循环依赖源码深度解析

循环依赖源码深度解析_第1张图片

 

singletonObjects (一级缓存)它是我们最熟悉的朋友,俗称“单例池”“容器”,缓存创建完成单例Bean的地方。
earlySingletonObjects(二级缓存)映射Bean的早期引用,也就是说在这个Map里的Bean不是完整的,甚至还不能称之为“Bean”,只是一个Instance.
singletonFactories(三级缓存) 映射创建Bean的原始工厂
 

这样做有什么好处呢?让我们来分析一下“A的某个field或者setter依赖了B的实例对象,同时B的某个field或者setter依赖了A的实例对象”这种循环依赖的情况:

spring初始化bean的过程如下:
1>首先尝试从一级缓存中获取serviceA实例,发现不存在并且serviceA不在创建过程中;
2>serviceA完成了初始化的第一步(实例化:调用createBeanInstance方法,即调用默认构造方法实例化);
3>将自己(serviceA)提前曝光到singletonFactories中;
4>此时进行初始化的第二步(注入属性serviceB),发现自己依赖对象serviceB,此时就尝试去get(B),发现B还没有被实create,所以走create流程;
5>serviceB完成了初始化的第一步(实例化:调用createBeanInstance方法,即调用默认构造方法实例化);
6>将自己(serviceB)提前曝光到singletonFactories中;
7>此时进行初始化的第二步(注入属性serviceA);
8>于是尝试get(A),尝试一级缓存singletonObjects(肯定没有,因为A还没初始化完全),尝试二级缓存earlySingletonObjects(也没有),尝试三级缓存singletonFactories,由于A通过ObjectFactory将自己提前曝光了,所以B能够通过ObjectFactory.getObject拿到A对象(虽然A还没有初始化完全,但是总比没有好呀);
9>B拿到A对象后顺利完成了初始化阶段1、2、3,完全初始化之后将自己放入到一级缓存singletonObjects中;
10>此时返回A中,A此时能拿到B的对象顺利完成自己的初始化阶段2、3,最终A也完成了初始化,进去了一级缓存singletonObjects中;

知道了这个原理时候,肯定就知道为啥Spring不能解决“A的构造方法中依赖了B的实例对象,同时B的构造方法中依赖了A的实例对象”这类问题了!因为加入singletonFactories三级缓存的前提是执行了构造器,所以构造器的循环依赖没法解决。

4、循环依赖的N种场景

这里主要讲解spring是如何解决单例setter注入时的循环依赖问题,其他四种循环依赖场景后文再一一分析讲解

3.1、单例的setter注入
这种注入方式应该是spring用的最多的,代码如下:

@Service
public class ServiceA {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceB serviceB;
}

@Service
public class ServiceB {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceA serviceA;
}


spring内部有三级缓存:

singletonObjects 一级缓存,用于保存实例化、注入、初始化完成的bean实例
earlySingletonObjects 二级缓存,用于保存实例化完成的bean实例
singletonFactories 三级缓存,用于保存bean创建工厂,以便于后面扩展有机会创建代理对象。
下面用一张图告诉你,spring是如何解决循环依赖的:

上面(3、Spring怎么解决循环依赖)中已经讲解过spring解决单例循环依赖的过程,这里细心的朋友可能会发现在这种场景中第二级缓存(earlySingletonObjects)作用不大。
那么问题来了,为什么要用第二级缓存呢?
试想一下,如果出现以下这种情况,我们要如何处理?

@Service
public class ServiceA {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceB serviceB;
    
    @Autowired
    private ServiceB serviceC;
}

@Service
public class ServiceB {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceA serviceA;
}

@Service
public class ServiceC {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceA serviceA;
}


serviceA依赖于serviceB和serviceC,而serviceB依赖于serviceA,同时serviceC也依赖于serviceA。按照上图的流程可以把serviceA注入到serviceB,并且sServiceA的实例是从第三级缓存中获取的。假设不用第二级缓存,serviceA注入到serviceC的流程如图:
图2

 

serviceA注入到serviceC又需要从第三级缓存中获取实例,而第三级缓存里保存的并非真正的实例对象,而是ObjectFactory对象。说白了,两次从三级缓存中获取都是ObjectFactory对象,而通过它创建的实例对象每次可能都不一样的。这样不是有问题?

