centos7安装oracle

1 安装虚拟机

设置4G内存，硬盘40G

2 配置网络环境

2.1配置主机名

# vi /etc/hostname
修改为
oracle

2.2 配置IP地址

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 
修改
BOOTPROTO="static"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.109.110
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.109.2
DNS1=192.168.109.2

2.3 修改映射文件

# vi /etc/hosts
添加
192.168.109.110 oracle

2.4 关闭防火墙

[root@oracle ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@oracle ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

重启

# reboot

3 安装依赖包

安装oracle依赖

[root@oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

下载命令wget

[root@oracle ~]# yum -y install wget

压缩解压包

[root@oracle ~]# yum install -y unzip zip

[root@oracle ~]# wget -O /tmp/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm http://vault.centos.org/5.11/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

[root@oracle ~]# rpm -ivh /tmp/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

校验

[root@oracle ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

4 添加用户和用户组

[root@oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@oracle ~]# groupadd dba
[root@oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle -d /home/oracle
[root@oracle ~]# passwd oracle
查看
[root@oracle ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

5 检查网络

5.1 检查主机名

[root@oracle ~]# hostname
oracle

5.2 检查映射

[root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.109.110 oracle

# ping oracle

6 优化OS内核参数

[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
# 编辑状态输入如下内容/或修改对应的值
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586

7 创建oracle安装目录

[root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /data/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /data/oracle/oracle/oradata
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /data/oracle/oracle/inventory
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /data/oracle/oracle/fast_recovery_area
# 修改文件夹所属
[root@oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle/oracle/
# 修改权限
[root@oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /data/oracle/oracle/

8 配置oracle用户环境变量

8.1配置oracle用户环境变量

[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle ~]$ vi .bash_profile 
# 进入编辑状态后添加如下代码
umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

8.2 刷新

[oracle@oracle ~]$ source .bash_profile

8.3 重启服务器

[oracle@oracle ~]$ exit
logout
[root@oracle ~]# reboot

9 解压oracle文件，并配置

9.1上传oracle数据库安装包到root家目录下

注册账号从 oracle官网下载
选择需要的版本，本文以11g为例

下载需要安装的oracle版本

9.2解压

[root@oracle ~]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/oracle/
[root@oracle ~]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip  -d /data/oracle/
# 解压完成后进行安装前的配置
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /data/oracle/etc
[root@oracle ~]# cp /data/oracle/database/response/* /data/oracle/etc/
[root@oracle ~]# vi /data/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
# 进入编辑状态修改如下项的值
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oracle/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

10 安装

10.1安装

[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /data/oracle/database
# 可以看见database文件夹下有三个模板其中dbca.rsp是用来创建数据库的。db_install.rsp是用来安装Oracle软件的。netca.rsp是用来创建监听器的
[oracle@oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /data/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

可查看日志

通过tail命令查看安装日志
tail -f /data/oracle/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2019-12-13_01-56-19PM.log

安装成功如下

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. 
 #!/bin/sh 
 #Root scripts to run

/data/oracle/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
         1. Open a terminal window 
         2. Log in as "root" 
         3. Run the scripts 
         4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue 

Successfully Setup Software.

10.2 按照安装成功提示信息操作：

[root@oracle ~]# sh /data/oracle/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
# 提示信息
Changing permissions of /data/oracle/oracle/inventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /data/oracle/oracle/inventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

[root@oracle ~]# sh /data/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
提示信息
Check /data/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/install/root_oracle_2019-12-13_15-15-28.log for the output of root script

10.3 使用oracle重新连接

关闭窗口，重新连接

[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /data/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
提示信息
Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /data/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control: 
      /data/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

10.4 静默创建数据库

10.4.1配置

[oracle@oracle ~]$ exit
[root@oracle ~]# vi /data/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp 
# 修改如下配置
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "123456"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "123456"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "123456"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "123456"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/oracle/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/oracle/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"

10.4.2 创建

[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbName ORCL -sysPassword 123456 -systemPassword 123456  

[oracle@oracle ~]$ exit
[root@oracle ~]# reboot

11 查看监听器状态

[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start

12 启动数据库

以管理身份登录
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
启动数据库实例
SQL> startup
查看系统的所有表
SQL> select * from tab;

13 解锁普通用户

SQL> alter user scott account unlock;			# 解锁scott用户
SQL> alter user scott identified by 123456;		# 设置scott用户密码

SQL> quit
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus scott
SQL> select  *from tab

可以使用 数据库连接工具，如plsql plsql下载地址