yum源配置

在配置yum前首先得说说rpm,在redhat和centos linux系统上,rpm作为软件包管理工具,可以方便的安装、查询、卸载软件包。常见命令如下:

#安装:
rpm -ivh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm

#卸载:
rpm -e jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm

#升级:
rpm -Uvh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm

#查询软件的安装路径:
rpm -ql yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch

#查询所有安装的包:
rpm -qa 

#查询某个文件是哪个rpm包产生:
rpm -qf /var/lib/yum/yumdb

但是在多个包组成的rpm包用rpm命令安装时,其依赖包问题是超级繁琐的。

yum是redhat和centos的软件包管理工具,安装软件包时可以在网上远程仓库或者本地自动下载所有依赖包,解决了rpm的痛点。今天主要学习下远程yum源配置。由于redhat 自带的 yum 源是需要注册收费才能更新下载软件的,如果没有注册就使用,则会报下面的错误:

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

所以我们需要把yum源修改为centos的源。

查看自带yum:

rpm -qa | grep yum

卸载自带yum:

rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
image

查看系统版本:

cat /etc/redhat-release
image

下载安装软件包:

#下载链接
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/

#需要下载以下三个rpm包:
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm  
yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm

执行以下安装命令报错,依赖包的版本不符:

#执行yum安装
rpm -ivh yum*
image.png

这里升级python-urlgrabber和rpm包版本:

#升级rpm包到:
rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm  
python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm  

#下载
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm

#升级
rpm -Uvh rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps
rpm -Uvh python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps

然后安装:

image.png

新建配置文件:

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

加入以下配置:

#CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$7 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

然后清理缓存:

yum clean all

生成缓存:

yum makecache
image

测试源:

yum update -y --skip-broken
image

可以看到已经可以通过yum安装相关软件包更新。


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