华为配置旁挂三层组网隧道转发示例
配置旁挂三层组网隧道转发示例
组网图形
图1 配置旁挂三层组网隧道转发示例组网图
业务需求
企业用户接入WLAN网络，以满足移动办公的最基本需求。且在覆盖区域内移动发生漫游时，不影响用户的业务使用。使用VLAN pool作为业务VLAN，可以避免出现IP地址资源不足或者IP地址资源浪费，减小单个VLAN下的用户数目，缩小广播域。
组网需求
- AC组网方式：旁挂三层组网。
- DHCP部署方式：
- AC作为DHCP服务器为AP分配IP地址。
- 汇聚交换机SwitchB作为DHCP服务器为STA分配IP地址。
- 业务数据转发方式：隧道转发。
数据规划
| 项目 |
数据 |
|---|---|
| AP管理VLAN |
VLAN10、VLAN100 |
| STA业务VLAN |
VLAN pool |
| DHCP服务器 |
AC作为AP的DHCP服务器 汇聚交换机作为STA的DHCP服务器，STA的默认网关为10.23.101.2和10.23.102.2 |
| AP地址池 |
10.23.10.2～10.23.10.254/24 |
| STA地址池 |
10.23.101.3～10.23.101.254/24 10.23.102.3～10.23.102.254/24 |
| VLAN pool |
|
| AC源接口 |
VLANIF100：10.23.100.1/24 |
| AP组 |
|
| 域管理模板 |
|
| SSID模板 |
|
| 安全模板 |
|
| VAP模板 |
|
配置思路
- 配置AP、AC和周边网络设备之间实现三层互通。
- 配置VLAN pool，用于作为业务VLAN。
- 配置AP上线。
- 创建AP组，用于将需要进行相同配置的AP都加入到AP组，实现统一配置。
- 配置AC的系统参数，包括国家码、AC与AP之间通信的源接口。
- 配置AP上线的认证方式并离线导入AP，实现AP正常上线。
- 配置WLAN业务参数，实现STA访问WLAN网络功能。
配置注意事项
-
纯组播报文由于协议要求在无线空口没有ACK机制保障，且无线空口链路不稳定，为了纯组播报文能够稳定发送，通常会以低速报文形式发送。如果网络侧有大量异常组播流量涌入，则会造成无线空口拥堵。为了减小大量低速组播报文对无线网络造成的冲击，建议配置组播报文抑制功能。配置前请确认是否有组播业务，如果有，请谨慎配置限速值。
- 业务数据转发方式采用直接转发时，建议在直连AP的交换机接口上配置组播报文抑制。
- 业务数据转发方式采用隧道转发时，建议在AC的流量模板下配置组播报文抑制。
-
建议在与AP直连的设备接口上配置端口隔离，如果不配置端口隔离，尤其是业务数据转发方式采用直接转发时，可能会在VLAN内形成大量不必要的广播报文，导致网络阻塞，影响用户体验。
-
隧道转发模式下，管理VLAN和业务VLAN不能配置为同一VLAN，且AP和AC之间只能放通管理VLAN，不能放通业务VLAN。
- V200R021C00版本开始，配置CAPWAP源接口或源地址时，会检查和安全相关的配置是否已存在，包括DTLS加密的PSK、AC间DTLS加密的PSK、登录AP的用户名和密码、全局离线管理VAP的登录密码，均已存在才能成功配置，否则会提示用户先完成相关的配置。
- V200R021C00版本开始，AC默认开启CAPWAP控制隧道的DTLS加密功能。开启该功能，添加AP时AP会上线失败，此时需要先开启CAPWAP DTLS不认证方式（capwap dtls no-auth enable）让AP上线，以便AP获取安全凭证，AP上线后应及时关闭该功能（undo capwap dtls no-auth enable），避免未授权AP上线。
操作步骤
- 配置周围设备
# 配置接入交换机SwitchA的GE0/0/1和GE0/0/2接口加入VLAN10，GE0/0/1的缺省VLAN为VLAN10。
system-view [HUAWEI] sysname SwitchA [SwitchA] vlan batch 10 [SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk pvid vlan 10 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port-isolate enable [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit [SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type trunk [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit # 配置汇聚交换机SwitchB的接口GE0/0/1加入VLAN10，接口GE0/0/2加入VLAN100、VLAN101和VLAN102，接口GE0/0/3加入VLAN101和VLAN102，并创建接口VLANIF100，地址为10.23.100.2/24。system-view [HUAWEI] sysname SwitchB [SwitchB] vlan batch 10 100 101 102 [SwitchB] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1 [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit [SwitchB] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2 [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type trunk [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 101 102 [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit [SwitchB] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3 [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port link-type trunk [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port trunk allow-pass vlan 101 102 [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit [SwitchB] interface vlanif 100 [SwitchB-Vlanif100] ip address 10.23.100.2 24 [SwitchB-Vlanif100] quit # 配置Router的接口GE1/0/0加入VLAN101和VLAN102，创建接口VLANIF101并配置IP地址为10.23.101.2/24，创建接口VLANIF102并配置IP地址为10.23.102.2/24。system-view [Huawei] sysname Router [Router] vlan batch 101 102 [Router] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/0 [Router-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port link-type trunk [Router-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port trunk allow-pass vlan 101 102 [Router-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit [Router] interface vlanif 101 [Router-Vlanif101] ip address 10.23.101.2 24 [Router-Vlanif101] quit [Router] interface vlanif 102 [Router-Vlanif102] ip address 10.23.102.2 24 [Router-Vlanif102] quit - 配置AC与其它网络设备互通