为了解决这个问题,spring引入的第二级缓存。上面图1其实serviceA对象的实例已经被添加到第二级缓存中了,而在serviceA注入到TestService3时,只用从第二级缓存中获取该对象即可。
图3

还有个问题,第三级缓存中为什么要添加ObjectFactory对象,直接保存实例对象不行吗?
答:不行,因为假如你想对添加到三级缓存中的实例对象进行增强,直接用实例对象是行不通的。
针对这种场景spring是怎么做的呢?
答案就在AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类doCreateBean方法的这段代码中:
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
        isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
                "' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
    }
    addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}

它定义了一个匿名内部类,通过getEarlyBeanReference方法获取代理对象,其实底层是通过AbstractAutoProxyCreator类的getEarlyBeanReference生成代理对象。

3.2、多例的setter注入
这种注入方法偶然会有,具体代码如下:

@Service
@Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
public class ServiceA {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceB serviceB;
}

@Service
@Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
public class ServiceB {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceA serviceA;
}


可能你会认为这种情况spring容器启动会报错,其实是不会,为什么呢?其实在AbstractApplicationContext类的refresh方法中告诉了我们答案,它会调用finishBeanFactoryInitialization方法,该方法的作用是为了spring容器启动的时候提前初始化一些bean。该方法的内部又调用了beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons()方法:

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
        stopWatch.start();
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
        Collection exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
        this.configureHeadlessProperty();
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);
        listeners.starting();

        Collection exceptionReporters;
        try {
            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
            this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
            Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
            context = this.createApplicationContext();
            exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
            this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
            this.refreshContext(context);
            this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
            stopWatch.stop();
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                (new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }

            listeners.started(context);
            this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
        } catch (Throwable var10) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var10);
        }

        try {
            listeners.running(context);
            return context;
        } catch (Throwable var9) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners)null);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var9);
        }
    }

循环依赖源码深度解析_第2张图片

循环依赖源码深度解析_第3张图片

 循环依赖源码深度解析_第4张图片

refresh:

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        synchronized(this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
            this.prepareRefresh();
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.obtainFreshBeanFactory();
            this.prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

            try {
                this.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
                this.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
                this.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
                this.initMessageSource();
                this.initApplicationEventMulticaster();
                this.onRefresh();
                this.registerListeners();
                this.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
                this.finishRefresh();
            } catch (BeansException var9) {
                if (this.logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: " + var9);
                }

                this.destroyBeans();
                this.cancelRefresh(var9);
                throw var9;
            } finally {
                this.resetCommonCaches();
            }

        }
    }

 循环依赖源码深度解析_第5张图片

    protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
        if (beanFactory.containsBean("conversionService") && beanFactory.isTypeMatch("conversionService", ConversionService.class)) {
            beanFactory.setConversionService((ConversionService)beanFactory.getBean("conversionService", ConversionService.class));
        }

        if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
            beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver((strVal) -> {
                return this.getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal);
            });
        }

        String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
        String[] var3 = weaverAwareNames;
        int var4 = weaverAwareNames.length;

        for(int var5 = 0; var5 < var4; ++var5) {
            String weaverAwareName = var3[var5];
            this.getBean(weaverAwareName);
        }

        beanFactory.setTempClassLoader((ClassLoader)null);
        beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();
        beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
    }

 循环依赖源码深度解析_第6张图片

循环依赖源码深度解析_第7张图片

红框的地方明显能够看出:非抽象、单例 并且非懒加载的类才能被提前初始bean。而多例即SCOPE_PROTOTYPE类型的类,非单例,不会被提前初始化bean,所以程序能够正常启动。如何让它提前初始化bean呢?只需要再定义一个单例的类,在它里面注入serviceA: 

@Service
public class ServiceC {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceA serviceA;
}

重新启动程序,执行结果:

Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?

果然出现了循环依赖。

注意:这种循环依赖问题是无法解决的,因为它没有用缓存,每次都会生成一个新对象。

3.3、构造器注入
这种注入方式现在其实用的已经非常少了,但是我们还是有必要了解一下,看看如下代码:

@Service
public class ServiceA {

    public ServiceA(ServiceB serviceB) {
    }
}

@Service
public class ServiceB {

    public ServiceB(ServiceA serviceA) {
    }
}

运行结果:

Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?

出现了循环依赖,为什么呢?

