gridView总结

GridView 72般绝技

-----------GridView绑定行号------------
<%#DataBinder.Eval(Container,"RowIndex") %>

1.GridView无代码分页排序
    1.1.AllowSorting设为True，aspx代码中是AllowSorting="True"；
    1.2..默认1页10条，如果要修改每页条数，修改PageSize即可，在aspx代码中是PageSize="12"。
    1.3.默认的是单向排序的，右击GridView弹出“属性”，选择AllowSorting为True即可。

2.GridView选中，编辑，取消，删除
        protected void GridView1_RowEditing(object sender, GridViewEditEventArgs e)
    ...{ 
        GridView1.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex;
        bind();
    }

//删除
    protected void GridView1_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
    ...{
        string sqlstr = "delete from 表 where id=''" + GridView1.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Value.ToString() + "''";                            

        bind();
    }

//更新
    protected void GridView1_RowUpdating(object sender, GridViewUpdateEventArgs e)
    ...{
        sqlcon = new SqlConnection(strCon);
        string sqlstr = "update 表 set 字段1=''"
            + ((TextBox)(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[1].Controls[0])).Text.ToString().Trim() + "'',字段2=''"
            + ((TextBox)(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[2].Controls[0])).Text.ToString().Trim() + "'',字段3=''"
            + ((TextBox)(GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[3].Controls[0])).Text.ToString().Trim() + "'' where id=''"
            + GridView1.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Value.ToString() + "''";
    
        GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
        bind();
    }
//取消
    protected void GridView1_RowCancelingEdit(object sender, GridViewCancelEditEventArgs e)
    ...{
        GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
        bind();
    }

//绑定
    public void bind()
    ...{
    
        GridView1.DataSource = myds;
        GridView1.DataKeyNames = new string[] ...{ "id" };//主键
        GridView1.DataBind();

    }

3.GridView正反双向排序

        public partial class Default3 : System.Web.UI.Page
        ...{
            protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
            ...{
                if (!IsPostBack)
                ...{
                    ViewState["SortOrder"] = "身份证号码";
                    ViewState["OrderDire"] = "ASC";
                    bind();
                }
            }
            protected void GridView1_Sorting(object sender, GridViewSortEventArgs e)
            ...{
                string sPage = e.SortExpression;
                if (ViewState["SortOrder"].ToString() == sPage)
                ...{
                    if (ViewState["OrderDire"].ToString() == "Desc")
                        ViewState["OrderDire"] = "ASC";
                    else
                        ViewState["OrderDire"] = "Desc";
                }
                else
                ...{
                    ViewState["SortOrder"] = e.SortExpression;
                }
                bind();
            }

            public void bind()
            ...{
                myda.Fill(myds, "飞狐工作室");
                DataView view = myds.Tables["飞狐工作室"].DefaultView;
                string sort = (string)ViewState["SortOrder"] + " " + (string)ViewState["OrderDire"];
                view.Sort = sort;
                GridView1.DataSource = view;
                GridView1.DataBind();
            }
        }
4.GridView和下拉菜单DropDownList结合
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    ...{
        DropDownList ddl;
        if (!IsPostBack)
        ...{
            string sqlstr = "select top 5 * from 飞狐工作室";
            sqlcon = new SqlConnection(strCon);
            SqlDataAdapter myda = new SqlDataAdapter(sqlstr, sqlcon);
            DataSet myds = new DataSet();
            sqlcon.Open();
            myda.Fill(myds, "飞狐工作室");
            GridView1.DataSource = myds;
            GridView1.DataBind();
            for (int i = 0; i <= GridView1.Rows.Count - 1; i++)
            ...{
                DataRowView mydrv = myds.Tables["飞狐工作室"].DefaultView[i];
                if (Convert.ToString(mydrv["员工性别"]).Trim() == "True")
                ...{
                    ddl = (DropDownList)GridView1.Rows[i].FindControl("DropDownList1");
                    ddl.SelectedIndex = 0;
                }
                if (Convert.ToString(mydrv["员工性别"]).Trim() == "False")
                ...{
                    ddl = (DropDownList)GridView1.Rows[i].FindControl("DropDownList1");
                    ddl.SelectedIndex = 1;
                }
            }
            sqlcon.Close();
        }
    }
    public SqlDataReader ddlbind()
    ...{
        string sqlstr = "select distinct 员工性别 from 飞狐工作室";
        sqlcon = new SqlConnection(strCon);
        SqlCommand sqlcom = new SqlCommand(sqlstr, sqlcon);
        sqlcon.Open();
        return sqlcom.ExecuteReader();
    }
5.GridView和CheckBox结合