# 配置AC的接口GE0/0/1加入VLAN100、VLAN101和VLAN102，并创建接口VLANIF100。
system-view [HUAWEI] sysname AC [AC] vlan 100 [AC-vlan100] quit [AC] interface vlanif 100 [AC-Vlanif100] ip address 10.23.100.1 24 [AC-Vlanif100] quit [AC] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1 [AC-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk [AC-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 101 102 [AC-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit # 配置AC到AP的路由，下一跳为SwitchB的VLANIF100。[AC] ip route-static 10.23.10.0 24 10.23.100.2 - 配置DHCP服务为AP和STA分配IP地址
# 在SwitchB上配置DHCP中继，代理AC分配IP地址。
[SwitchB] dhcp enable [SwitchB] interface vlanif 10 [SwitchB-Vlanif10] ip address 10.23.10.1 24 [SwitchB-Vlanif10] dhcp select relay [SwitchB-Vlanif10] dhcp relay server-ip 10.23.100.1 [SwitchB-Vlanif10] quit# 在SwitchB上创建VLANIF101和VLANIF102接口为STA提供地址，并指定默认网关。DNS服务器地址请根据实际需要配置。常用配置方法如下：- 接口地址池场景，需要在VLANIF接口视图下执行命令dhcp server dns-list ip-address &<1-8>。
- 全局地址池场景，需要在IP地址池视图下执行命令dns-list ip-address &<1-8>。
[SwitchB] interface vlanif 101 [SwitchB-Vlanif101] ip address 10.23.101.1 24 [SwitchB-Vlanif101] dhcp select interface [SwitchB-Vlanif101] dhcp server gateway-list 10.23.101.2 [SwitchB-Vlanif101] quit [SwitchB] interface vlanif 102 [SwitchB-Vlanif102] ip address 10.23.102.1 24 [SwitchB-Vlanif102] dhcp select interface [SwitchB-Vlanif102] dhcp server gateway-list 10.23.102.2 [SwitchB-Vlanif102] quit# 在AC上创建全局地址池为AP提供地址。[AC] dhcp enable [AC] ip pool huawei [AC-ip-pool-huawei] network 10.23.10.0 mask 24 [AC-ip-pool-huawei] gateway-list 10.23.10.1 [AC-ip-pool-huawei] option 43 sub-option 3 ascii 10.23.100.1 [AC-ip-pool-huawei] quit [AC] interface vlanif 100 [AC-Vlanif100] dhcp select global [AC-Vlanif100] quit - 配置VLAN pool，用于作为业务VLAN
# 在AC上新建VLAN pool，并将VLAN101和VLAN102加入其中，配置VLAN pool中的VLAN分配算法为“hash”。
本例VLAN pool中的VLAN分配算法配置为“hash”。分配算法缺省情况下为“hash”，如果之前没有修改其缺省配置，可以不用执行命令assignment hash。
本例VLAN pool仅以加入VLAN101和VLAN102两个VLAN为例，实际可以配置多个VLAN加入VLAN pool，配置方法与VLAN101和VLAN102一致。
[AC] vlan batch 101 102 [AC] vlan pool sta-pool [AC-vlan-pool-sta-pool] vlan 101 102 [AC-vlan-pool-sta-pool] assignment hash [AC-vlan-pool-sta-pool] quit - 配置AP上线
# 创建AP组，用于将相同配置的AP都加入同一AP组中。
[AC] wlan [AC-wlan-view] ap-group name ap-group1 [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] quit# 创建域管理模板，在域管理模板下配置AC的国家码并在AP组下引用域管理模板。[AC-wlan-view] regulatory-domain-profile name default [AC-wlan-regulate-domain-default] country-code cn [AC-wlan-regulate-domain-default] quit [AC-wlan-view] ap-group name ap-group1 [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] regulatory-domain-profile default Warning: Modifying the country code will clear channel, power and antenna gain configurations of the radio and reset the AP. Continue?[Y/N]:y [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] quit [AC-wlan-view] quit# 配置AC的源接口。V200R021C00版本开始，配置CAPWAP源接口或源地址时，会检查和安全相关的配置是否已存在，包括DTLS加密的PSK、AC间DTLS加密的PSK、登录AP的用户名和密码、全局离线管理VAP的登录密码，均已存在才能成功配置，否则会提示用户先完成相关的配置。
