系统启动流程
POST-->BIOS(Boot Sequence)-->MBR(bootloader,446)-->Kernel-->initrd-->(ROOTFS)/sbin/init(/etc/inittab)
Kernel初始化的过程:
1、设备探测
2、驱动初始化(可能会从initrd(initramfs)文件中装载驱动模块)
3、以只读挂载根文件系统;
4、装载第一个进程init(PID:1) (rw重新挂载rootfs)
initrd初始化的过程
/sbin/init:(/etc/inittab) upstart: ubuntu, d-bus, event-driven # (比传统init速度快) systemd: #(并行启动多个进程)
/sbin/init(/etc/inittab) 的初始化过程
rh6采用upstart,inittab无需过多配置
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/inittab # inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel. # # ADDING OTHER CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM. # # System initialization is started by /etc/init/rcS.conf # # Individual runlevels are started by /etc/init/rc.conf # # Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf # # Terminal gettys are handled by /etc/init/tty.conf and /etc/init/serial.conf, # with configuration in /etc/sysconfig/init. # # For information on how to write upstart event handlers, or how # upstart works, see init(5), init(8), and initctl(8). # # Default runlevel. The runlevels used are: # 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # 1 - Single user mode # 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) # 3 - Full multiuser mode # 4 - unused # 5 - X11 # 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # id:5:initdefault: [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# uname -a Linux localhost 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 16 01:56:35 EDT 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/init #(inittab切割为多个*.conf文件;事件驱动) control-alt-delete.conf plymouth-shutdown.conf rc.conf rcS-sulogin.conf readahead-disable-services.conf start-ttys.conf init-system-dbus.conf prefdm.conf rcS.conf readahead-collector.conf serial.conf tty.conf kexec-disable.conf quit-plymouth.conf rcS-emergency.conf readahead.conf splash-manager.conf [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/init/rcS.conf #(事件驱动) # rcS - runlevel compatibility # # This task runs the old sysv-rc startup scripts. # # Do not edit this file directly. If you want to change the behaviour, # please create a file rcS.override and put your changes there. start on startup stop on runlevel task # Note: there can be no previous runlevel here, if we have one it's bad # information (we enter rc1 not rcS for maintenance). Run /etc/rc.d/rc # without information so that it defaults to previous=N runlevel=S. console output pre-start script for t in $(cat /proc/cmdline); do case $t in emergency) start rcS-emergency break ;; esac done end script exec /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit post-stop script if [ "$UPSTART_EVENTS" = "startup" ]; then [ -f /etc/inittab ] && runlevel=$(/bin/awk -F ':' '$3 == "initdefault" && $1 !~ "^#" { print $2 }' /etc/inittab) [ -z "$runlevel" ] && runlevel="3" for t in $(cat /proc/cmdline); do case $t in -s|single|S|s) runlevel="S" ;; [1-9]) runlevel="$t" ;; esac done exec telinit $runlevel fi end script [root@localhost ~]#
主要分析rh5的inittab作用
(每一行代表运行一个进程)
id:3:initdefault: id:runlevels:action:process id: 标识符 runlevels: 在哪个级别运行此行; action: 在什么情况下执行此行; process: 要运行程序; si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit action: initdefault: 设定默认运行级别 sysinit: 系统初始化 wait: 等待级别切换至此级别时执行 respawn: 一旦程序终止,会重新启动
总结inittab脚本任务
/etc/inittab的任务:
1、设定默认运行级别;
2、运行系统初始化脚本;
3、运行指定运行级别对应的目录下的脚本;
4、设定Ctrl+Alt+Del组合键的操作;
5、定义UPS电源在电源故障/恢复时执行的操作;
6、启动虚拟终端(2345级别);
7、启动图形终端(5级别);
学习脚本:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit完成的任务(系统初始化):
[root@localhost ~]# wc -l /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit 681 /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit [root@localhost ~]# file /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit: Bourne-Again shell script text executable
1、激活udev和selinux; (前200行左右)
2、根据/etc/sysctl.conf文件,来设定内核参数;
3、设定时钟时钟;
4、装载键盘映射;
5、启用交换分区;
6、设置主机名;
7、根文件系统检测,并以读写方式重新挂载;
8、激活RAID和LVM设备;
9、启用磁盘配额;
10、根据/etc/fstab,检查并挂载其它文件系统;
11、清理过期的锁和PID文件;
for I in /etc/rc3.d/K*; do $I stop done for I in /etc/rc3.d/S*; do $I start done
##: 关闭或启动的优先次序,数据越小越优先被选定
先关闭以K开头的服务,后启动以S开头的服务;
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/rc.d/rc #! /bin/bash # # rc This file is responsible for starting/stopping # services when the runlevel changes. # # Original Author: # Miquel van Smoorenburg,# set -m # check a file to be a correct runlevel script check_runlevel () { # Check if the file exists at all. [ -x "$1" ] || return 1 is_ignored_file "$1" && return 1 return 0 } # Now find out what the current and what the previous runlevel are. argv1="$1" set $(/sbin/runlevel) runlevel=$2 previous=$1 export runlevel previous . /etc/init.d/functions export CONSOLETYPE do_confirm="no" if [ -f /var/run/confirm ]; then do_confirm="yes" fi UPSTART= [ -x /sbin/initctl ] && UPSTART=yes # See if we want to be in user confirmation mode if [ "$previous" = "N" ]; then