//checkBox在外部
 protected void CheckBox2_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    ...{
        for (int i = 0; i <= GridView1.Rows.Count - 1; i++)
        ...{
            CheckBox cbox = (CheckBox)GridView1.Rows[i].FindControl("CheckBox1");
            if (CheckBox2.Checked == true)
            ...{
                cbox.Checked = true;
            }
            else
            ...{
                cbox.Checked = false;
            }
        }
    }
    //遍例删除
      protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    ...{
 
        for (int i = 0; i <= GridView1.Rows.Count - 1; i++)
        ...{
            CheckBox cbox = (CheckBox)GridView1.Rows[i].FindControl("CheckBox1");
            if (cbox.Checked == true)
            ...{
               string id =  GridView1.DataKeys[i].Value;
        
            }
        }       
6.GridView实现删除时弹出确认对话框
 protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
      ...{
        //如果是绑定数据行    ////当有编辑列时，避免出错，要加的RowState判断
        if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
        ...{
            if (e.Row.RowState == DataControlRowState.Normal || e.Row.RowState == DataControlRowState.Alternate)
            ...{
                ((LinkButton)e.Row.Cells[6].Controls[0]).Attributes.Add("onclick", "javascript:return confirm(''你确认要删除："" + e.Row.Cells[1].Text + ""吗?'')");
            }
        }
    }
7.GridView实现自动编号
    在后台的GridView1_RowDataBound()方法添加代码，最后代码如下所示：
    protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
    ...{
        //如果是绑定数据行 //清清月儿http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet
        if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
        ...{
            /**/////鼠标经过时，行背景色变
            e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseover", "this.style.backgroundColor=''#E6F5FA''");
            /**/////鼠标移出时，行背景色变
            e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseout", "this.style.backgroundColor=''#FFFFFF''");
        }
        if (e.Row.RowIndex != -1)
        ...{
            int id = e.Row.RowIndex + 1;
            e.Row.Cells[0].Text = id.ToString();
        }
    }
注意这时最好把前台的第一列的表头该为“编号”，因为以前的第一列被“吃掉”了。

8.GridView实现自定义时间货币等字符串格式
    解决方法：
    在asp.net 2.0中，如果要在绑定列中显示比如日期格式等，如果用下面的方法是显示不了的
    <asp :BoundField DataField="CreationDate"
    DataFormatString="{0:M-dd-yyyy}"
    HeaderText="CreationDate" />

    主要是由于htmlencode属性默认设置为true,已防止XSS攻击，安全起见而用的，所以，可以有以下两种方法解决
    1、
        <asp :GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server">
        <columns>
        <asp :BoundField DataField="CreationDate"
        DataFormatString="{0:M-dd-yyyy}"
        HtmlEncode="false"
        HeaderText="CreationDate" />
        </columns>
        </asp>