[AC] capwap source interface vlanif 100 Set the DTLS PSK(contains 6-32 plain-text characters, or 48 or 68 cipher-text characters that must be a combination of at least two of the following: lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, digits, and special characters):****** Set the DTLS inter-controller PSK(contains 6-32 plain-text characters, or 48 or 68 cipher-text characters that must be a combination of at least two of the following: lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, digits, and special characters):****** Set the user name for FIT APs(contains 4-31 plain-text characters, which can only include letters, digits and underlines. And the first character must be a letter):admin Set the password for FIT APs(plain-text password of 8-128 characters or cipher-text password of 48-188 characters that must be a combination of at least three of the following: lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, digits, and special characters):******** Set the global temporary-management psk(contains 8-63 plain-text characters, or 48-108 cipher-text characters that must be a combination of at least two of the following: lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, digits, and special characters):********# 在AC上离线导入AP，并将AP加入AP组“ap-group1”中。假设AP的MAC地址为60de-4476-e360，并且根据AP的部署位置为AP配置名称，便于从名称上就能够了解AP的部署位置。例如MAC地址为60de-4476-e360的AP部署在1号区域，命名此AP为area_1。ap auth-mode命令缺省情况下为MAC认证，如果之前没有修改其缺省配置，可以不用执行ap auth-mode mac-auth。
举例中使用的AP为AP5030DN，具有射频0和射频1两个射频。AP5030DN的射频0为2.4GHz射频，射频1为5GHz射频。
[AC] wlan [AC-wlan-view] ap auth-mode mac-auth [AC-wlan-view] ap-id 0 ap-mac 60de-4476-e360 [AC-wlan-ap-0] ap-name area_1 Warning: This operation may cause AP reset. Continue? [Y/N]:y [AC-wlan-ap-0] ap-group ap-group1 Warning: This operation may cause AP reset. If the country code changes, it will clear channel, power and antenna gain configuration s of the radio, Whether to continue? [Y/N]:y [AC-wlan-ap-0] quit# 将AP上电后，当执行命令display ap all查看到AP的“State”字段为“nor”时，表示AP正常上线。[AC-wlan-view] display ap all Total AP information:nor : normal [1] Extra information: P : insufficient power supply -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ID MAC Name Group IP Type State STA Uptime ExtraInfo -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 60de-4476-e360 area_1 ap-group1 10.23.10.254 AP5030DN nor 0 10S - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total: 1 - 配置WLAN业务
# 创建名为“wlan-net”的安全模板，并配置安全策略。
举例中以配置WPA-WPA2+PSK+AES的安全策略为例，密码为“a1234567”，实际配置中请根据实际情况，配置符合实际要求的安全策略。
[AC-wlan-view] security-profile name wlan-net [AC-wlan-sec-prof-wlan-net] security wpa-wpa2 psk pass-phrase a1234567 aes [AC-wlan-sec-prof-wlan-net] quit# 创建名为“wlan-net”的SSID模板，并配置SSID名称为“wlan-net”。[AC-wlan-view] ssid-profile name wlan-net [AC-wlan-ssid-prof-wlan-net] ssid wlan-net [AC-wlan-ssid-prof-wlan-net] quit# 创建名为“wlan-net”的VAP模板，配置业务数据转发模式、业务VLAN，并且引用安全模板和SSID模板。[AC-wlan-view] vap-profile name wlan-net [AC-wlan-vap-prof-wlan-net] forward-mode tunnel [AC-wlan-vap-prof-wlan-net] service-vlan vlan-pool sta-pool [AC-wlan-vap-prof-wlan-net] security-profile wlan-net [AC-wlan-vap-prof-wlan-net] ssid-profile wlan-net [AC-wlan-vap-prof-wlan-net] quit# 配置AP组引用VAP模板，AP上射频0和射频1都使用VAP模板“wlan-net”的配置。[AC-wlan-view] ap-group name ap-group1 [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] vap-profile wlan-net wlan 1 radio 0 [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] vap-profile wlan-net wlan 1 radio 1 [AC-wlan-ap-group-ap-group1] quit - 配置AP射频的信道和功率
射频的信道和功率自动调优功能默认开启，如果不关闭此功能则会导致手动配置不生效。举例中AP射频的信道和功率仅为示例，实际配置中请根据AP的国家码和网规结果进行配置。
# 关闭AP射频0的信道和功率自动调优功能，并配置AP射频0的信道和功率。[AC-wlan-view] ap-id 0 [AC-wlan-ap-0] radio 0 [AC-wlan-radio-0/0] calibrate auto-channel-select disable [AC-wlan-radio-0/0] calibrate auto-txpower-select disable [AC-wlan-radio-0/0] channel 20mhz 6 Warning: This action may cause service interruption. Continue?[Y/N]y [AC-wlan-radio-0/0] eirp 127 [AC-wlan-radio-0/0] quit# 关闭AP射频1的信道和功率自动调优功能，并配置AP射频1的信道和功率。[AC-wlan-ap-0] radio 1 [AC-wlan-radio-0/1] calibrate auto-channel-select disable [AC-wlan-radio-0/1] calibrate auto-txpower-select disable [AC-wlan-radio-0/1] channel 20mhz 149 Warning: This action may cause service interruption. Continue?[Y/N]y [AC-wlan-radio-0/1] eirp 127 [AC-wlan-radio-0/1] quit [AC-wlan-ap-0] quit - 验证配置结果
WLAN业务配置会自动下发给AP，配置完成后，通过执行命令display vap ssid wlan-net查看如下信息，当“Status”项显示为“ON”时，表示AP对应的射频上的VAP已创建成功。
