C++函数对象-运算符函数对象-算术运算-实现 x / y 的函数对象(std::divides)

任何定义了函数调用操作符的对象都是函数对象。C++ 支持创建、操作新的函数对象,同时也提供了许多内置的函数对象。

运算符函数对象

C++ 针对常用的算术和逻辑运算定义了很多函数对象:

算术运算

实现 x / y 的函数对象

std::divides

template< class T >
struct divides;

(C++14 前)

template< class T = void >
struct divides;

(C++14 起)

进行除法的函数对象。等效地调用二个 T 类型实例上的 operator/ 。

特化

标准库提供 std::divides 在未指定 T 时的特化,使参数类型和返回类型留待推导。

divides

进行 x / y 并推导参数和返回类型的函数对象
(类模板特化)
(C++14 起)

成员类型

类型 定义
result_type(C++17 中弃用) T
first_argument_type(C++17 中弃用) T
second_argument_type(C++17 中弃用) T
(C++20 前)

成员函数

operator()

返回首参数除以第二参数的结果
(公开成员函数)

 

std::divides::operator()

T operator()( const T& lhs, const T& rhs ) const;

(C++14 前)

constexpr T operator()( const T& lhs, const T& rhs ) const;

(C++14 起)

返回 lhs 除以 rhs 的结果。

参数

lhs, rhs - 要以一个除另一个的值

返回值

lhs / rhs 的结果。

异常

(无)

可能的实现

constexpr T operator()(const T &lhs, const T &rhs) const 
{
    return lhs / rhs;
}

调用示例

#include 
#include 

struct Cell
{
    int x;
    int y;

    Cell() = default;
    Cell(int a, int b): x(a), y(b) {}
    Cell(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x = cell.x;
        y = cell.y;
    }

    bool operator <(const Cell &cell) const
    {
        if (x == cell.x)
        {
            return y < cell.y;
        }
        else
        {
            return x < cell.x;
        }
    }

    Cell &operator+(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x += cell.x;
        y += cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator+=(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x += cell.x;
        y += cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator*=(int n)
    {
        x *= n;
        y *= n;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator++()
    {
        x += 1;
        y += 1;
        return *this;
    }

    friend Cell operator +(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        Cell cell = cell1;
        cell += cell2;
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator *(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        Cell cell = {cell1.x * cell2.x, cell1.y * cell2.y};
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator /(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        Cell cell = {cell1.x / cell2.x, cell1.y / cell2.y};
        return cell;
    }
};

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Cell &cell)
{
    os << "{" << cell.x << "," << cell.y << "}";
    return os;
}

int main()
{
    std::cout << "std::divides()(50, 2):             "
              << std::divides()(50, 2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(1023, 1024):         "
              << std::divides()(1023, 1024) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(1023, 1024):        "
              << std::divides()(1023, 1024) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(1023, 1024):   "
              << std::divides()(1023, 1024) << std::endl;

    std::cout << "std::divides()(1023, 1024):     "
              << std::divides()(8, 32) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(123, 456):      "
              << std::divides()(123, 456) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(101, 202):      "
              << std::divides()(101, 202) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(10230, 10240):  "
              << std::divides()(10230, 10240) << std::endl;

    std::cout << "std::divides()(1023, 1024):      "
              << std::divides()(8, 32) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(123, 456):       "
              << std::divides()(123, 456) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(101, 202):       "
              << std::divides()(101, 202) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(10230, 10240):   "
              << std::divides()(10230, 10240) << std::endl;

    std::cout << "std::divides()(3.14, 3.14):      "
              << std::divides()(3.14, 3.14) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(3.14, 3.14):       "
              << std::divides()(3.14, 3.14) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(3, 3):             "
              << std::divides()(3, 3) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(3.56, 3.14):       "
              << std::divides()(3.56, 3.14) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::divides()(3.14, 3.14):         "
              << std::divides()(3.34, 3.34) << std::endl;

    std::cout << "std::divides()(Cell{101, 101}, Cell{202, 202}):       "
              << std::divides()(Cell{101, 101}, Cell{202, 202}) << std::endl;

    //编译失败
//    std::cout << "std::divides()(\"I am a \", \"handsome programmer\"):"
//              << std::divides()("I am a ", "handsome programmer") << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

输出

std::divides()(50, 2):
std::divides()(1023, 1024):         0
std::divides()(1023, 1024):        0
std::divides()(1023, 1024):   0
std::divides()(1023, 1024):
std::divides()(123, 456):      0
std::divides()(101, 202):      0
std::divides()(10230, 10240):  0
std::divides()(1023, 1024):
std::divides()(123, 456):       0
std::divides()(101, 202):       0
std::divides()(10230, 10240):   0
std::divides()(3.14, 3.14):      1
std::divides()(3.14, 3.14):       1
std::divides()(3, 3):             1
std::divides()(3.56, 3.14):       1.13376
std::divides()(3.14, 3.14):         1
std::divides()(Cell{101, 101}, Cell{202, 202}):       {0,0}

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