MongoDB的数据库基本操作(二)

创建数据库

>use mydb
switched to db mydb 

 

查看所有的数据表

>show collections
 system.indexes

 

创建数据表 

>db.createCollection( " tb_user ")
{ " ok ": 1}

 

> db.createCollection( " Test ",{capped:true, size:10000}) { " ok " : 1 }

{ " ok ":1}

-- 说明

capped:true,表示该集合的结构不能被修改;

size:在建表之初就指定一定的空间大小,接下来 的插入操作会不断地按顺序APPEND数据在这个预分配好空间的文件中,如果已经超出空间大小,则回到文件头覆盖原来的数据继续插入。这种结构保证了插入 和查询的高效性,它不允许删除单个记录,更新的也有限制:不能超过原有记录的大小。这种表效率很高,它适用于一些暂时保存数据的场合,比如网站中登录用户 的session信息,又比如一些程序的监控日志,都是属于过了一定的时间就可以被覆盖的数据。

 

修改数据表名

 >db.tb_user.renameCollection( " tb_user1 ")
{ " ok ": 1}  

 

数据表帮助主题help

 > db.Account.help()

DBCollection help
        db.Account.find().help() - show DBCursor help
        db.Account.count()
        db.Account.dataSize()
        db.Account.distinct( key ) - eg. db.Account.distinct(  ' x ' )
        db.Account.drop() drop the collection
        db.Account.dropIndex(name)
        db.Account.dropIndexes()
        db.Account.ensureIndex(keypattern[,options]) - options  is an  object with these possible fields: name, unique, dropDups
        db.Account.reIndex()
        db.Account.find([query],[fields]) - query  is an optional query filter. fields  is optional  set of fields to  return.
                                                      e.g. db.Account.find( {x: 77} , {name: 1, x: 1} )
        db.Account.find(...).count()
        db.Account.find(...).limit(n)
        db.Account.find(...).skip(n)
        db.Account.find(...).sort(...)
        db.Account.findOne([query])
        db.Account.findAndModify( { update : ... , remove :  bool [, query: {}, sort: {},  ' new 'false] } )
        db.Account.getDB()  get DB  object associated with collection
        db.Account.getIndexes()
        db.Account.group( { key : ..., initial: ..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } )
        db.Account.mapReduce( mapFunction , reduceFunction , <optional  params> )
        db.Account.remove(query)
        db.Account.renameCollection( newName , <dropTarget> ) renames the collection.
        db.Account.runCommand( name , <options> ) runs a db command with the given name  where the first param  is the collection name
        db.Account.save(obj)
        db.Account.stats()
        db.Account.storageSize() - includes  free space allocated to  this collection
        db.Account.totalIndexSize() - size  in bytes of all the indexes
        db.Account.totalSize() - storage allocated  for all data and indexes
        db.Account.update(query,  object[, upsert_bool, multi_bool])
        db.Account.validate() - SLOW
        db.Account.getShardVersion() - only  for use with sharding

 

 

查询一条记录

复制代码
>  db.Account.findOne()
{
        
" _id "  : ObjectId( " 4ded95c3b7780a774a099b7c " ),
        
" UserName "  :  " libing " ,
        
" Password "  :  " 1 " ,
        
" Email "  :  " [email protected] " ,
        
" RegisterDate "  :  " 2011-06-07 11:06:25 "
}
复制代码

--SELECT TOP 1 * FROM Account

 

 查询聚集中字段的不同记录

>  db.Account.distinct( " UserName " )

--SELECT DISTINCT("UserName")  FROM Account

 

 查询聚集中UserName包含“keyword”关键字的记录

db.Account.find({ " UserName " : / keyword / })

 --SELECT * FROM Account WHERE UserName LIKE '%keyword%'

 

查询聚集中UserName以"keyword" 开头的记录

>  db.Account.find({ " UserName " : /^ keyword / })

--SELECT * FROM Account WHERE UserName LIKE 'keyword%'

 

查询聚集中UserName以“keyword”结尾的记录

>  db.Account.find({ " UserName " : / keyword$ / })

--SELECT * FROM Account WHERE UserName LIKE '%keyword' 

 

查询聚集中指定列

>  db.Account.find({},{ " UserName " : 1 , " Email " : 1 })    --1:true

--SELECT UserName,Email FROM Account

 