[AC-wlan-view] display vap ssid wlan-net WID : WLAN ID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AP ID AP name RfID WID BSSID Status Auth type STA SSID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 area_1 0 1 60DE-4476-E360 ON WPA/WPA2-PSK 0 wlan-net 0 area_1 1 1 60DE-4476-E370 ON WPA/WPA2-PSK 0 wlan-net ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total: 2STA搜索到名为“wlan-net”的无线网络，输入密码“a1234567”并正常关联后，在AC上执行display station ssid wlan-net命令，可以查看到用户已经接入到无线网络“wlan-net”中。
[AC-wlan-view] display station ssid wlan-net Rf/WLAN: Radio ID/WLAN ID Rx/Tx: link receive rate/link transmit rate(Mbps) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STA MAC AP ID Ap name Rf/WLAN Band Type Rx/Tx RSSI VLAN IP address --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e019-1dc7-1e08 0 area_1 1/1 5G 11n 46/59 -68 101 10.23.101.254 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total: 1 2.4G: 0 5G: 1
配置文件
-
SwitchA的配置文件
# sysname SwitchA # vlan batch 10 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk pvid vlan 10 port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 port-isolate enable group 1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 # return -
SwitchB的配置文件
# sysname SwitchB # vlan batch 10 100 to 102 # dhcp enable # interface Vlanif10 ip address 10.23.10.1 255.255.255.0 dhcp select relay dhcp relay server-ip 10.23.100.1 # interface Vlanif100 ip address 10.23.100.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif101 ip address 10.23.101.1 255.255.255.0 dhcp select interface dhcp server gateway-list 10.23.101.2 # interface Vlanif102 ip address 10.23.102.1 255.255.255.0 dhcp select interface dhcp server gateway-list 10.23.102.2 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 to 102 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 101 to 102 # return -
Router的配置文件
# sysname Router # vlan batch 101 to 102 # interface Vlanif101 ip address 10.23.101.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif102 ip address 10.23.102.2 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 101 to 102 # return -
AC的配置文件
# sysname AC # vlan batch 100 to 102 # vlan pool sta-pool vlan 101 to 102 # dhcp enable # ip pool huawei gateway-list 10.23.10.1 network 10.23.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0 option 43 sub-option 3 ascii 10.23.100.1 # interface Vlanif100 ip address 10.23.100.1 255.255.255.0 dhcp select global # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 to 102 # ip route-static 10.23.10.0 24 10.23.100.2 # capwap source interface vlanif100 # wlan security-profile name wlan-net security wpa-wpa2 psk pass-phrase %^%#m"tz0f>~7.[`^6RWdzwCy16hJj/Mc!,}s`X*B]}A%^%# aes ssid-profile name wlan-net ssid wlan-net vap-profile name wlan-net forward-mode tunnel service-vlan vlan-pool sta-pool ssid-profile wlan-net security-profile wlan-net regulatory-domain-profile name default ap-group name ap-group1 radio 0 vap-profile wlan-net wlan 1 radio 1 vap-profile wlan-net wlan 1 ap-id 0 type-id 35 ap-mac 60de-4476-e360 ap-sn 210235554710CB000042 ap-name area_1 ap-group ap-group1 radio 0 channel 20mhz 6 eirp 127 calibrate auto-channel-select disable calibrate auto-txpower-select disable radio 1 channel 20mhz 149 eirp 127 calibrate auto-channel-select disable calibrate auto-txpower-select disable # return