本文基于Android_9.0、kernel_3.18源码
Android手机进程
打开控制台,使用adb shell,然后执行ps -A命令;便可看到Android系统中运行的进程。PID是进程号,PPID是父进程号。PID越小启动越早。
通过梳理我们可以得到以下的关系图:
init进程
打开android手机后,会先启动bootloader引导程序,当kernel完成系统设置后,它会拉起init进程。init进程主要进行文件夹创建挂载、init.rc文件解析等操作。
system/core/init/init.cpp
system/core/rootdir/init.rc
xref/system/core/rootdir/init.zygote32.rc
1、init.cpp->main()
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
...
if (is_first_stage) {
...
// 创建文件夹并挂载
mount("tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID, "mode=0755");
mkdir("/dev/pts", 0755);
mkdir("/dev/socket", 0755);
mount("devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts", 0, NULL);
...
}
...
property_init(); // 初始化property
process_kernel_dt(); // 加载dt的数据
process_kernel_cmdline(); // 加载cmd的数据
...
ActionManager& am = ActionManager::GetInstance();
ServiceList& sm = ServiceList::GetInstance();
// 加载启动脚本
LoadBootScripts(am, sm);
// 添加其他任务
am.QueueEventTrigger("early-init");
// Queue an action that waits for coldboot done so we know ueventd has set up all of /dev...
am.QueueBuiltinAction(wait_for_coldboot_done_action, "wait_for_coldboot_done");
...
// 循环执行任务
while (true) {
// By default, sleep until something happens.
int epoll_timeout_ms = -1;
...
// 执行任务
if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
am.ExecuteOneCommand();
}
if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
if (!shutting_down) {
auto next_process_restart_time = RestartProcesses();
// 如果有进程需要重启,设置超时时间
if (next_process_restart_time) {
epoll_timeout_ms = std::chrono::ceil(*next_process_restart_time - boot_clock::now()).count();
if (epoll_timeout_ms < 0) epoll_timeout_ms = 0;
}
}
// 如果还有任务需要执行,设置超时为0
if (am.HasMoreCommands()) epoll_timeout_ms = 0;
}
epoll_event ev;
// epoll阻塞,等待唤醒、超时
int nr = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(epoll_wait(epoll_fd, &ev, 1, epoll_timeout_ms));
...
}
return 0;
}
查看main函数,它主要做了如下操作:
<1>创建文件夹并挂载
<2>初始化属性
<3>解析init.rc文件
<4>启动任务(Action)
2、init.rc
...
// 引入zygote.rc文件
import /init.${ro.zygote}.rc
...
# Mount filesystems and start core system services.
on late-init
...
# Now we can start zygote for devices with file based encryption
trigger zygote-start
...
...
在init.rc文件中,引入了init.zygote32.rc,并设置了zygote的启动时机。
属性ro.zygote的值可能有:zygote32、zygote64、zygote32_64、zygote64_32。
3、init.zygote32.rc
service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
class main
priority -20
user root
group root readproc reserved_disk
socket zygote stream 660 root system
onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
onrestart write /sys/power/state on
onrestart restart audioserver
onrestart restart cameraserver
onrestart restart media
onrestart restart netd
onrestart restart wificond
writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
zygote服务最终触发了app_process可执行文件,并携带参数--zygote和--start-system-server;
搜索源码,可以看到app_process目录下的文件,app_process可执行文件就是由app_main.cpp编译出来的。
zygote进程-native
frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp
1、app_main.cpp->main()
#if defined(__LP64__)
static const char ABI_LIST_PROPERTY[] = "ro.product.cpu.abilist64";
static const char ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME[] = "zygote64";
#else
static const char ABI_LIST_PROPERTY[] = "ro.product.cpu.abilist32";
static const char ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME[] = "zygote";
#endif
// service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
int main(int argc, char* const argv[]){
...
// 实例化AppRuntime
AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv));
...
bool zygote = false;
bool startSystemServer = false;
bool application = false;
String8 niceName;
String8 className;
// 解析参数,解析完毕后的值分别为
// zygote = true
// startSystemServer = true
// niceName = ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME (zygote)
// application = false
// className = null
++i;
while (i < argc) {
const char* arg = argv[i++];
if (strcmp(arg, "--zygote") == 0) {
zygote = true;
niceName = ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME;
} else if (strcmp(arg, "--start-system-server") == 0) {
startSystemServer = true;
} else if (strcmp(arg, "--application") == 0) {
application = true;
} else if (strncmp(arg, "--nice-name=", 12) == 0) {
niceName.setTo(arg + 12);
} else if (strncmp(arg, "--", 2) != 0) {
className.setTo(arg);
break;
} else {
--i;
break;
}
}
Vector args;
if (!className.isEmpty()) {
...
} else {
...
if (startSystemServer) {
args.add(String8("start-system-server"));
}
...
String8 abiFlag("--abi-list=");
abiFlag.append(prop);
args.add(abiFlag);
// 将剩余参数传递给ZygoteInit的main方法
for (; i < argc; ++i) {
args.add(String8(argv[i]));
}
}
// 修改进程名称
if (!niceName.isEmpty()) {
runtime.setArgv0(niceName.string(), true /* setProcName */);
}
if (zygote) {
runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
} else if (className) {
...
} else {
...