if [ "$do_confirm" = "yes" ]; then echo $"Entering interactive startup" else echo $"Entering non-interactive startup" fi fi # Get first argument. Set new runlevel to this argument. [ -n "$argv1" ] && runlevel="$argv1" # Is there an rc directory for this new runlevel? [ -d /etc/rc$runlevel.d ] || exit 0 # Set language, vc settings once to avoid doing it for every init script # through functions if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/i18n -a -z "${NOLOCALE:-}" ] ; then . /etc/profile.d/lang.sh 2>/dev/null export LANGSH_SOURCED=1 fi # First, run the KILL scripts. for i in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/K* ; do # Check if the subsystem is already up. subsys=${i#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/K??} [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys -o -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys.init ] || continue check_runlevel "$i" || continue # Bring the subsystem down. [ -n "$UPSTART" ] && initctl emit --quiet stopping JOB=$subsys $i stop [ -n "$UPSTART" ] && initctl emit --quiet stopped JOB=$subsys done # Now run the START scripts. for i in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/S* ; do # Check if the subsystem is already up. subsys=${i#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/S??} [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys ] && continue [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys.init ] && continue check_runlevel "$i" || continue # If we're in confirmation mode, get user confirmation if [ "$do_confirm" = "yes" ]; then confirm $subsys rc=$? if [ "$rc" = "1" ]; then continue elif [ "$rc" = "2" ]; then do_confirm="no" fi fi update_boot_stage "$subsys" # Bring the subsystem up. [ -n "$UPSTART" ] && initctl emit --quiet starting JOB=$subsys if [ "$subsys" = "halt" -o "$subsys" = "reboot" ]; then export LC_ALL=C exec $i start fi $i start [ -n "$UPSTART" ] && initctl emit --quiet started JOB=$subsys done [ "$do_confirm" = "yes" ] && rm -f /var/run/confirm exit 0 [root@localhost ~]#
启动的服务不同:
运行级别:0-6
0:halt 1: single user mode, #直接以管理员身份切入, s,S,single 2:multi user mode, no NFS 3: multi user mode, text mode 4:reserved 5: multi user mode, graphic mode 6: reboot
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/ #(运行级别0) K01smartd K10psacct K25sshd K50snmptrapd K74ntpd K80kdump K87irqbalance K90network K99rngd K02rhsmcertd K10saslauthd K30postfix K50xinetd K75blk-availability K83bluetooth K87restorecond K92ip6tables K99sysstat K03rhnsd K15htcacheclean K30spice-vdagentd K60crond K75netfs K84NetworkManager K88auditd K92iptables S00killall K05atd K15httpd K50dnsmasq K73winbind K75ntpdate K84wpa_supplicant K88rsyslog K95firstboot S01halt K05wdaemon K16abrt-ccpp K50netconsole K74acpid K75quota_nld K85mdmonitor K89portreserve K99cpuspeed K10cups K16abrtd K50snmpd K74haldaemon K75udev-post K85messagebus K89rdisc K99lvm2-monitor [root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/ #(运行级别6) K01smartd K10psacct K25sshd K50snmptrapd K74ntpd K80kdump K87irqbalance K90network K99rngd K02rhsmcertd K10saslauthd K30postfix K50xinetd K75blk-availability K83bluetooth K87restorecond K92ip6tables K99sysstat K03rhnsd K15htcacheclean K30spice-vdagentd K60crond K75netfs K84NetworkManager K88auditd K92iptables S00killall K05atd K15httpd K50dnsmasq K73winbind K75ntpdate K84wpa_supplicant K88rsyslog K95firstboot S01reboot K05wdaemon K16abrt-ccpp K50netconsole K74acpid K75quota_nld K85mdmonitor K89portreserve K99cpuspeed K10cups K16abrtd K50snmpd K74haldaemon K75udev-post K85messagebus K89rdisc K99lvm2-monitor [root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/ #(运行级别5) K01smartd K50netconsole K84wpa_supplicant S08iptables S15mdmonitor S26acpid S80postfix S99firstboot K05wdaemon K50snmpd K87restorecond S10network S20kdump S26haldaemon S82abrt-ccpp S99local K10psacct K50snmptrapd K89rdisc S11auditd S22messagebus S26udev-post S82abrtd K10saslauthd K73winbind K99rngd S11portreserve S23NetworkManager S50bluetooth S90crond K15htcacheclean K74ntpd S01sysstat S12rsyslog S25blk-availability S55sshd S95atd K15httpd K75ntpdate S02lvm2-monitor S13cpuspeed S25cups S56xinetd S97rhnsd K50dnsmasq K75quota_nld S08ip6tables S13irqbalance S25netfs S70spice-vdagentd S97rhsmcertd [root@localhost ~]#
rc.d服务类脚本:
start SysV: /etc/rc.d/init.d start|stop|restart|status reload|configtest
服务类脚本遵循的规则如下(自动创建链接):
# chkconfig: runlevels SS KK 当chkconfig命令来为此脚本在rc#.d目录创建链接时,runlevels表示默认创建为S*开头的链接,-表示没有级别默认为S*开头的链接;除此之外的级别默认创建为K*开头的链接;
S后面的启动优先级为SS所表示的数字;K后面关闭优先次序为KK所表示的数字;
