屡思路
1. 初始 AsyncTask
AsyncTask
这个类的声明如下:
public abstract class AsyncTask {
.....
}
是一个抽象类
Params
表示输入参数的类型
Progress
表示后台任务的执行进度
Result
表示返回结果的类型
2.使用
在
AsyncTask
这个类的顶部有一些代码注释,里面讲述了如何使用一个AsyncTask
,如下:
* Here is an example of subclassing:
*
* private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> {
* protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) {
* int count = urls.length;
* long totalSize = 0;
* for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
* totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]);
* publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100));
* // Escape early if cancel() is called
* if (isCancelled()) break;
* }
* return totalSize;
* }
*
* protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
* setProgressPercent(progress[0]);
* }
*
* protected void onPostExecute(Long result) {
* showDialog("Downloaded " + result + " bytes");
* }
* }
*
//user
Once created, a task is executed very simply:
*
* new DownloadFilesTask().execute(url1, url2, url3);
*
3. 内部重要方法
onPreExecute()
@MainThread
protected void onPreExecute() {
}
在主线程中运行,异步任务之前会被调用,一般用于做一些准备工作;
doInBackground()
@WorkerThread
protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
在线程池中运行,此方法一般用于执行异步任务,通过publishProgress
方法来更新进度;
onProgressUpdate()
@MainThread
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
}
主线程中运行,当通过publishProgress
方法调用后,onProgressUpdate()
方法会被调用;
onPostExecute()
@MainThread
protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
}
主线程中运行,将返回的结果展示。
4.源码分析
从它的 execute
方法开始:
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask execute(Params... params) {
//sDefaultExecutor 定义如下,线程池
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
//首先判断是不是 PENDING
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
//将状态设置为 RUNNING 状态
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
//1.调用了 onPreExecute() 方法
onPreExecute();
//将参数封装到 mWorker.mParams 中去了
mWorker.mParams = params;
//调用execute 将mFuture 传进去了
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
为了弄明白整体流程,首页要搞明白上面的 mWorker
mFuture
是干嘛的。
mWorker
private final WorkerRunnable mWorker;
//抽象类 并且实现了Callable 接口
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable implements Callable {
Params[] mParams;
}
@SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
private static class AsyncTaskResult {
final AsyncTask mTask;
final Data[] mData;
AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
mTask = task;
mData = data;
}
}
}
//在AsyncTask 的构造方法中,分别对 mWorker, mFuture 进行了初始化
public AsyncTask(@Nullable Looper callbackLooper) {
mHandler = callbackLooper == null || callbackLooper == Looper.getMainLooper()
? getMainHandler()
: new Handler(callbackLooper);
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable() {
//实现 了 call 方法
public Result call() throws Exception {
//设置调用了为 true
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
//
Result result = null;
try {
//设置线程的优先级
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
//将 2. doInBackground的结果存储到 result 中
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
//最后执行postResult
postResult(result);
}
//返回结果
return result;
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
}
postResult(result)
方法
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
发送一条 MESSAGE_POST_RESULT
的消息,并且将result
存入到了 AsyncTaskResult
中的 mData
中去了,
其中 AsyncTaskResult
@SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
private static class AsyncTaskResult {
final AsyncTask mTask;
final Data[] mData;
AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
mTask = task;
mData = data;
}
}
getHandler
获取一个 Handler
,我们看下 handleMessage
的MESSAGE_POST_RESULT
对这条消息的处理:
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult> result = (AsyncTaskResult>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
//是他是他 就是他
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
其中 result
是 AsyncTaskResult
类型,前面我们见到过的,mTask
当时我们传的是 this
也就是当前的 AsyncTask
,调用finish
方法,将mData
返回的结果传入进去,还记得我们前面看过的吗,将返回的结果存入AsyncTaskResult.mData
中去了。
下面看下 finish
方法:
private void finish(Result result) {
//判断是否取消,如果取消了,就不执行onPostExecute 了
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
//4. 就执行onPostExecute 方法了
onPostExecute(result);
}
// 将状态标志为 finish
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
ok ,上述都是 mWorker
工作的,接下来是我们一开始说的 mFuture
mFuture
private final FutureTask mFuture;
//初始化也是在AsyncTask 构造方法中执行的,在mWorker 之下,并且将mWorder 传入
mFuture = new FutureTask(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
如下:
private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
//wasTaskInvoked 为true ,之前在 mWorker 中设置了为true
//mWorker = new WorkerRunnable() {
// public Result call() throws Exception {
// mTaskInvoked.set(true);
if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
postResult(result);
}
}
FutureTask
:
我们知道mWorker implement Callable 接口,传入赋值给了callable 变量
public FutureTask(Callable callable) {
if (callable == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.callable = callable;
this.state = NEW; // ensure visibility of callable
}
public void run() {
if (state != NEW ||
!U.compareAndSwapObject(this, RUNNER, null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
//callable 变量又赋值给了 c
Callable c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
//这里调用c.call 实际上就是调用 mWorker.call 方法
//,由我们上面的分析知道,在mWorker.call 方法中最终会返回 result 结果
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
set(result);
}
} finally {
// runner must be non-null until state is settled to
// prevent concurrent calls to run()
runner = null;
// state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
// leaked interrupts
int s = state;
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
ok ,这是 mFuture
,还剩下最后一个:
exec.execute(mFuture);
exec
就是 sDefaultExecutor
,其实 就是 SerialExecutor
,如下:
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
SerialExecutor
如下:
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque mTasks = new ArrayDeque();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
//第一次肯定为null ,执行 scheduleNext
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
//给 mActivie 赋值,mTasks.poll 会从第一个开始取
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
上面我们将 mFuture
传入,实际就是 r
.
mTask
是 ArrayDeque
姑且认为它是这个排队序列的吧。看下offer
方法:
/**
插入一个 element 在队尾
* Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque.
*
* This method is equivalent to {@link #offerLast}.
*
* @param e the element to add
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Queue#offer})
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
*/
public boolean offer(E e) {
return offerLast(e);
}
看注释,也就是说是每次执行一个任务,都是在当前 deque
的队尾开始排队的。并且执行是串行的,因为当第二个线程过来的时候,判断 mActive
不为 null
将不会执行 scheduleNext
.(我这个是8.0)源码,其实在 android 3.0
之后 AsyncTask
都是采用串行执行任务的。
各个版本的不同如下:
android 1.6
之前 ------ 串行
android 1.6-3.0
之间 ----- 并行
android 3.0
之后 ----- 串行
尽管如此,我们仍然可以通过 调用 executeOnExecutor
来并行执行任务。
ok , 回到那个 execute
方法中,我们说调用了 r.run
实际山就是 调用 mFuture.run
方法:
上面我们展示过在 mFuture.run
方法中如下:
try {
//这里调用c.call 实际上就是调用 mWorker.call 方法
//,由我们上面的分析知道,在mWorker.call 方法中最终会返回 result 结果
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
最终调用mWorker.call
方法,而在 mWorker.call
方法中,我们完成一系列的任务,调用了 doInBackground
onPostExecute
完成了整个的调用过程。
有的人可能已经注意到了 还差一个 onProgressUpdate
方法还没被调用,我们知道只有调用那个 publishProgress
方法的时候才能调用 onProgressUpdate
,那下面我们卡夏 publishProgress
方法:
@WorkerThread
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
//如果没取消
if (!isCancelled()) {
//会发送一个 MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS 的消息 getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult> result = (AsyncTaskResult>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS://是他是他 就是他
//3. 调用了 onProgressUpdate 方法了
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
会调用 AsyncTask
的 onProgressUpdate
方法了。结束。