Yii PHP 框架分析(四)

作者:wdy

http://hi.baidu.com/delphiss/blog/item/c15b314f05f9dfc0d0c86a26.html

Yii应用的入口脚本最后一句启动了WebApplication

Yii::createWebApplication($config)->run();

CApplication:

public function run()

{

   $this->onBeginRequest(new CEvent($this));

   $this->processRequest();

   $this->onEndRequest(new CEvent($this));

}

//processRequest()开始处理请求,由CWebApplication实现:

public function processRequest()

{

   if(is_array($this->catchAllRequest) && isset($this->catchAllRequest[0]))

   {

    $route=$this->catchAllRequest[0];

    foreach(array_splice($this->catchAllRequest,1) as $name=>$value)

     $_GET[$name]=$value;

   }

   else

    $route=$this->getUrlManager()->parseUrl($this->getRequest());

   $this->runController($route);

}

urlManager应用组件的parseUrl() 创建了$route (形式为controllerID/actionID的字符串),runController()创建Controller对象开始处理http请求。

$route 的值可能存在以下几种情况:
- 为空: 用 defaultController 值代替;
- “moduleID/controllerID/actionID”: module下的
- “controllerID/actionID” : 最常见的形式
- “folder1/folder2/controllerID/actionID” 多级目录下的控制器

runController首先调用createController()创建控制器对象

public function createController($route,$owner=null)

{

   // $owner为空则设置为$this,即 $_app对象

   if($owner===null)

    $owner=$this;

   // $route为空设置为defaultController,在$config里配置

   if(($route=trim($route,'/'))==='')

    $route=$owner->defaultController;

   $caseSensitive=$this->getUrlManager()->caseSensitive;

   $route.='/';

   // 逐一取出 $route 按 ‘/’分割后的第一段进行处理

   while(($pos=strpos($route,'/'))!==false)

   {

    // $id 里存放的是 $route 第一个 ‘/’前的部分

    $id=substr($route,0,$pos);

    if(!preg_match('/^\w+$/',$id))

     return null;

    if(!$caseSensitive)

     $id=strtolower($id);

    // $route 存放’/’后面部分

    $route=(string)substr($route,$pos+1);

    if(!isset($basePath)) // 完整$route的第一段

    {

     // 如果$id在controllerMap[]里做了映射

     // 直接根据$id创建controller对象

     if(isset($owner->controllerMap[$id]))

     {

      return array(

       Yii::createComponent($owner->controllerMap[$id],$id,$owner===$this?null:$owner),

       $this->parseActionParams($route),

      );

     }

     // $id 是系统已定义的 module,根据$id取得module对象作为$owner参数来createController

     if(($module=$owner->getModule($id))!==null)

      return $this->createController($route,$module);

     // 控制器所在的目录

     $basePath=$owner->getControllerPath();

     $controllerID='';

    }

    else

     $controllerID.='/';

    $className=ucfirst($id).'Controller';

    $classFile=$basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$className.'.php';

    // 控制器类文件存在,则require并创建控制器对象&返回

    if(is_file($classFile))

    {

     if(!class_exists($className,false))

      require($classFile);

     if(class_exists($className,false) && is_subclass_of($className,'CController'))

     {

      $id[0]=strtolower($id[0]);

      return array(

       new $className($controllerID.$id,$owner===$this?null:$owner),

       $this->parseActionParams($route),

      );

     }

     return null;

    }

    // 未找到控制器类文件,可能是多级目录,继续往子目录搜索

    $controllerID.=$id;

    $basePath.=DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$id;

   }

}

createController() 返回一个创建好的控制器对象和actionID, runController()调用控制器的init()方法和run($actionID)来运行控制器:

public function runController($route)

{

   if(($ca=$this->createController($route))!==null)

   {

    list($controller,$actionID)=$ca;

    $oldController=$this->_controller;

    $this->_controller=$controller;

    $controller->init();

    $controller->run($actionID);

    $this->_controller=$oldController;

   }

   else

    throw new CHttpException( 404, Yii::t('yii','Unable to resolve the request "{route}".', array( '{route}'=>$route==='' ? $this->defaultController:$route)));

}

$controller->init()里没有动作, run():

public function run($actionID)

{

   if(($action=$this->createAction($actionID))!==null)

   {

    if(($parent=$this->getModule())===null)

     $parent=Yii::app();

    if($parent->beforeControllerAction($this,$action))

    {

     $this->runActionWithFilters($action,$this->filters());

     $parent->afterControllerAction($this,$action);

    }

   }

   else

    $this->missingAction($actionID);

}

$controller->run($actionID)里首先创建了Action对象:

public function createAction($actionID)

{

   // 为空设置为defaultAction

   if($actionID==='')

    $actionID=$this->defaultAction;

   // 控制器里存在 'action'.$actionID 的方法,创建CInlineAction对象

   if(method_exists($this,'action'.$actionID) && strcasecmp($actionID,'s')) // we have actions method

    return new CInlineAction($this,$actionID);

   // 否则根据actions映射来创建Action对象

   else

    return $this->createActionFromMap($this->actions(),$actionID,$actionID);

}

这里可以看到控制器并不是直接调用了action方法,而是需要一个Action对象来运行控制器动作,这样就统一了控制器方法和actions映射的action对象对action的处理,即两种形式的action处理都统一为IAction接口的run()调用。