# description: 用于说明此脚本的简单功能; \, 续行
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/init.d/ # (服务类脚本目录) abrt-ccpp blk-availability firstboot ip6tables lvm2-monitor NetworkManager quota_nld rsyslog snmptrapd winbind abrtd bluetooth functions iptables mdmonitor ntpd rdisc sandbox spice-vdagentd wpa_supplicant abrt-oops cpuspeed haldaemon irqbalance messagebus ntpdate restorecond saslauthd sshd xinetd acpid crond halt kdump netconsole portreserve rhnsd single sysstat atd cups htcacheclean killall netfs postfix rhsmcertd smartd udev-post auditd dnsmasq httpd lvm2-lvmetad network psacct rngd snmpd wdaemon [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/ [root@localhost init.d]# head acpid atd ==> acpid <== #!/bin/bash # # /etc/rc.d/init.d/acpid # # Starts the acpi daemon # # chkconfig: 345 26 74 # description: Listen and dispatch ACPI events from the kernel # processname: acpid ==> atd <== #!/bin/sh # # atd Starts/stop the "at" daemon # # chkconfig: 345 95 5 # description: Runs commands scheduled by the "at" command at the time \ # specified when "at" was run, and runs batch commands when the load \ # average is low enough. ### BEGIN INIT INFO [root@localhost init.d]#
chkconfig 编译服务类脚本为不同级别下的独立守护服务
# chkconfig: runlevels SS KK 当chkconfig命令来为此脚本在rc#.d目录创建链接时,runlevels表示默认创建为S*开头的链接,-表示没有级别默认为S*开头的链接;除此之外的级别默认创建为K*开头的链接; S后面的启动优先级为SS所表示的数字;K后面关闭优先次序为KK所表示的数字; # description: 用于说明此脚本的简单功能; \, 续行 chkconfig --list: 查看所有独立守护服务的启动设定;独立守护进程! chkconfig --list SERVICE_NAME chkconfig --add SERVICE_NAME chkconfig --del SERVICE_NAME chkconfig [--level RUNLEVELS] SERVICE_NAME {on|off} #如果省略级别指定,默认为2345级别;
自定义服务类脚本myservice
[root@localhost init.d]# bash myservice.sh start starting... [root@localhost init.d]# bash myservice.sh status running... [root@localhost init.d]# bash myservice.sh stop stoping... [root@localhost init.d]# bash myservice.sh status stopped [root@localhost init.d]# cat myservice.sh #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: 2345 88 11 # description: my test service lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/myservice case $1 in start) echo "starting..." touch $lockfile ;; stop) echo "stoping..." rm -f $lockfile &> /dev/null ;; restart) echo "restarting...";; status) if [ -e $lockfile ];then echo "running..." else echo "stopped" fi ;; *) echo "`basename $0` {start|stop|restart|status}";; esac [root@localhost init.d]#
[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --list NetworkManager 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off abrt-ccpp 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off abrtd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off acpid 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off atd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off auditd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off blk-availability 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off bluetooth 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off cpuspeed 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off cups 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off dnsmasq 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off firstboot 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off haldaemon 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off htcacheclean 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off irqbalance 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off kdump 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off lvm2-monitor 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off mdmonitor 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off messagebus 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off ntpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off ntpdate 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off portreserve 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off psacct 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off quota_nld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rhnsd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rhsmcertd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rngd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off smartd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off snmpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off snmptrapd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off spice-vdagentd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:on 6:off sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off sysstat 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off wdaemon 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off winbind 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off wpa_supplicant 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off xinetd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off xinetd based services: chargen-dgram: off chargen-stream: off daytime-dgram: off daytime-stream: off discard-dgram: off discard-stream: off echo-dgram: off echo-stream: off rsync: off tcpmux-server: off telnet: on time-dgram: off time-stream: off [root@localhost init.d]# [root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --add