C#程序开发中经常遇到的10条实用的代码

1 读取操作系统和CLR的版本

OperatingSystem os = System.Environment.OSVersion;

Console.WriteLine(“Platform: {0}”, os.Platform);

Console.WriteLine(“Service Pack: {0}”, os.ServicePack);

Console.WriteLine(“Version: {0}”, os.Version);

Console.WriteLine(“VersionString: {0}”, os.VersionString);

Console.WriteLine(“CLR Version: {0}”, System.Environment.Version);
 

在我的Windows 7系统中,输出以下信息

Platform: Win32NT
Service Pack:
Version: 6.1.7600.0
VersionString: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7600.0
CLR Version: 4.0.21006.1

 

2 读取CPU数量,内存容量

可以通过Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)提供的接口读取所需要的信息。

private static UInt32 CountPhysicalProcessors()

{

     ManagementObjectSearcher objects = new ManagementObjectSearcher(

        “SELECT * FROM Win32_ComputerSystem”);

     ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get();

     foreach(ManagementObject obj in coll)

    {

        return (UInt32)obj[“NumberOfProcessors”];

    } 

    return 0;

}

private static UInt64 CountPhysicalMemory()

{

   ManagementObjectSearcher objects =new ManagementObjectSearcher(

      “SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMemory”);

   ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get();

   UInt64 total = 0;

   foreach (ManagementObject obj in coll)

   {

       total += (UInt64)obj[“Capacity”];

    }

    return total;

}

请添加对程序集System.Management的引用,确保代码可以正确编译。

Console.WriteLine(“Machine: {0}”, Environment.MachineName);

Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (logical): {0}”, Environment.ProcessorCount);

Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (physical): {0}”  CountPhysicalProcessors());

Console.WriteLine(“RAM installed: {0:N0} bytes”,  CountPhysicalMemory());

Console.WriteLine(“Is OS 64-bit? {0}”,   Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem);

Console.WriteLine(“Is process 64-bit? {0}”,  Environment.Is64BitProcess);

Console.WriteLine(“Little-endian: {0}”, BitConverter.IsLittleEndian);

foreach (Screen screen in  System.Windows.Forms.Screen.AllScreens)

{

     Console.WriteLine(“Screen {0}”, screen.DeviceName);

     Console.WriteLine(“\tPrimary {0}”, screen.Primary);

     Console.WriteLine(“\tBounds: {0}”, screen.Bounds);

     Console.WriteLine(“\tWorking Area: {0}”,screen.WorkingArea);

     Console.WriteLine(“\tBitsPerPixel: {0}”,screen.BitsPerPixel);

}
 
 

3 读取注册表键值对

using (RegistryKey keyRun = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@”Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run”))

{

    foreach (string valueName in keyRun.GetValueNames())

    {

     Console.WriteLine(“Name: {0}\tValue: {1}”, valueName, keyRun.GetValue(valueName));

    }

}

请添加命名空间Microsoft.Win32,以确保上面的代码可以编译。

 

4 启动,停止Windows服务

这项API提供的实用功能常常用来管理应用程序中的服务,而不必到控制面板的管理服务中进行操作。

ServiceController controller = new ServiceController(“e-M-POWER”);      

controller.Start();      

if (controller.CanPauseAndContinue)      

{      

    controller.Pause();      

    controller.Continue();      

}      

controller.Stop();      

.net提供的API中,可以实现一句话安装与卸载服务

 if (args[0] == "/i")

 {

       ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location });

 }

 else if (args[0] == "/u")

 {

   ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { "/u", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location });

 }

 

如代码所示,给应用程序传入i或u参数,以表示是卸载或是安装程序。

 

5 验证程序是否有strong name (P/Invoke)

比如在程序中,为了验证程序集是否有签名,可调用如下方法

[DllImport("mscoree.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]

static extern bool StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(string wszFilePath, bool fForceVerification, ref bool  pfWasVerified);



bool notForced = false;

bool verified = StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(assembly, false, ref notForced);

Console.WriteLine("Verified: {0}\nForced: {1}", verified, !notForced);

这个功能常用在软件保护方法,可用来验证签名的组件。即使你的签名被人去掉,或是所有程序集的签名都被去除,只要程序中有这一项调用代码,则可以停止程序运行。

 