        将htmlencode设置为false即可
    2.另外的解决方法为，使用模版列
    <asp :GridView ID="GridView3" runat="server" >
    <columns>
    <asp :TemplateField HeaderText="CreationDate" >
    <edititemtemplate>
    <asp :Label ID="Label1" runat="server"
    Text=''<%# Eval("CreationDate", "{0:M-dd-yyyy}") %>''>
    </asp>
    </edititemtemplate>
    <itemtemplate>
    <asp :Label ID="Label1" runat="server"
    Text=’<%# Bind("CreationDate", "{0:M-dd-yyyy}") %>''>
    </asp>
    </itemtemplate>
    </asp>
    </columns>
    </asp>
    附录-常用格式化公式：
    ...{0:C}  货币；
    ...{0:D4}由0填充的4个字符宽的字段中显示整数；
    ...{0:000.0}四舍五入小数点保留第几位有效数字；
    ...{0:N2}小数点保留2位有效数字；...{0:N2}%   小数点保留2位有效数字加百分号；
    ...{0:D}长日期；...{0:d}短日期；...{0:yy-MM-dd}   例如07-3-25；；...{0:yyyy-MM-dd}  例如2007-3-25
9 .GridView实现用“...”代替超长字符串
    public void bind()
    ...{
        GridView1.DataSource = myds;
        GridView1.DataKeyNames = new string[] ...{ "身份证号码" };
        GridView1.DataBind();
        for (int i = 0; i <= GridView1.Rows.Count - 1; i++)
        ...{
            DataRowView mydrv;
            string gIntro;
            if (GridView1.PageIndex == 0)
            ...{
                mydrv = myds.Tables[0].DefaultView[i];
                gIntro = Convert.ToString(mydrv["家庭住址"]);
                GridView1.Rows[i].Cells[3].Text = SubStr(gIntro, 2);
            }
            else
            ...{
                mydrv = myds.Tables["飞狐工作室"].DefaultView[i + (5 * GridView1.PageIndex)];
                gIntro = Convert.ToString(mydrv["家庭住址"]);
                GridView1.Rows[i].Cells[3].Text = SubStr(gIntro, 2);
            }
        }
    }

    调用的方法：
    public string SubStr(string sString, int nLeng)
    ...{
        if (sString.Length <= nLeng)
        ...{
            return sString;
        }
        string sNewStr = sString.Substring(0, nLeng);
        sNewStr = sNewStr + "...";
        return sNewStr;
    }
10.GridView一般换行与强制换行
        gridview里有一列绑定的数据很长，显示的时候在一行里面显示，页面拉得很宽。
    原因是连续英文段为一个整体导致的，在RowDataBound中添加上了一句e.Row.Cells[2].Style.Add("word-break", "break-all")就可以。

    如果要给所有的列增加此属性：
     protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        ...{
            //正常换行
            GridView1.Attributes.Add("style", "word-break:keep-all;word-wrap:normal");
            //下面这行是自动换行
            GridView1.Attributes.Add("style", "word-break:break-all;word-wrap:break-word");
            if (!IsPostBack)
            ...{
                 bind();//调用数据绑定即可
            }
        }
    总之：善用CSS的word-break:break-all;word-wrap:break-word属性即可，这个属性是通用的对于顽固的南换行问题都可以解决，不局限于GridView。

   
11.GridView显示隐藏某一列
    双击CheckBox1，在CheckedChanged方法里写上代码，最后代码如下：
protected void CheckBox1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    ...{
         GridView1.Columns[3].Visible=! GridView1.Columns[3].Visible;
         Response.Write("GridView1的第4列现在的显示隐藏状态是："+GridView1.Columns[3].Visible.ToString());
    }
   
12.GridView弹出新页面/弹出新窗口
    方案二：精确控制弹出窗口大小位置
<asp:HyperLinkColumn DataNavigateUrlField="EmployeeID" DataNavigateUrlFormatString="javascript:varwin=window.open(''detail.aspx?ID={0}'',null,''width=300,height=200'');window.Close();"
       DataTextField="LastName" HeaderText="LastName"></asp:HyperLinkColumn>

使用的是结合javascript的window.open方法，关于window.open的参数网上有很多帖子，本站也有许多参考

13.GridView固定表头(不用javascript只用CSS，2行代码，很好用)
    <head runat="server">
    <title>GridView固定表头 清清月儿http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet </title>
        <style>
.Freezing
   ...{
   
   position:relative ;
   table-layout:fixed;
   top:expression(this.offsetParent.scrollTop);  
   z-index: 10;
   }

