JAVA后端上传图片至企微临时素材

1.使用场景

在使用企业微信API接口中,往往开发者需要使用自定义的资源,比如发送本地图片消息,设置通讯录自定义头像等。
为了实现同一资源文件,一次上传可以多次使用,这里提供了素材管理接口:以media_id来标识资源文件,实现文件的上传与下载。

以发送消息为示例:

JAVA后端上传图片至企微临时素材_第1张图片

以JSSDK选图片上传为示例:

JAVA后端上传图片至企微临时素材_第2张图片

上传的媒体文件限制

所有文件size必须大于5个字节

  • 图片(image):10MB,支持JPG,PNG格式
  • 语音(voice) :2MB,播放长度不超过60s,仅支持AMR格式
  • 视频(video) :10MB,支持MP4格式
  • 普通文件(file):20MB

HTTP上传文件方法简析

HTTP是文本协议,若需要传递二进制文件需要依赖于multipart/form-data格式

1. 构造HTTP请求包

单个文件的multipart/form-data格式,如下:

--分隔符[换行]
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="表单名"; filename="文件名"; filelength=文件内容大小[换行]
Content-Type: 类型[换行]
[换行]
文件的二进制内容[换行]
--分隔符--

Content-Type根据不同文件类型可以设置对应不同的值,如下表格:

文件类型 Content-Type
普通文件 application/octet-stream
jpg图片 image/jpg
png图片 image/png
bmp图片 image/bmp
amr音频 voice/amr
mp4视频 video/mp4

若我们设置:分隔符为acebdf13572468,文件名为wework.txt,文件内容为mytext,由于上传临时素材要求name固定为media,那么构造的请求内容为:

--acebdf13572468
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="media";filename="wework.txt"; filelength=6
Content-Type: application/octet-stream

mytext
--acebdf13572468--
2. 设置HTTP头部信息
POST URL HTTP/1.1[换行]
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=分隔符[换行]
Content-Length: 请求体内容大小[换行]
[换行]1步构造的请求体内容

假定我们将第1步组装的文件内容上传到企业微信临时素材,分隔符取第1步设定值acebdf13572468,那么就得到如下:

POST https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token=accesstoken001&type=file HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=acebdf13572468
Content-Length: 168

--acebdf13572468
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="media";filename="wework.txt"; filelength=6
Content-Type: application/octet-stream

mytext
--acebdf13572468--

上传临时素材

素材上传得到media_id,该media_id仅三天内有效
media_id在同一企业内应用之间可以共享

**请求方式:**POST(HTTPS
**请求地址:**https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=TYPE

使用multipart/form-data POST上传文件, 文件标识名为"media"
参数说明:

参数 必须 说明
access_token 调用接口凭证
type 媒体文件类型,分别有图片(image)、语音(voice)、视频(video),普通文件(file)

POST的请求包中,form-data中媒体文件标识,应包含有 filename、filelength、content-type等信息

filename标识文件展示的名称。比如,使用该media_id发消息时,展示的文件名由该字段控制

请求示例:

POST https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token=accesstoken001&type=file HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=-------------------------acebdf13572468
Content-Length: 220

---------------------------acebdf13572468
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="media";filename="wework.txt"; filelength=6
Content-Type: application/octet-stream

mytext
---------------------------acebdf13572468--

返回数据:

{
   "errcode": 0,
   "errmsg": """type": "image",
   "media_id": "1G6nrLmr5EC3MMb_-zK1dDdzmd0p7cNliYu9V5w7o8K0",
   "created_at": "1380000000"
}

参数说明:

参数 说明
type 媒体文件类型,分别有图片(image)、语音(voice)、视频(video),普通文件(file)
media_id 媒体文件上传后获取的唯一标识,3天内有效
created_at 媒体文件上传时间戳

上传企微临时素材,对应企微api文档链接:https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/path/90253

