineSources": true,                            /* Include source code in the sourcemaps inside the emitted JavaScript. */
    // "emitBOM": true,                                  /* Emit a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark (BOM) in the beginning of output files. */
    // "newLine": "crlf",                                /* Set the newline character for emitting files. */
    // "stripInternal": true,                            /* Disable emitting declarations that have '@internal' in their JSDoc comments. */
    // "noEmitHelpers": true,                            /* Disable generating custom helper functions like '__extends' in compiled output. */
    // "noEmitOnError": true,                            /* Disable emitting files if any type checking errors are reported. */
    // "preserveConstEnums": true,                       /* Disable erasing 'const enum' declarations in generated code. */
    // "declarationDir": "./",                           /* Specify the output directory for generated declaration files. */
    // "preserveValueImports": true,                     /* Preserve unused imported values in the JavaScript output that would otherwise be removed. */
    /* Interop Constraints */
    // "isolatedModules": true,                          /* Ensure that each file can be safely transpiled without relying on other imports. */
    // "verbatimModuleSyntax": true,                     /* Do not transform or elide any imports or exports not marked as type-only, ensuring they are written in the output file's format based on the 'module' setting. */
    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true, /* Allow 'import x from y' when a module doesn't have a default export. */
    "esModuleInterop": true, /* Emit additional JavaScript to ease support for importing CommonJS modules. This enables 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports' for type compatibility. */
    // "preserveSymlinks": true,                         /* Disable resolving symlinks to their realpath. This correlates to the same flag in node. */
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true, /* Ensure that casing is correct in imports. */
    /* Type Checking */
    "strict": true, /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
    // "noImplicitAny": true,                            /* Enable error reporting for expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
    // "strictNullChecks": true,                         /* When type checking, take into account 'null' and 'undefined'. */
    // "strictFunctionTypes": true,                      /* When assigning functions, check to ensure parameters and the return values are subtype-compatible. */
    // "strictBindCallApply": true,                      /* Check that the arguments for 'bind', 'call', and 'apply' methods match the original function. */
    // "strictPropertyInitialization": true,             /* Check for class properties that are declared but not set in the constructor. */
    // "noImplicitThis": true,                           /* Enable error reporting when 'this' is given the type 'any'. */
    // "useUnknownInCatchVariables": true,               /* Default catch clause variables as 'unknown' instead of 'any'. */
    // "alwaysStrict": true,                             /* Ensure 'use strict' is always emitted. */
    // "noUnusedLocals": true,                           /* Enable error reporting when local variables aren't read. */
    // "noUnusedParameters": true,                       /* Raise an error when a function parameter isn't read. */
    // "exactOptionalPropertyTypes": true,               /* Interpret optional property types as written, rather than adding 'undefined'. */
    // "noImplicitReturns": true,                        /* Enable error reporting for codepaths that do not explicitly return in a function. */
    // "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,               /* Enable error reporting for fallthrough cases in switch statements. */
    // "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,                 /* Add 'undefined' to a type when accessed using an index. */
    // "noImplicitOverride": true,                       /* Ensure overriding members in derived classes are marked with an override modifier. */
    // "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": true,       /* Enforces using indexed accessors for keys declared using an indexed type. */
    // "allowUnusedLabels": true,                        /* Disable error reporting for unused labels. */
    // "allowUnreachableCode": true,                     /* Disable error reporting for unreachable code. */
    /* Completeness */
    // "skipDefaultLibCheck": true,                      /* Skip type checking .d.ts files that are included with TypeScript. */
    "skipLibCheck": true /* Skip type checking all .d.ts files. */
  },
  "files": [
    "./src/index.ts",
  ]
}

3.新建src目录及dist目录，src目录中创建index.ts文件，根目录创建index.html文件：

五．编码实现

1. index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>黑客帝国演示</title>
    <style>
        html,
        body {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            margin: 0px;
            padding: 0px;
            background-color: black;
        }

        #app {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            color: #fff;
            display: flex;
            overflow: hidden;
        }

        .col {
            flex: 1;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 30px;
        }

        .point {}
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app"></div>
    <script type="module" src="/dist/index.js"></script>
    <script>

    </script>
</body>

</html>

2. index.ts

import Col from './col';
/**
 * 入口文件，控制字符的内容
 */
import Point from './point';

//列的数量
let colCount: number = 0;
//字符的大小
let charSize: number = 30;
//颜色
let sizes: number[] = [18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30];
//颜色
let colors = ['#00ffd2ef', '#00fb6744', '#00d55777', '#00d50888', '#00ff0a33', '#3efb0266'];
//生成数据
let cols: Array<Col> = new Array<Col>();
//字符集
let chars: string[] = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', ',', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '~', '!', '@', '#', '$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '"', '.', '/', '+', '-'];