.Freezing th...{text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;white-space: nowrap;padding:2px;}
</style>
</head>
...
 <div style="overflow-y: scroll; height: 200px;width:300px" id="dvBody">
 <HeaderStyle BackColor="#006699" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" CssClass="Freezing"/>
 </div>
 用法：CSS设如上的样式，HeaderStyle加CssClass="Freezing，套住GridView的Div设置高度宽度 <div style="overflow-y: scroll; height: 200px;width:200px" >
 
14.GridView合并表头多重表头无错完美版（以合并3列3行举例）
        //这里就是解决方案
    protected void GridView1_RowCreated(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
    ...{
        switch (e.Row.RowType)
        ...{
            case DataControlRowType.Header:
                //第一行表头
                TableCellCollection tcHeader = e.Row.Cells;
                tcHeader.Clear();
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[0].Attributes.Add("rowspan", "3"); //跨Row
                tcHeader[0].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "white");
                tcHeader[0].Text = "";
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                //tcHeader[1].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "Red");
                tcHeader[1].Attributes.Add("colspan", "6"); //跨Column
                tcHeader[1].Text = "全部信息</th></tr><tr>";

                //第二行表头
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[2].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "DarkSeaGreen");
                tcHeader[2].Text = "身份证号码";
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[3].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "LightSteelBlue");
                tcHeader[3].Attributes.Add("colspan", "2");
                tcHeader[3].Text = "基本信息";
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[4].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "DarkSeaGreen");
                tcHeader[4].Text = "福利";
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[5].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "LightSteelBlue");
                tcHeader[5].Attributes.Add("colspan", "2");
                tcHeader[5].Text = "联系方式</th></tr><tr>";

                //第三行表头
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[6].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "Khaki");
                tcHeader[6].Text = "身份证号码";
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[7].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "Khaki");
                tcHeader[7].Text = "姓名";
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[8].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "Khaki");
                tcHeader[8].Text = "出生日期";
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[9].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "Khaki");
                tcHeader[9].Text = "薪水";
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[10].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "Khaki");
                tcHeader[10].Text = "家庭住址";
                tcHeader.Add(new TableHeaderCell());
                tcHeader[11].Attributes.Add("bgcolor", "Khaki");
                tcHeader[11].Text = "邮政编码";
                break;
        }
    }
}

15.GridView突出显示某一单元格（例如金额低于多少，分数不及格等）
    protected void bind()
    ...{
               for (int i = 0; i <= GridView1.Rows.Count - 1; i++)
            ...{
                DataRowView mydrv = myds.Tables["飞狐工作室"].DefaultView[i];
                string score = Convert.ToString(mydrv["起薪"]);
                if (Convert.ToDouble(score) < 34297.00)//大家这里根据具体情况设置可能ToInt32等
                ...{
                    GridView1.Rows[i].Cells[4].BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red;
                }
            }
      }
16.GridView加入自动求和求平均值小计(例如在购物车中，总计，平均)
    private double sum = 0;//取指定列的数据和，你要根据具体情况对待可能你要处理的是int
    protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
        ...{
            if (e.Row.RowIndex >= 0)
            ...{
            //在第7列上运算
                sum += Convert.ToDouble(e.Row.Cells[6].Text);
            }
            else if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.Footer)
            ...{
                e.Row.Cells[5].Text = "总薪水为：";
                e.Row.Cells[6].Text = sum.ToString();
                e.Row.Cells[3].Text = "平均薪水为：";
                e.Row.Cells[4].Text = ((int)(sum / GridView1.Rows.Count)).ToString();
               
