2020-03-24

Datawhale 零基础入门数据挖掘-Task2 数据分析 【代码摘要】

赛题：零基础入门数据挖掘 - 二手车交易价格预测

地址：[https://tianchi.aliyun.com/competition/entrance/231784/introduction?spm=5176.12281957.1004.1.38b02448ausjSX]

EDA的价值主要在于熟悉数据集，了解数据集，对数据集进行验证来确定所获得数据集可以用于接下来的机器学习或者深度学习使用。
1.载入各种包

#coding:utf-8
#导入warnings包，利用过滤器来实现忽略警告语句。
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import missingno as msno

2.载入数据

## 1) 载入训练集和测试集；
Train_data = pd.read_csv('./data/used_car_train_20200313.csv', sep=' ')
Test_data = pd.read_csv('./data/used_car_testA_20200313.csv', sep=' ')

3. describe种有每列的统计量，个数count、平均值mean、方差std、最小值min、中位数25% 50% 75% 、以及最大值 看这个信息主要是瞬间掌握数据的大概的范围以及每个值的异常值的判断，比如有的时候会发现999 9999 -1 等值这些其实都是nan的另外一种表达方式，有的时候需要注意下
   info 通过info来了解数据每列的type，有助于了解是否存在除了nan以外的特殊符号异常

## 1) 通过describe()来熟悉数据的相关统计量
Train_data.describe()
Test_data.describe()
## 2) 通过info()来熟悉数据类型
Train_data.info()
Test_data.info()

4.判断数据缺失核异常

## 1) 查看每列的存在nan情况
Train_data.isnull().sum()
Test_data.isnull().sum()
# nan可视化
missing = Train_data.isnull().sum()
missing = missing[missing > 0]
missing.sort_values(inplace=True)
missing.plot.bar()
# 可视化看下缺省值
msno.matrix(Train_data.sample(250))
msno.matrix(Test_data.sample(250))

## 2) 查看异常值检测
Train_data.info()

5.了解预测值的分布

Train_data['price']
Train_data['price'].value_counts()

## 1) 总体分布概况（无界约翰逊分布等）
import scipy.stats as st
y = Train_data['price']
plt.figure(1); plt.title('Johnson SU')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.johnsonsu)
plt.figure(2); plt.title('Normal')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.norm)
plt.figure(3); plt.title('Log Normal')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.lognorm)

#价格不服从正态分布，所以在进行回归之前，它必须进行转换。虽然对数变换做得很好，但最佳拟合是无界约翰逊分布
## 2) 查看skewness and kurtosis
sns.distplot(Train_data['price']);
print("Skewness: %f" % Train_data['price'].skew())
print("Kurtosis: %f" % Train_data['price'].kurt())
Train_data.skew(), Train_data.kurt()

6. 特征分为类别特征和数字特征，并对类别特征查看unique分布

numeric_features = ['power', 'kilometer', 'v_0', 'v_1', 'v_2', 'v_3', 'v_4', 'v_5', 'v_6', 'v_7', 'v_8', 'v_9', 'v_10', 'v_11', 'v_12', 'v_13','v_14' ]

categorical_features = ['name', 'model', 'brand', 'bodyType', 'fuelType', 'gearbox', 'notRepairedDamage', 'regionCode',]

# 特征nunique分布
for cat_fea in categorical_features:
    print(cat_fea + "的特征分布如下：")
    print("{}特征有个{}不同的值".format(cat_fea, Train_data[cat_fea].nunique()))
    print(Train_data[cat_fea].value_counts())

# 特征nunique分布
for cat_fea in categorical_features:
    print(cat_fea + "的特征分布如下：")
    print("{}特征有个{}不同的值".format(cat_fea, Test_data[cat_fea].nunique()))
    print(Test_data[cat_fea].value_counts())

7. 数字特征分析

numeric_features.append('price')

## 1) 相关性分析
price_numeric = Train_data[numeric_features]
correlation = price_numeric.corr()
print(correlation['price'].sort_values(ascending = False),'\n')

f , ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7, 7))

plt.title('Correlation of Numeric Features with Price',y=1,size=16)

sns.heatmap(correlation,square = True,  vmax=0.8)


## 2) 查看几个特征得 偏度和峰值
for col in numeric_features:
    print('{:15}'.format(col), 
          'Skewness: {:05.2f}'.format(Train_data[col].skew()) , 
          '   ' ,
          'Kurtosis: {:06.2f}'.format(Train_data[col].kurt())  
         )

## 3) 每个数字特征得分布可视化
f = pd.melt(Train_data, value_vars=numeric_features)
g = sns.FacetGrid(f, col="variable",  col_wrap=2, sharex=False, sharey=False)
g = g.map(sns.distplot, "value")


## 4) 数字特征相互之间的关系可视化
sns.set()
columns = ['price', 'v_12', 'v_8' , 'v_0', 'power', 'v_5',  'v_2', 'v_6', 'v_1', 'v_14']
sns.pairplot(Train_data[columns],size = 2 ,kind ='scatter',diag_kind='kde')
plt.show()

