Rust安装——Win10

• 安装步骤

  • 1、下载RUSTUP-INIT.EXE（64-BIT）

  • 2、由于国外源下载依赖太慢，因此建议增加win10环境变量配置国内源，增加RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER、RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT环境变量即可

    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER随便选择其中的一个源就行，只要是国内的，应该都不慢。

    # 字节跳动
    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://rsproxy.cn
    RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://rsproxy.cn/rustup
    
    # 中国科学技术大学
    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static
    RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup
    
    # 清华大学
    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup
    
    # 上海交通大学
    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/rust-static/
    

    环境变量添加后，查看win10环境变量效果如下：

    C:\Users\david>echo %RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER%
    https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup
    
    C:\Users\david>echo %RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT%
    https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup
    
    C:\Users\david>
    

  • 3、执行RUSTUP-INIT.EXE二进制文件，开始安装Rust

  • 4、按回车选择默认

  • 5、等待脚本自行下载依赖，直到提示安装完成，然后按任意一个按键结束安装

  • 6、验证安装是否成功

    • 6.1、新启动一个命令行终端，输入：rustc -V，查看Rust编译器的版本，如果能看到信息，说明Rust安装没有啥问题

    • 6.2、新建一个文件，命名为main.rs，测试一下Rust的Hello World，文件内容如下

      fn main() {
          println!("Hello World!");
      }
      

    • 6.2、执行命令：rustc main.rs编译出可执行文件，生成的可执行文件名称为：main.exe

    • 6.3、执行命令：main.exe，若看到程序输出字符：Hello World!，就说明环境搭建的没有问题

  • 7、Cargo是Rust的包管理工具，我们依赖的第三方工具就是通过Cargo完成下载的。但是由于Cargo默认的依赖库下载源在国外，因此需要修改为国内源，步骤如下

    • 7.1、在Cargo的家目录（一般在%USERPROFILE%\.cargo目录下）创建名为config的配置文件

    • 7.2、配置文件内容为：

      [source.crates-io]
      registry = "https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
      # 指定镜像 如：tuna、sjtu、ustc，或者 rustcc
      replace-with = 'ustc'
      
      # 注：以下源配置一个即可，无需全部
      
      # 中国科学技术大学
      [source.ustc]
      registry = "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"
      #registry = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"
      
      # 上海交通大学
      [source.sjtu]
      registry = "https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/git/crates.io-index/"
      
      # 清华大学
      [source.tuna]
      registry = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/crates.io-index.git"
      
      # rustcc社区
      [source.rustcc]
      registry = "https://code.aliyun.com/rustcc/crates.io-index.git"
      

    • 7.3、保存完文件之后，后续不需要关了，cargo会自己更新依赖库

  • 8、安装执行过程如下

    Welcome to Rust!
    
    This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust
    programming language, and its package manager, Cargo.
    
    Rustup metadata and toolchains will be installed into the Rustup
    home directory, located at:
    
      C:\Users\david\.rustup
    
    This can be modified with the RUSTUP_HOME environment variable.
    
    The Cargo home directory is located at:
    
      C:\Users\david\.cargo
    
    This can be modified with the CARGO_HOME environment variable.
    
    The cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands will be added to
    Cargo's bin directory, located at:
    
      C:\Users\david\.cargo\bin
    
    This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by
    modifying the HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Environment/PATH registry key.
    
    You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and
    these changes will be reverted.
    
    Current installation options:
    
    
       default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
         default toolchain: stable (default)
                   profile: default
      modify PATH variable: yes
    
    1) Proceed with installation (default)
    2) Customize installation
    3) Cancel installation
    >
    
    info: profile set to 'default'
    info: default host triple is x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
    info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
    710.0 KiB / 710.0 KiB (100 %)  21.9 KiB/s in 41s ETA:  0s
    info: latest update on 2023-12-28, rust version 1.75.0 (82e1608df 2023-12-21)
    info: downloading component 'cargo'
      5.9 MiB /   5.9 MiB (100 %) 204.8 KiB/s in  1m 16s ETA:  0s
    info: downloading component 'clippy'
      2.1 MiB /   2.1 MiB (100 %) 174.6 KiB/s in 13s ETA:  0s
    info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
     14.3 MiB /  14.3 MiB (100 %) 171.8 KiB/s in  1m 19s ETA:  0s
    info: downloading component 'rust-std'
     17.9 MiB /  17.9 MiB (100 %) 120.6 KiB/s in  1m 42s ETA:  0s
    info: downloading component 'rustc'
     58.7 MiB /  58.7 MiB (100 %) 477.4 KiB/s in  6m 36s ETA:  0s
    info: downloading component 'rustfmt'
      1.7 MiB /   1.7 MiB (100 %) 870.3 KiB/s in  2s ETA:  0s
    info: installing component 'cargo'
    info: installing component 'clippy'
    info: installing component 'rust-docs'
     14.3 MiB /  14.3 MiB (100 %)   1.1 MiB/s in  7s ETA:  0s
    info: installing component 'rust-std'
     17.9 MiB /  17.9 MiB (100 %)  14.5 MiB/s in  1s ETA:  0s
    info: installing component 'rustc'
     58.7 MiB /  58.7 MiB (100 %)  15.0 MiB/s in  4s ETA:  0s
    info: installing component 'rustfmt'
    info: default toolchain set to 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
    
      stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc installed - rustc 1.75.0 (82e1608df 2023-12-21)
    
    
    Rust is installed now. Great!
    
    To get started you may need to restart your current shell.
    This would reload its PATH environment variable to include
    Cargo's bin directory (%USERPROFILE%\.cargo\bin).
    
    Press the Enter key to continue.
    

• 所有安装的文件位置
  • C:\Users\david\.cargo，此目录下安装了Rust相关的很多工具，譬如：cargo, urstc, rustdoc, rust-gdb, rustup等等
  • C:\Users\david\.rustup
• 卸载Rust
  • 执行命令：rustup self uninstall
• 更新Rust版本
  • 执行命令：rustup update