            }
        }
17.GridView数据导入Excel/Excel数据读入GridView
    解决方案：
        页面增加一个按钮，单击事件添加如下方法：
        protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            ...{
                Export("application/ms-excel", "学生成绩报表.xls");
            }

       private void Export()
        { 
        Response.Charset = "GB2312";
        Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF7;
        Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + DateTime.Now.ToString() + ".xls");
        Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";
        this.EnableViewState = false;
        StringWriter tw = new StringWriter();
        HtmlTextWriter hw = new HtmlTextWriter(tw);
        GridView1.RenderControl(hw);
        Response.Write(tw.ToString());
        Response.End();
       }
        //如果没有下面方法会报错类型“GridView”的控件“GridView1”必须放在具有 runat=server 的窗体标记内
        public override void VerifyRenderingInServerForm(Control control){}
        还要设置该属性：EnableEventValidation="false"

只能在执行Render() 的过程中调用 RegisterForEventValidation；

在实现"将GridView中的数据导出到Excel中"的时候出现了如下错误：

用户代码未处理 InvalidOperationException
只能在执行 Render() 的过程中调用 RegisterForEventValidation；

     EnableEventValidation属性是 .NET Framework 2.0 中是新增的属性，默认的情况下该属性的值为true；通过这个新增的功能ASP.NET会检查 POST方法中的所带的参数,如果认为不合法,就会抛出异常。这个设计的目的是为了防止恶意用户利用post 方法发送一些恶意数据，但是有时也会出现类似上面的错误。

只要禁止这个功能，问题就能得到解决。可以通过以下两种途径解决：
1、在Web.Config文件中：在<system.web></system.web>标记中添加如下代码：
<system.web>
      <pages enableEventValidation="false"> </pages>
</system.web>
2、在具体的.aspx页面的源代码中修改代码，如下：
<%@ Page Language="C#" EnableEventValidation="false" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="GridView_Export_Excel.aspx.cs" Inherits="GridView_Export_Excel" %>

        还有由于是文件操作所以要引入名称空间IO和Text
读取Excel数据的代码：这个很简单的
private DataSet CreateDataSource()
    ...{
        string strCon;
        strCon = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + Server.MapPath("excel.xls") + "; Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";
        OleDbConnection olecon = new OleDbConnection(strCon);
        OleDbDataAdapter myda = new OleDbDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]", strCon);
        DataSet myds = new DataSet();
        myda.Fill(myds);
        return myds;
    }
    protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    ...{
        GridView1.DataSource = CreateDataSource();
        GridView1.DataBind();
    }

18.鼠标移到GridView某一行时改变该行的背景色方法一
    protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
    ...{
        int i;
        //执行循环，保证每条数据都可以更新
        for (i = 0; i < GridView1.Rows.Count; i++)
        ...{
            //首先判断是否是数据行
            if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
            ...{
                //当鼠标停留时更改背景色
                e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseover", "c=this.style.backgroundColor;this.style.backgroundColor=''#00A9FF''");
                //当鼠标移开时还原背景色
                e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseout", "this.style.backgroundColor=c");
            }
        }

    }
鼠标移到GridView某一行时改变该行的背景色方法二
protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
    ...{
    
        /**/////执行循环，保证每条数据都可以更新
        //for (int i = 0; i < GridView1.Rows.Count; i++)
        //{
        //    //首先判断是否是数据行
        //    if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
        //    {
        //        //当鼠标停留时更改背景色
        //        e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseover", "c=this.style.backgroundColor;this.style.backgroundColor=''#00A9FF''");
        //        //当鼠标移开时还原背景色
        //        e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseout", "this.style.backgroundColor=c");
        //    }
        //}
        //如果是绑定数据行
        if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
        ...{
            //鼠标经过时，行背景色变
            e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseover", "this.style.backgroundColor=''#E6F5FA''");
            //鼠标移出时，行背景色变
            e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseout", "this.style.backgroundColor=''#FFFFFF''");
        }

    }

文章出处：http://www.diybl.com/course/4_webprogram/asp.net/asp_netxl/20071222/93080.html