myservice [root@localhost init.d]# find ./ -name myservice ./myservice [root@localhost rc.d]# find ./ -name "*myservice" ./init.d/myservice ./rc0.d/K11myservice ./rc6.d/K11myservice ./rc2.d/S88myservice ./rc1.d/K11myservice ./rc3.d/S88myservice ./rc5.d/S88myservice ./rc4.d/S88myservice [root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --del myservice [root@localhost rc.d]# find ./ -name "*myservice" ./init.d/myservice [root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --add myservice [root@localhost rc.d]# find ./ -name "*myservice" ./init.d/myservice ./rc0.d/K11myservice ./rc6.d/K11myservice ./rc2.d/S88myservice ./rc1.d/K11myservice ./rc3.d/S88myservice ./rc5.d/S88myservice ./rc4.d/S88myservice [root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --list myservice myservice 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --level 24 myservice off [root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --list myservice myservice 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off [root@localhost rc.d]#
/etc/rc.d/rc.local:系统最后启动的一个服务,准确说,应该执行的一个脚本;
[root@localhost rc.d]# cat /etc/rc.d/rc.local #!/bin/sh # # This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts. # You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't # want to do the full Sys V style init stuff. touch /var/lock/subsys/local [root@localhost rc.d]#
守护进程的类型:
独立守护进程
xinetd:超级守护进程,代理人
瞬时守护进程:不需要关联至运行级别
[root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --list xinetd xinetd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@localhost rc.d]# root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --list xinetd xinetd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --list NetworkManager 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off abrt-ccpp 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off abrtd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off acpid 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off atd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off auditd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off blk-availability 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off bluetooth 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off cpuspeed 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off cups 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off dnsmasq 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off firstboot 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off haldaemon 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off htcacheclean 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off irqbalance 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off kdump 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off lvm2-monitor 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off mdmonitor 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off messagebus 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off myservice 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off ntpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off ntpdate 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off portreserve 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off postfix 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off psacct 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off quota_nld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rhnsd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rhsmcertd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rngd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off smartd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off snmpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off snmptrapd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off spice-vdagentd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:on 6:off sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off sysstat 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off wdaemon 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off winbind 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off wpa_supplicant 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off xinetd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off xinetd based services: #(瞬时守护进程) chargen-dgram: off chargen-stream: off daytime-dgram: off daytime-stream: off discard-dgram: off discard-stream: off echo-dgram: off echo-stream: off rsync: off tcpmux-server: off telnet: on time-dgram: off time-stream: off [root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig rsync on [root@localhost rc.d]# chkconfig --list xinetd based services: chargen-dgram: off chargen-stream: off daytime-dgram: off daytime-stream: off discard-dgram: off discard-stream: off echo-dgram: off echo-stream: off rsync: on tcpmux-server: off telnet: on time-dgram: off time-stream: off