/**
 * 动态效果
 */
const animina = () => {
    cols.forEach(col => {
        for (let i = col.points.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
            col.points[i].char = col.points[i - 1].char;
            col.points[i].div.innerText = col.points[i].char;

            let color = colors[parseInt((Math.random() * 10) + '') % colors.length];
            col.points[i].color = color;
            col.points[i].div.style.color = color;


            let size = sizes[parseInt((Math.random() * 20) + '') % sizes.length];
            col.points[i].size = size;
            col.points[i].div.style.fontSize = col.points[i].size + 'ox';
        }

        let char = chars[parseInt((Math.random() * 100) + '') % chars.length];
        col.points[0].char = char;
        col.points[0].div.innerText = col.points[0].char;

        let color = colors[parseInt((Math.random() * 10) + '') % colors.length];
        col.points[0].color = color;
        col.points[0].div.style.color = color;

        let size = sizes[parseInt((Math.random() * 20) + '') % sizes.length];
        col.points[0].size = size;
        col.points[0].div.style.fontSize = col.points[0].size + 'ox';
    })
    window.requestAnimationFrame(animina);
}

/**
 * 初始化界面
 */
const init = () => {
    //计算列数
    colCount = window.screen.availWidth / (charSize + 8);

    //生成组件
    for (let i = 0; i < colCount; i++) {
        let points: Array<Point> = new Array<Point>();
        let div: HTMLElement = document.createElement('div');
        div.className = "col";

        for (let j = 0; j < 50; j++) {
            let pointdiv: HTMLElement = document.createElement('div');
            pointdiv.className = "point";

            let char = chars[parseInt((Math.random() * 100) + '') % chars.length];
            let color = colors[parseInt((Math.random() * 10) + '') % colors.length];
            let size = sizes[parseInt((Math.random() * 20) + '') % sizes.length];

            let point: Point = new Point(char, size, color, pointdiv);

            pointdiv.innerText = point.char;
            pointdiv.style.fontSize = point.size + 'px';
            // pointdiv.style.fontWeight = '600';
            pointdiv.style.color = point.color;

            points.push(point);
        }

        let col: Col = new Col(points, div);
        cols.push(col);
    }

    //绘制到界面上
    let root: HTMLElement | null = document.getElementById('app');
    root?.remove();
    root = document.createElement('div');
    root.id = 'app';
    document.body.appendChild(root);

    cols.forEach(col => {
        col.points.forEach(point => {
            let pointdiv = point.div;
            col.div.appendChild(pointdiv);
        })
        root?.append(col.div);
    })

    window.requestAnimationFrame(animina);
}

//将内容挂在到界面
window.onload = function (event: any) {
    init();
}
export default init;

3. col.ts

import Point from './point';

/**
 * 每一列展示的内容
 */
export default class Col {
    constructor(private _points: Array<Point>, private _div: HTMLElement) {
    }

    set points(points: Array<Point>) {
        this._points = points;
    }
    get points(): Array<Point> {
        return this._points;
    }

    set div(points: HTMLElement) {
        this._div = points;
    }
    get div(): HTMLElement {
        return this._div;
    }
}

4. point.ts

/**
 * 界面中基本元素
 */
export default class Point {
    /**
     * 构造函数
     * @param char  字符
     * @param size 大小
     * @param color 颜色
     */
    constructor(private _char: string, private _size: number, private _color: string, private _div: HTMLElement) { }

    set char(char: string) {
        this._char = char;
    }
    get char(): string {
        return this._char;
    }
    set size(size: number) {
        this._size = size;
    }
    get size(): number {
        return this._size;
    }
    set color(color: string) {
        this._color = color;
    }
    get color(): string {
        return this._color;
    }
    set div(div: HTMLElement) {
        this._div = div;
    }
    get div(): HTMLElement {
        return this._div;
    }
}

六．效果预览

七．遇到的问题

问题一： 项目创建后无法加载到html界面，需要指定编译输出为es6才可以，使用其它的模块加载器，需要引入对应的模块加载器环境。

问题二： ts中引入的import Point from ‘./Point’，在js中未自动添加.js后缀，导致界面加载时找不到paint文件，加载失败，需要手动将编译后js文件中的import 语句中添加上.js后缀。

问题三： 使用window.onload(()=>{})时报错，传入的回调函数的类型不匹配，因为有可能回调的时候this时null，需要直接使用window.onload = function():any{}的方式进行监听界面加载完毕的事件。