IAction接口要求实现run(),getId(),getController () 三个方法,Yii提供的CAction类要求构造函数提供Controller和Id并实现了getId()和getController ()的处理,Action类从CAction继承即可。

CInlineAction在web/action下,run()是很简单的处理过程,调用了Controller的action方法:

class CInlineAction extends CAction

{

public function run()

{

   $method='action'.$this->getId();

   $this->getController()->$method();

}

}

//回到 $controller->run($actionID)

public function run($actionID)

{

   if(($action=$this->createAction($actionID))!==null)

   {

    if(($parent=$this->getModule())===null)

     $parent=Yii::app();

    if($parent->beforeControllerAction($this,$action))

    {

     $this->runActionWithFilters($action,$this->filters());

     $parent->afterControllerAction($this,$action);

    }

   }

   else

    $this->missingAction($actionID);

}

Yii::app()->beforeControllerAction() 实际是固定返回true的,所以action对象实际是通过控制器的runActionWithFilters()被run的

public function runActionWithFilters($action,$filters)

{

   // 控制器里没有设置过滤器

   if(empty($filters))

    $this->runAction($action);

   else

   {

    // 创建过滤器链对象并运行

    $priorAction=$this->_action;

    $this->_action=$action;

    CFilterChain::create($this,$action,$filters)->run();

    $this->_action=$priorAction;

   }

}

没有过滤器,runAction()就是最终要调用前面创建的action对象的run()方法:

public function runAction($action)

{

   $priorAction=$this->_action;

   $this->_action=$action;

   if($this->beforeAction($action))

   {

    $action->run();

    $this->afterAction($action);

   }

   $this->_action=$priorAction;

}

每个filter都要实现IFilter接口,filter实现的preFilter()方法在$action->run()之前调用,如果判断action可以执行则返回true,否则返回false

if($filter1->preFilter())

if($filter2->preFilter())

   if($filtern->preFilter())

    $action->run()

    $filtern->postFilter()

   $filter2->postFilter()

$filter1->postFilter()

在action里最常见的操作就是render view文件: renderPartial()和render()。render()在处理view文件后会把结果放入layout文件内。

public function renderPartial($view,$data=null,$return=false,$processOutput=false)

{

   if(($viewFile=$this->getViewFile($view))!==false)

   {

    $output=$this->renderFile($viewFile,$data,true);

    if($processOutput)

     $output=$this->processOutput($output);

    if($return)

     return $output;

    else

     echo $output;

   }

   else

    throw new CException(Yii::t('yii','{controller} cannot find the requested view "{view}".',

     array('{controller}'=>get_class($this), '{view}'=>$view)));

}

getViewFile($view)获得$view的完整路径:
$view 以 ‘/’开头的,以系统views目录作为起始目录+$view+.php
$view含有别名的,查找别名的真实路径
其他的以modele view目录作为起始目录+$view+.php

如果没有在$config里配置第三方的renderer,renderFile() 里实际是调用了yii自身提供的renderInternal()来render view文件:

public function renderFile($viewFile,$data=null,$return=false)

{

   $widgetCount=count($this->_widgetStack);

   // 如果配置了其他的ViewRenderer

   if(($renderer=Yii::app()->getViewRenderer())!==null)

    $content=$renderer->renderFile($this,$viewFile,$data,$return);

   else

    // yii 自身的render

    $content=$this->renderInternal($viewFile,$data,$return);

   if(count($this->_widgetStack)===$widgetCount)

    return $content;

   else

   {

    $widget=end($this->_widgetStack);

    throw new CException(Yii::t('yii','{controller} contains improperly nested widget tags in its view "{view}". A {widget} widget does not have an endWidget() call.',

     array('{controller}'=>get_class($this), '{view}'=>$viewFile, '{widget}'=>get_class($widget))));

   }

}

Yii的renderer用的是php本身作为模板系统:

public function renderInternal($_viewFile_,$_data_=null,$_return_=false)

{

   // extract函数将$_data_从数组中将变量导入到当前的符号表

   if(is_array($_data_))

    extract($_data_,EXTR_PREFIX_SAME,'data');

   else

    $data=$_data_;

   if($_return_)

   {

    ob_start();

    ob_implicit_flush(false);

    require($_viewFile_);

    return ob_get_clean();

   }

   else

    require($_viewFile_);

}

render()的实际上是先renderPartial view文件,然后renderFile layoutfile,并将view文件的结果做为$content变量传入。

public function render($view,$data=null,$return=false)

{

   $output=$this->renderPartial($view,$data,true);

   if(($layoutFile=$this->getLayoutFile($this->layout))!==false)

    $output=$this->renderFile($layoutFile,array('content'=>$output),true);

   $output=$this->processOutput($output);

   if($return)

    return $output;

   else

    echo $output;

}

processOutput将render的结果再做处理,比如在head加上css或js脚本等。

public function processOutput ($output)

{

   Yii::app()->getClientScript()->render($output);

   // if using page caching, we should delay dynamic output replacement

   if($this->_dynamicOutput!==null && $this->isCachingStackEmpty())

    $output=$this->processDynamicOutput($output);

   if($this->_pageStates===null)

    $this->_pageStates=$this->loadPageStates();

   if(!empty($this->_pageStates))

    $this->savePageStates($this->_pageStates,$output);

   return $output;

}

 

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