}
}
void AndroidRuntime::setArgv0(const char* argv0, bool setProcName) {
if (setProcName) {
int len = strlen(argv0);
if (len < 15) {
pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0);
} else {
pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0 + len - 15);
}
}
memset(mArgBlockStart, 0, mArgBlockLength);
strlcpy(mArgBlockStart, argv0, mArgBlockLength);
}
首先,main方法会循环遍历传入的参数;
然后,通过setArgv0修改当前进程的名字为zygote;
最后,启动com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit的main函数,将参数传递过去。
2、AndroidRuntime.cpp->start()
class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime{
...
}
// 开启Android虚拟机, 并调用className的main方法
void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector& options, bool zygote){
...
// 检查rootDir
const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
if (rootDir == NULL) {
rootDir = "/system";
if (!hasDir("/system")) {
LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
return;
}
setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
}
// 启动Android虚拟机
JniInvocation jni_invocation;
jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
JNIEnv* env;
if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
return;
}
onVmCreated(env);
// 注册andorid方法
if (startReg(env) < 0) {
ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
return;
}
// 设置类名、参数
jclass stringClass;
jobjectArray strArray;
jstring classNameStr;
stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
assert(stringClass != NULL);
strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL);
assert(strArray != NULL);
classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
assert(classNameStr != NULL);
env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
assert(optionsStr != NULL);
env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr);
}
char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className != NULL ? className : "");
// 找到class
jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
if (startClass == NULL) {
...
} else {
// 找到main方法
jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
if (startMeth == NULL) {
...
} else {
// 调用方法
env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
...
}
}
free(slashClassName);
...
}
AppRuntime继承自AndroidRuntime,通过调用runtime->start()会调用到AndroidRuntime的方法:
首先,通过startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote)开启Android虚拟机;
然后,通过startReg(env)注册Android方法;
最后,通过className找到jclass和对应的main方法,调用ZygoteInit的main。
3、startReg()
struct RegJNIRec {
int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
const char* mName;
};
static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit),
REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
...
}
int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env){
...
if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {}
...
return 0;
}
static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env){
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
// 执行mProc方法
if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
...
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
在startReg中会通过register_jni_procs遍历执行gRegJNI中注册的方法;其中gRegJNI是一个RegJNIRec的数组。
zygote进程-java层
frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteServer.java
1、ZygoteInit.java->main()
public static void main(String argv[]) {
// 持有LocalServerSocket
ZygoteServer zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer();
...
final Runnable caller;
try {
...
// 解析参数,解析完毕后的值分别为
// startSystemServer = true;
// socketName = zygote;
// enableLazyPreload = false;
boolean startSystemServer = false;
String socketName = "zygote";
String abiList = null;
boolean enableLazyPreload = false;
...
// 注册socket服务
zygoteServer.registerServerSocketFromEnv(socketName);
if (!enableLazyPreload) {
...
// 预加载
preload(bootTimingsTraceLog);
...
} else {}
// 进行一次gc
gcAndFinalize();
Zygote.nativeSecurityInit();
Zygote.nativeUnmountStorageOnInit();
ZygoteHooks.stopZygoteNoThreadCreation();
// 启动system_server
if (startSystemServer) {
Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);
// {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the
// child (system_server) process.
if (r != null) {
r.run();
return;
}
}
// 在zygote进程中轮询,不会在子进程中执行,因为上边已经return了
caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList);
} catch (Throwable ex) {
...
} finally {
// 轮询终止,关闭socket
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
}
// 直接结束代码
if (caller != null) {
caller.run();
}
}
在main中,做了如下操作:
<1>解析传入的参数startSystemServer = true、enableLazyPreload = false
<2>通过registerServerSocketFromEnv()注册socket服务
<3>preload()预加载
<4>gcAndFinalize()执行gc
<5>fork子进程启动system_server
<6>zygoteServer.runSelectLoop()开启轮询,等待client消息
2、preload()
static void preload(TimingsTraceLog bootTimingsTraceLog) {
Log.d(TAG, "begin preload");
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("BeginIcuCachePinning");
beginIcuCachePinning();
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // BeginIcuCachePinning
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("PreloadClasses");
// 加载class
preloadClasses();
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // PreloadClasses
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("PreloadResources");
// 加载资源
preloadResources();
bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // PreloadResources
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "PreloadAppProcessHALs");
nativePreloadAppProcessHALs();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "PreloadOpenGL");
// 加载OpenGL
preloadOpenGL();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);
preloadSharedLibraries();
preloadTextResources();
// Ask the WebViewFactory to do any initialization that must run in the zygote process,
// for memory sharing purposes.
WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInZygote();
endIcuCachePinning();
warmUpJcaProviders();
Log.d(TAG, "end preload");
sPreloadComplete = true;
}
preload会提前加载Android系统类和系统资源(系统提供的布局等),简单分析一下preloadClasses
3、preloadClasses()
private static final String PRELOADED_CLASSES = "/system/etc/preloaded-classes";
private static void preloadClasses() {
InputStream is;
try {
is = new FileInputStream(PRELOADED_CLASSES);
} catch () {}
...
try {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is), 256);
String line;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
...
try {
// 加载class
Class.forName(line, true, null);
} catch () {}
}
...
} catch (IOException e) {} finally {}
}
其是这个方法就是读取PRELOADED_CLASSES路径下的文件,然后找到配置的类名,通过Class.forName()加载class。