在接下来的章节中我们将着重介绍GTK+系统中的对话框。
对话框窗口是众多GUI应用程序中不可或缺的部分。对话框经常是很多人进行信息交流的桥梁。在计算机中,对话框也经常扮演着我们和应用程序进行对话的工具。对话框可以用来输入数据,修改数据,或者改变应用程序的使用设置信息。对话框是一个人机交互的重要手段。
消息对话框可以方便的在你的应用程序中,跳出来显示一些有用的信息。当然可以包含文字或者图象。
#include <gtk/gtk.h> void show_info(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window) { GtkWidget *dialog; dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(window, GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT, GTK_MESSAGE_INFO, GTK_BUTTONS_OK, "Download Completed", "title"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Information"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } void show_error(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window) { GtkWidget *dialog; dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(window, GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT, GTK_MESSAGE_ERROR, GTK_BUTTONS_OK, "Error loading file"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Error"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } void show_question(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window) { GtkWidget *dialog; dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(window, GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT, GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION, GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO, "Are you sure to quit?"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Question"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } void show_warning(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window) { GtkWidget *dialog; dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(window, GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT, GTK_MESSAGE_WARNING, GTK_BUTTONS_OK, "Unallowed operation"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Warning"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } int main( int argc, char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *table; GtkWidget *info; GtkWidget *warn; GtkWidget *que; GtkWidget *err; gtk_init(&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 220, 150); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Message dialogs"); table = gtk_table_new(2, 2, TRUE); gtk_table_set_row_spacings(GTK_TABLE(table), 2); gtk_table_set_col_spacings(GTK_TABLE(table), 2); info = gtk_button_new_with_label("Info"); warn = gtk_button_new_with_label("Warning"); que = gtk_button_new_with_label("Question"); err = gtk_button_new_with_label("Error"); gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), info, 0, 1, 0, 1, GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3); gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), warn, 1, 2, 0, 1, GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3); gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), que, 0, 1, 1, 2, GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3); gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), err, 1, 2, 1, 2, GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), table); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window), 15); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(info), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(show_info), (gpointer) window); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(warn), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(show_warning), (gpointer) window); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(que), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(show_question), (gpointer) window); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(err), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(show_error), (gpointer) window); g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), G_OBJECT(window)); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
在上面的示例中,我们展示了四种消息对话框。Information, Warning, Question和 Error 消息对话框。
GtkWidget *dialog; dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(window, GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT, GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION, GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO, "Are you sure to quit?");
在函数show_question() 中,我们安排跳出了一个对话框。至于消息对话框是用函数gtk_message_dialog_new()
。 至于函数中的参数设置是在说明你想要显示那种样式的对话框。系统常量 GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION
是在说明我们想要生成一个question对话框。系统常量GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO
将生成“yes“和”no “两个按钮。最后一个参数是我们想要在对话框中显示的文字。
gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Warning"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog);
这里,我们为我们刚刚身成的消息对话框设置一个标题。最后运行这个对话框,接着设置了这个对话框必须手动关闭。
GTK应用程序对话框的是用来显示应用程序中的有关提示信息的。GTK应用程序对话框可以显示应用程序的logo ,名称,版本,版权,网站或者认证之类的信息。当然也可以在其中,给程序的作者,文档整理者,翻译者带来名誉上的声望。
#include <gtk/gtk.h> void show_about(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) { GdkPixbuf *pixbuf = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_file("battery.png", NULL); GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_about_dialog_new(); gtk_about_dialog_set_name(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "Battery"); gtk_about_dialog_set_version(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "0.9"); gtk_about_dialog_set_copyright(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "(c) Jan Bodnar"); gtk_about_dialog_set_comments(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "Battery is a simple tool for battery checking."); gtk_about_dialog_set_website(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "http://www.batteryhq.net"); gtk_about_dialog_set_logo(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), pixbuf); g_object_unref(pixbuf), pixbuf = NULL; gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG (dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } int main( int argc, char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *about; GdkPixbuf *battery; gtk_init(&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 220, 150); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Battery"); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window), 15); gtk_widget_add_events(window, GDK_BUTTON_PRESS_MASK); battery = gtk_image_get_pixbuf(GTK_IMAGE( gtk_image_new_from_file("battery.png"))); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "button-press-event", G_CALLBACK(show_about), (gpointer) window); g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), G_OBJECT(window)); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