JAVA后端上传图片至企微临时素材_第3张图片

2.控制层接口

控制层接收方式可以有文件方式接收,也可以前端用图片转换成base64格式字符串方式后端接收。

文件方式接收

@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST, value = "v1/uploadQwMedia")
    public ScaResponseParam<JSONObject> uploadQwMedia(String type, String title, int orgId, @RequestParam("file")MultipartFile file) {
        try {
            if(file == null){
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("没有上传图片");
            }
            if(StringUtils.isEmpty(type)){
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("缺少type参数");
            }
            InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();
            FindMediaIdReq req = new FindMediaIdReq();
            req.setTitle(title);//对应企微api文档中的fileName参数,用于控制展示的文件名称
            req.setType(type);//对应企微api文档中的type参数
            String mediaId = scaGuideOneCustOneCodeService.uploadQwMedia(orgId, req, inputStream);
            return ScaResponseParam.OK().fluentSetData(new JSONObject().fluentPut("mediaId", mediaId));
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            return ScaResponseParam.ERROR(e.getMessage());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("上传客户专属码到企微临时素材异常:{}-{}",e.getMessage(), e);
            return ScaResponseParam.ERROR("上传客户专属码到企微临时素材异常");
        }
    }

base64方式接收

@RequestMapping(value = "/base64ImgUpload", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public ScaResponseParam<JSONObject> base64ImgUpload(@RequestBody OneCustOneCodeUploadQwImgRequest request)  {
        try {
            BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
            byte[] bytes = decoder.decodeBuffer(request.getBase64Str());
            for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; ++i) {
                if (bytes[i] < 0) {
                    bytes[i] += 256;
                }
            }
            int orgId = request.getOrgId();
            InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
            FindMediaIdReq req = new FindMediaIdReq();
            req.setTitle(request.getTitle());//对应企微api文档中的fileName参数,用于控制展示的文件名称
            req.setType(request.getType());//对应企微api文档中的type参数
            String mediaId = scaGuideOneCustOneCodeService.uploadQwMedia(orgId, req, inputStream);
            return ScaResponseParam.OK().fluentSetData(new JSONObject().fluentPut("mediaId", mediaId));
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            return ScaResponseParam.ERROR(e.getMessage());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("base64上传客户专属码到企微临时素材异常:{}-{}",e.getMessage(), e);
            return ScaResponseParam.ERROR("base64上传客户专属码到企微临时素材异常");
        }
    }

请求参数OneCustOneCodeUploadQwImgRequest

@Data
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class OneCustOneCodeUploadQwImgRequest {
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "文件类型,图片为image", required = true)
    private String type;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "文件名称", required = true)
    private String title;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "图片base64格式字符串", required = true)
    private String base64Str;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "orgId", required = true)
    private int orgId;
}

4.Service层接口

    @Override
    public String uploadQwMedia(Integer orgId, FindMediaIdReq reqBean, InputStream inputStream){
        Map<String, Object> map = qyWeiXinService.uploadMediaForKf(orgId, reqBean, inputStream);
        String mediaId = map.get("media_id").toString();
        String createdAt = DateUtil.date2Str(new Date(Long.valueOf(map.get("created_at").toString()) * 1000));
        log.info("上传企微素材返回,mediaId:{},createAt:{}", mediaId, createdAt);
        return mediaId;
    }

qyWeiXinService中的uploadMediaForKf方法

 @Override
    public Map<String, Object> uploadMediaForKf(Integer orgId, FindMediaIdReq reqBean, InputStream inputStream) {
        ScaQyWxBuConfig scaQyWxBuConfig = ScaQyWxBuConfig.getConfigByOrgId(orgId);//获取配置的secret和corpId等信息
        if(scaQyWxBuConfig == null){
            log.error("客服企微参数配置为空, orgId:{}", orgId);
            throw new RuntimeException("获取客服企微配置参数失败");
        }
        String accessToken = this.getKfAccessToken(scaQyWxBuConfig);//获取accessToken
        String title = reqBean.getTitle();
        //调用企微api上传图片文件到企微临时素材
        return WinXinMessageUtil.mediaUploadByInputStream(accessToken, inputStream, reqBean.getType(), title);
    }