6 响应系统配置项的变更

比如我们锁定系统后,如果QQ没有退出,则它会显示了忙碌状态。

请添加命名空间Microsoft.Win32,然后对注册下面的事件。

. DisplaySettingsChanged (包含Changing)  显示设置
. InstalledFontsChanged  字体变化
. PaletteChanged 
. PowerModeChanged 电源状态
. SessionEnded (用户正在登出或是会话结束)
. SessionSwitch (变更当前用户)
. TimeChanged 时间改变
. UserPreferenceChanged (用户偏号 包含Changing)

我们的ERP系统,会监测系统时间是否改变,如果将时间调整后ERP许可文件之外的范围,会导致ERP软件不可用。

 

7 运用Windows7的新特性

Windows7系统引入一些新特性,比如打开文件对话框,状态栏可显示当前任务的进度。

Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog ofd = new  Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog();

ofd.AddToMostRecentlyUsedList = true;

ofd.IsFolderPicker = true;

ofd.AllowNonFileSystemItems = true;

ofd.ShowDialog();
 

 

用这样的方法打开对话框,与BCL自带类库中的OpenFileDialog功能更多一些。不过只限于Windows 7系统中,所以要调用这段代码,还要检查操作系统的版本要大于6,并且添加对程序集Windows API Code Pack for Microsoft®.NET Framework的引用,请到这个地址下载 http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/WindowsAPICodePack

 

8 检查程序对内存的消耗

用下面的方法,可以检查.NET给程序分配的内存数量

long available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);

Console.WriteLine(“Before allocations: {0:N0}”, available);

int allocSize = 40000000;

byte[] bigArray = new byte[allocSize];

available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);

Console.WriteLine(“After allocations: {0:N0}”, available);

 

在我的系统中,它运行的结果如下所示

Before allocations: 651,064

After allocations: 40,690,080
 

使用下面的方法,可以检查当前应用程序占用的内存

Process proc = Process.GetCurrentProcess();

Console.WriteLine(“Process Info: “+Environment.NewLine+ 
 “Private Memory Size: {0:N0}”+Environment.NewLine +

“Virtual Memory Size: {1:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
“Working Set Size: {2:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +

“Paged Memory Size: {3:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +

“Paged System Memory Size: {4:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
  “Non-paged System Memory Size: {5:N0}” + Environment.NewLine,

proc.PrivateMemorySize64,   proc.VirtualMemorySize64,  proc.WorkingSet64,  proc.PagedMemorySize64, proc.PagedSystemMemorySize64,  proc.NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 );
 
 

9 使用记秒表检查程序运行时间

如果你担忧某些代码非常耗费时间,可以用StopWatch来检查这段代码消耗的时间,如下面的代码所示

System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch timer = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();

timer.Start();

Decimal total = 0;

int limit = 1000000;

for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i)

{

      total = total + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i);

}

timer.Stop();

Console.WriteLine(“Sum of sqrts: {0}”,total);

Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed milliseconds: {0}”,

timer.ElapsedMilliseconds);

Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed time: {0}”, timer.Elapsed);
 

现在已经有专门的工具来检测程序的运行时间,可以细化到每个方法,比如dotNetPerformance软件。

以上面的代码为例子,您需要直接修改源代码,如果是用来测试程序,则有些不方便。请参考下面的例子。

class AutoStopwatch : System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch, IDisposable

{

   public AutoStopwatch()

   { 

       Start();

   }

   public void Dispose()

   {

       Stop();

       Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed: {0}”, this.Elapsed);

   }

}

借助于using语法,像下面的代码所示,可以检查一段代码的运行时间,并打印在控制台上。

using (new AutoStopwatch())

{

    Decimal total2 = 0;

    int limit2 = 1000000;

    for (int i = 0; i < limit2; ++i)

    {

       total2 = total2 + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i);

    }

}
 

 

 

10 使用光标

当程序正在后台运行保存或是册除操作时,应当将光标状态修改为忙碌。可使用下面的技巧。

class AutoWaitCursor : IDisposable

{

private Control _target;

private Cursor _prevCursor = Cursors.Default;

public AutoWaitCursor(Control control)

{

   if (control == null)

   {

     throw new ArgumentNullException(“control”);

   }

   _target = control;

   _prevCursor = _target.Cursor;

   _target.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor;

}

public void Dispose()

{

   _target.Cursor = _prevCursor;

}

}
 

用法如下所示,这个写法,是为了预料到程序可能会抛出异常

using (new AutoWaitCursor(this))

{

...

throw new Exception();

}

如代码所示,即使抛出异常,光标也可以恢复到之间的状态。

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