 查询聚集中排除指定列

>  db.Account.find({},{ " UserName " :0})    --0:false

 

查询聚集中指定列,且Age > 20

>  db.Account.find({ " Age " :{ " $gt " : 20 }},{ " UserName " : 1 , " Email " : 1 })

--SELECT UserName,Email FROM Account WHERE Age > 20 

 

聚集中字段排序 

>  db.Account.find().sort({ " UserName " : 1 })  --  升序
>  db.Account.find().sort({ " UserName " : - 1 })  -- 降序

--SELECT * FROM Account ORDER BY UserName ASC

--SELECT * FROM Account ORDER BY UserName DESC 

 

统计聚集中记录条数

>  db.Account.find().count()

--SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Account 

 

统计聚集中符合条件的记录条数

>  db.Account.find({ " Age " :{ " $gt " : 20 }}).count()

-- SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Account WHERE Age > 20

 

统计聚集中字段符合条件的记录条数

>  db.Account.find({ " UserName " :{ " $exists " :true}}).count()

--SELECT COUNT(UserName) FROM Account 

 

查询聚集中前5条记录 

>  db.Account.find().limit( 5 )

--SELECT TOP 5 * FROM Account 

 

查询聚集中第10条以后的记录

>  db.Account.find().skip( 10 )

--SELECT * FROM Account WHERE AccountID NOT IN (SELECT TOP 10 AccountID FROM Account) 

 

查询聚集中第10条记录以后的5条记录

>  db.Account.find().skip( 10 ).limit( 5 )

--SELECT TOP 5 * FROM Account WHERE AccountID NOT IN (SELECT TOP 10 AccountID FROM Account)

 

or查询

>  db.Account.find({ " $or " :[{ " UserName " : / keyword / },{ " Email " : / keyword / }]},{ " UserName " :true, " Email " :true})

--SELECT UserName,Email FROM Account WHERE UserName LIKE '%keyword%' OR Email LIKE '%keyword%' 

 

添加新记录

>  db.Account.insert({AccountID: 2 ,UserName: " lb " ,Password: " 1 " ,Age: 25 ,Email: " [email protected] " ,RegisterDate: " 2011-06-09 16:36:95 " })

修改记录

>  db.Account.update({ " AccountID " : 1 },{ " $set " :{ " Age " : 27 , " Email " : " [email protected] " }})
>  db.Account.find({ " AccountID " : 1 })
" AccountID "  :  1 " Age "  :  27 " Email "  :  " [email protected] " " Password "  :  " 1 " " RegisterDate "  :  " 2011-06-09 16:31:25 " " UserName "  :  " libing " " _id "  : ObjectId( " 4df08553188e444d001a763a " ) }

 

>  db.Account.update({ " AccountID " : 1 },{ " $inc " :{ " Age " : 1 }})
>  db.Account.find({ " AccountID " : 1 })
" AccountID "  :  1 " Age "  :  28 " Email "  :  " [email protected] " " Password "  :  " 1 " " RegisterDate "  :  " 2011-06-09 16:31:25 " " UserName "  :  " libing " " _id "  : ObjectId( " 4df08553188e444d001a763a " ) }

 

删除记录

>  db.Account.remove({ " AccountID " : 1 })  -- DELETE FROM Account WHERE AccountID  =   1

 

>  db.Account.remove({ " UserName " : " libing " })  -- DELETE FROM Account WHERE UserName  =   ' libing '

 

>  db.Account.remove({ " Age " :{$lt: 20 }})  -- DELETE FROM Account WHERE Age  <   20
>  db.Account.remove({ " Age " :{$lte: 20 }})  -- DELETE FROM Account WHERE Age  <=   20
>  db.Account.remove({ " Age " :{$gt: 20 }})  -- DELETE FROM Account WHERE Age  >   20
>  db.Account.remove({ " Age " :{$gte: 20 }})  -- DELETE FROM Account WHERE Age  >=   20
>  db.Account.remove({ " Age " :{$ne: 20 }})  -- DELETE FROM Account WHERE Age  !=   20

 

>  db.Account.remove()     -- 全部删除
>  db.Account.remove({})   -- 全部删除

 

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