 从图中的流程看出构造器注入没能添加到三级缓存,也没有使用缓存,所以也无法解决循环依赖问题。

3.4、单例的代理对象setter注入
这种注入方式其实也比较常用,比如平时使用:@Async注解的场景,会通过AOP自动生成代理对象。

@Service
@EnableAsync
public class ServiceA {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceB serviceB;

    @Async
    public void test1() {
        System.out.println("async");
    }
}

@Service
public class ServiceB {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceA serviceA;
}



程序启动会报错,出现了循环依赖:

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name ‘serviceA’: Bean with name ‘serviceA’ has been injected into other beans [serviceB] in its raw version as part of a circular reference

为什么会循环依赖呢?答案就在下面这张图中:

 doCreateBean

 protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException {
        BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
        if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
            instanceWrapper = (BeanWrapper)this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
        }

        if (instanceWrapper == null) {
            instanceWrapper = this.createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
        }

        Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
        Class beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
        if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
            mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
        }

        synchronized(mbd.postProcessingLock) {
            if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
                try {
                    this.applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
                } catch (Throwable var17) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", var17);
                }

                mbd.postProcessed = true;
            }
        }

        boolean earlySingletonExposure = mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences && this.isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName);
        if (earlySingletonExposure) {
            if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                this.logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName + "' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
            }

            this.addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> {
                return this.getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean);
            });
        }

        Object exposedObject = bean;

        try {
            this.populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
            exposedObject = this.initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
        } catch (Throwable var18) {
            if (var18 instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException)var18).getBeanName())) {
                throw (BeanCreationException)var18;
            }

            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", var18);
        }

        if (earlySingletonExposure) {
            Object earlySingletonReference = this.getSingleton(beanName, false);
            if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
                if (exposedObject == bean) {
                    exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
                } else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && this.hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
                    String[] dependentBeans = this.getDependentBeans(beanName);
                    Set actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet(dependentBeans.length);
                    String[] var12 = dependentBeans;
                    int var13 = dependentBeans.length;

                    for(int var14 = 0; var14 < var13; ++var14) {
                        String dependentBean = var12[var14];
                        if (!this.removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
                            actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
                        }
                    }

                    if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
                        throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName, "Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" + StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) + "] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using 'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        try {
            this.registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
            return exposedObject;
        } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException var16) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", var16);
        }
    }

说白了,bean初始化完成之后,后面还有一步去检查:第二级缓存是否存在, 代理对象和原始对象是否相等。
循环依赖源码深度解析_第8张图片

到此发现第二级缓存存在并且代理对象和原始对象是不相等,因此抛出上面异常。

如果这时候把ServiceA改个名字,改成:ServiceC,其他的都不变。

@Service
public class ServiceB {

	@Autowired
	private ServiceC serviceC;
}

@Service
@EnableAsync
public class ServiceC {

	@Autowired
	private ServiceB serviceB;

	@Async
	public void test1() {
		System.out.println("async");
	}
}

 再重新启动一下程序,成功了,没有报错了!!!
这又是为什么?
这就要从spring的bean加载顺序说起了,默认情况下,spring是按照文件完整路径递归查找的,按路径+文件名排序,排在前面的先加载。所以ServiceA比ServiceB先加载,而改了文件名称之后,ServiceB比ServiceC先加载。为什么ServiceB比ServiceC先加载就没问题呢?答案在下面这张图中

 这种情况ServiceC第二级缓存是空的,不需要跟原始对象判断,所以不会抛出循环依赖。

3.5、DependsOn循环依赖

@Service
@DependsOn("serviceB")
public class ServiceA {
	
}

@Service
@DependsOn("serviceA")
public class ServiceB {
	
}

程序启动之后,执行结果:

Circular depends-on relationship between ‘serviceB’ and ‘serviceA’

这个例子中本来如果ServiceA和ServiceB都没有加@DependsOn注解是没问题的,反而加了这个注解会出现循环依赖问题。

这又是为什么?

答案在AbstractBeanFactory类的doGetBean方法的这段代码中:
循环依赖源码深度解析_第9张图片

初始化bean前,它会检查dependsOn的实例有没有循环依赖,如果有循环依赖则抛异常。

5、出现循环依赖如何解决?

项目中如果出现循环依赖问题,说明是spring默认无法解决的循环依赖,要看项目的打印日志,属于哪种循环依赖。目前包含下面几种情况:

5.1、生成代理对象产生的循环依赖
生成代理对象产生的循环依赖这类循环依赖问题解决方法很多,主要有:
1、使用@Lazy注解,延迟加载
2、使用@DependsOn注解,指定加载先后关系
3、修改文件名称,改变循环依赖类的加载顺序

5.2、DependsOn循环依赖
使用@DependsOn产生的循环依赖这类循环依赖问题要找到@DependsOn注解循环依赖的地方,迫使它不循环依赖就可以解决问题。

5.3、多例循环依赖
多例循环依赖这类循环依赖问题可以通过把bean改成单例的解决。

5.3、构造器循环依赖
构造器循环依赖这类循环依赖问题可以通过使用@Lazy注解解决。
 

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