调用企微api上传图片文件到企微临时素材方法,对应上面的WinXinMessageUtil.mediaUploadByInputStream方法

public static Map<String, Object> mediaUploadByInputStream(String accessToken, InputStream inputStream, String type, String fileName) {
        String upUrl = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token=" + accessToken + "&type=" + type;
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            URL urlObj = new URL(upUrl);
            HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) urlObj.openConnection();
            con.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 以Post方式提交表单,默认get方式
            con.setDoInput(true);
            con.setDoOutput(true);
            con.setUseCaches(false); // post方式不能使用缓存
            // 设置请求头信息
            con.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            con.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
            // 设置边界
            String BOUNDARY = "----------" + System.currentTimeMillis();
            con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY);
            // 请求正文信息
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.append("--"); // 必须多两道线
            sb.append(BOUNDARY);
            sb.append("\r\n");
            sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\"media\";filename=\"" + fileName + "\"\r\n");
            sb.append("Content-Type:application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n");
            byte[] head = sb.toString().getBytes("utf-8");
            // 获得输出流
            OutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(con.getOutputStream());
            // 输出表头
            out.write(head);
            // 把文件已流文件的方式 推入到url中
            DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(inputStream);
            int bytes;
            byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024];
            while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) {
                out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes);
            }
            in.close();
            // 结尾部分
            byte[] foot = ("\r\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n").getBytes("utf-8");// 定义最后数据分隔线
            out.write(foot);
            out.flush();
            out.close();
            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            InputStream conInputStream = con.getInputStream();
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conInputStream));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                buffer.append(line);
            }
            String result = buffer.toString();
            log.warn("{}上传临时素材结果:{}", fileName, result);
            Map<String, Object> map = JSON.parseObject(result, Map.class);
            if (!Objects.equals(map.get("errcode"), 0)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("上传临时素材异常:" + map.get("errmsg"));
            }
            return map;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.warn("上传临时素材{}异常:{}-{}", fileName, e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("上传临时素材异常", e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (reader != null) {
                    reader.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

获取token的方法,对应上面的getKfAccessToken方法

这里先从redis缓存获取,获取不到再调用企微api接口获取,可以根据实际情况进行变通。

private String getKfAccessToken(ScaQyWxBuConfig scaQyWxBuConfig) {
    String corpId = scaQyWxBuConfig.getCorpId();//从配置中获取的corpId
    String secret = scaQyWxBuConfig.getSecretKf();//从配置中获取的secret
    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(corpId) || StringUtils.isEmpty(secret)) {
        return null;
    }
    String key = "HYP_GUIDE_" + corpId + "AccessToken" + secret;
    //优先从redis缓存中获取
    String accessToken = jedisCluster.get(key);
    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(accessToken)) {
        //缓存中获取不到再调用企微api接口获取accessToken
        try {
            accessToken = WinXinMessageUtil.getAccessToken(corpId, secret);
            jedisCluster.set(key, accessToken);
            jedisCluster.expire(key, 7000);//设置过期时间
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    return accessToken;
}

3.调用企微api接口获取accessToken信息,

对应上面的WinXinMessageUtil.getAccessToken

public static String getAccessToken(String CorpID, String Secret) throws Exception {
    String access_token = "";
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    try {
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/gettoken?corpid=" + CorpID + "&corpsecret=" + Secret);
        CloseableHttpResponse response1 = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
        JSONObject resultJsonObject;
        try {
            HttpEntity httpEntity = response1.getEntity();
            if (httpEntity != null) {
                try {
                    BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(
                            new InputStreamReader(httpEntity.getContent(), "UTF-8"), 8 * 1024);
                    StringBuilder entityStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                        entityStringBuilder.append(line);
                    }
                    // 利用从HttpEntity中得到的String生成JsonObject
                    resultJsonObject = new JSONObject(entityStringBuilder.toString().trim());
                    access_token = resultJsonObject.get("access_token") + "";
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.warn("获取企微token异常:{}-{}", e.getMessage(), e);
                }
            }
        } finally {
            response1.close();
        }
    } finally {
        httpclient.close();
    }
    return access_token;
}

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