上面的代码中我们用了构件GtkAboutDialog 以及该构件的一些特性。我们单击应用程序客户端窗口,该GTK应用程序信息对话框就会跳出来。:—)
GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_about_dialog_new();
我们要生成一个新的GtkAboutDialog构件。
gtk_about_dialog_set_name(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "Battery"); gtk_about_dialog_set_version(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "0.9"); gtk_about_dialog_set_copyright(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "(c) Jan Bodnar");
这个函数是用来设置一个名字,版本以及版权的。
GdkPixbuf *pixbuf = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_file("battery.png", NULL); ... gtk_about_dialog_set_logo(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), pixbuf); g_object_unref(pixbuf), pixbuf = NULL;
这段代码为我们的对话框设置了一个logo图标。
GTK字体选择对话框是用来让我们选择字体的。这在一些应用程序中很有代表性。尤其是一些文字处理或者文字排版的软件。
#include <gtk/gtk.h> void select_font(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer label) { GtkResponseType result; GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_font_selection_dialog_new("Select Font"); result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK || result == GTK_RESPONSE_APPLY) { PangoFontDescription *font_desc; gchar *fontname = gtk_font_selection_dialog_get_font_name( GTK_FONT_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog)); font_desc = pango_font_description_from_string(fontname); gtk_widget_modify_font(GTK_WIDGET(label), font_desc); g_free(fontname); } gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } int main( int argc, char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *label; GtkWidget *vbox; GtkWidget *toolbar; GtkToolItem *font; gtk_init(&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 280, 200); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Font Selection Dialog"); vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 0); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), vbox); toolbar = gtk_toolbar_new(); gtk_toolbar_set_style(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), GTK_TOOLBAR_ICONS); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(toolbar), 2); font = gtk_tool_button_new_from_stock(GTK_STOCK_SELECT_FONT); gtk_toolbar_insert(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), font, -1); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), toolbar, FALSE, FALSE, 5); label = gtk_label_new("ZetCode"); gtk_label_set_justify(GTK_LABEL(label), GTK_JUSTIFY_CENTER); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), label, TRUE, FALSE, 5); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(font), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(select_font), label); g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
在上面的代码示例中,我们在窗口的中央放置了一个简单标签;如果你点击工具栏按钮,那么字体选择对话框就会跳出来 .
GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_font_selection_dialog_new("Select Font"); result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));
我们生成了一个字体选择对话框构件即 GtkFontSelectionDialog。
if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK || result == GTK_RESPONSE_APPLY) { PangoFontDescription *font_desc; gchar *fontname = gtk_font_selection_dialog_get_font_name( GTK_FONT_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog)); font_desc = pango_font_description_from_string(fontname); gtk_widget_modify_font(GTK_WIDGET(label), font_desc); g_free(fontname); }
如果用户点击“OK“按钮。我们就得到了字体的相关信息,并且把该设置信息作用于前面生成的标签。
顾名思义GTK色彩选择对话框就是一个用于颜色选择的对话框。
#include <gtk/gtk.h> void select_font(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer label) { GtkResponseType result; GtkColorSelection *colorsel; GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_color_selection_dialog_new("Font Color"); result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK) { GdkColor color; colorsel = GTK_COLOR_SELECTION( GTK_COLOR_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog)->colorsel); gtk_color_selection_get_current_color(colorsel, &color); gtk_widget_modify_fg(GTK_WIDGET(label), GTK_STATE_NORMAL, &color); } gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } int main( int argc, char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *widget; GtkWidget *label; GtkWidget *vbox; GtkWidget *toolbar; GtkToolItem *font; gtk_init(&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 280, 200); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Color Selection Dialog"); vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 0); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), vbox); toolbar = gtk_toolbar_new(); gtk_toolbar_set_style(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), GTK_TOOLBAR_ICONS); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(toolbar), 2); font = gtk_tool_button_new_from_stock(GTK_STOCK_SELECT_COLOR); gtk_toolbar_insert(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), font, -1); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), toolbar, FALSE, FALSE, 5); label = gtk_label_new("ZetCode"); gtk_label_set_justify(GTK_LABEL(label), GTK_JUSTIFY_CENTER); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), label, TRUE, FALSE, 5); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(font), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(select_font), label); g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
这个示例与前面的字体选择对话框非常的类似。不过这里我们要完成的任务是改变标签文字的颜色。
GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_color_selection_dialog_new("Font Color"); result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));
当然首先是生成一个 GtkColorSelectionDialog
构件。
if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK) { GdkColor color; colorsel = GTK_COLOR_SELECTION( GTK_COLOR_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog)->colorsel); gtk_color_selection_get_current_color(colorsel, &color); gtk_widget_modify_fg(GTK_WIDGET(label), GTK_STATE_NORMAL, &color); }
当我们点击OK后,我们就得到了相关的颜色设置信息,并我们把这个设置用于改变标签文字的颜色。