## 5) 多变量互相回归关系可视化
fig, ((ax1, ax2), (ax3, ax4), (ax5, ax6), (ax7, ax8), (ax9, ax10)) = plt.subplots(nrows=5, ncols=2, figsize=(24, 20))
# ['v_12', 'v_8' , 'v_0', 'power', 'v_5',  'v_2', 'v_6', 'v_1', 'v_14']
v_12_scatter_plot = pd.concat([Y_train,Train_data['v_12']],axis = 1)
sns.regplot(x='v_12',y = 'price', data = v_12_scatter_plot,scatter= True, fit_reg=True, ax=ax1)

v_8_scatter_plot = pd.concat([Y_train,Train_data['v_8']],axis = 1)
sns.regplot(x='v_8',y = 'price',data = v_8_scatter_plot,scatter= True, fit_reg=True, ax=ax2)

v_0_scatter_plot = pd.concat([Y_train,Train_data['v_0']],axis = 1)
sns.regplot(x='v_0',y = 'price',data = v_0_scatter_plot,scatter= True, fit_reg=True, ax=ax3)

power_scatter_plot = pd.concat([Y_train,Train_data['power']],axis = 1)
sns.regplot(x='power',y = 'price',data = power_scatter_plot,scatter= True, fit_reg=True, ax=ax4)

v_5_scatter_plot = pd.concat([Y_train,Train_data['v_5']],axis = 1)
sns.regplot(x='v_5',y = 'price',data = v_5_scatter_plot,scatter= True, fit_reg=True, ax=ax5)

v_2_scatter_plot = pd.concat([Y_train,Train_data['v_2']],axis = 1)
sns.regplot(x='v_2',y = 'price',data = v_2_scatter_plot,scatter= True, fit_reg=True, ax=ax6)

v_6_scatter_plot = pd.concat([Y_train,Train_data['v_6']],axis = 1)
sns.regplot(x='v_6',y = 'price',data = v_6_scatter_plot,scatter= True, fit_reg=True, ax=ax7)

v_1_scatter_plot = pd.concat([Y_train,Train_data['v_1']],axis = 1)
sns.regplot(x='v_1',y = 'price',data = v_1_scatter_plot,scatter= True, fit_reg=True, ax=ax8)

v_14_scatter_plot = pd.concat([Y_train,Train_data['v_14']],axis = 1)
sns.regplot(x='v_14',y = 'price',data = v_14_scatter_plot,scatter= True, fit_reg=True, ax=ax9)

v_13_scatter_plot = pd.concat([Y_train,Train_data['v_13']],axis = 1)
sns.regplot(x='v_13',y = 'price',data = v_13_scatter_plot,scatter= True, fit_reg=True, ax=ax10)

8. 类别特征分析

## 1) unique分布
for fea in categorical_features:
    print(Train_data[fea].nunique())
categorical_features

## 2) 类别特征箱形图可视化

# 因为 name和 regionCode的类别太稀疏了，这里我们把不稀疏的几类画一下
categorical_features = ['model',
 'brand',
 'bodyType',
 'fuelType',
 'gearbox',
 'notRepairedDamage']
for c in categorical_features:
    Train_data[c] = Train_data[c].astype('category')
    if Train_data[c].isnull().any():
        Train_data[c] = Train_data[c].cat.add_categories(['MISSING'])
        Train_data[c] = Train_data[c].fillna('MISSING')

def boxplot(x, y, **kwargs):
    sns.boxplot(x=x, y=y)
    x=plt.xticks(rotation=90)

f = pd.melt(Train_data, id_vars=['price'], value_vars=categorical_features)
g = sns.FacetGrid(f, col="variable",  col_wrap=2, sharex=False, sharey=False, size=5)
g = g.map(boxplot, "value", "price")

## 3) 类别特征的小提琴图可视化
catg_list = categorical_features
target = 'price'
for catg in catg_list :
    sns.violinplot(x=catg, y=target, data=Train_data)
    plt.show()

categorical_features = ['model',
 'brand',
 'bodyType',
 'fuelType',
 'gearbox',
 'notRepairedDamage']

## 4) 类别特征的柱形图可视化
def bar_plot(x, y, **kwargs):
    sns.barplot(x=x, y=y)
    x=plt.xticks(rotation=90)

f = pd.melt(Train_data, id_vars=['price'], value_vars=categorical_features)
g = sns.FacetGrid(f, col="variable",  col_wrap=2, sharex=False, sharey=False, size=5)
g = g.map(bar_plot, "value", "price")


##  5) 类别特征的每个类别频数可视化(count_plot)
def count_plot(x,  **kwargs):
    sns.countplot(x=x)
    x=plt.xticks(rotation=90)

f = pd.melt(Train_data,  value_vars=categorical_features)
g = sns.FacetGrid(f, col="variable",  col_wrap=2, sharex=False, sharey=False, size=5)
g = g.map(count_plot, "value")

9. 用pandas_profiling生成数据报告
   用pandas_profiling生成一个较为全面的可视化和数据报告(较为简单、方便) 最终打开html文件即可

import pandas_profiling
pfr = pandas_profiling.ProfileReport(Train_data)
pfr.to_file("./example.html")