用traefik 做一个本机docker环境的代理，对于开发人员用起来还是挺方便的， 搞一个泛解析的域名，然后部署一个容器，就能马上用二级域名访问，至少不用烦心端口的相互占用。
traefik 是用来做反向代理和负载均衡的，在原生云环境中能动态的根据后端的变化而动态配置，适合微服和kubernetes这种service 频繁变化的应用环境，traefik 可以在docker，kubernetes ,或者独立运行。traefik的后台配置支持非常多比如docker，k8s，etcd，zookeeper。 traefik 2比1版本的主要区别之一，是增加了Middlewares这样一个中间层，这样意味着代理的流量还可以在traefik里面周游一圈洗个澡了再出来，效率怎么样还不好说，至少又多了一层控制手段。想着用就用个新版的，没事用一用可以为将来做准备。
这里主要用traefik 2.1 以docker为配置后端实际操作一下，为开发人员开一个方便之门。假设你已经安装好docker，和docker-compose,为了区别具体环境，输出一下我的本地环境。
[root@one ~]# rpm -qa |grep docker
docker-ce-cli-19.03.4-3.el7.x86_64
docker-ce-19.03.4-3.el7.x86_64
[root@one ~]# docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.25.0, build 0a186604
docker-py version: 4.1.0
CPython version: 3.7.4
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0l 10 Sep 2019
一个traefik,mysql,phpmyadmin 的样例
编写docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
volumes:
mysql_data:
driver: local
services:
mysql:
image: mysql:5.7.26
container_name: mysql
volumes:
- mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
MYSQL_DATABASE: keycloak
MYSQL_USER: keycloak
MYSQL_PASSWORD: password
ports:
- 3306:3306
networks:
default:
aliases:
- mysql
phpmyadmin:
image: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin:edge-4.9
labels:
- "traefik.http.routers.phpmyadmin.rule=Host(`pma.xilin.com`)"
- "traefik.http.services.phpmyadmin.loadbalancer.server.port=80"
- "traefik.enable=true"
container_name: phpmyadmin
environment:
PMA_HOST: mysql
PMA_PORT: 3306
PMA_USER: root
PMA_PASSWORD: root
networks:
default:
aliases:
- phpmyadmin
depends_on:
- mysql
traefik:
image: traefik:2.1
container_name: traefik
volumes:
- /etc/traefik/traefik.toml:/etc/traefik/traefik.toml
- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
networks:
default:
aliases:
- traefik
ports:
- 80:80
- 443:443
- 8080:8080
traefik.toml配置
################################################################
# Global configuration
################################################################
[global]
checkNewVersion = true
sendAnonymousUsage = true
################################################################
# Entrypoints configuration
################################################################
# Entrypoints definition
#
# Optional
# Default:
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.web]
address = ":80"
[entryPoints.websecure]
address = ":443"
################################################################
# Traefik logs configuration
################################################################
# Traefik logs
# Enabled by default and log to stdout
#
# Optional
#
[log]
# Log level
#
# Optional
# Default: "ERROR"
#
# level = "DEBUG"
# Sets the filepath for the traefik log. If not specified, stdout will be used.
# Intermediate directories are created if necessary.
#
# Optional
# Default: os.Stdout
#
# filePath = "log/traefik.log"
# Format is either "json" or "common".
#
# Optional
# Default: "common"
#
# format = "json"
################################################################
# Access logs configuration
################################################################
# Enable access logs
# By default it will write to stdout and produce logs in the textual
# Common Log Format (CLF), extended with additional fields.
#
# Optional
#
# [accessLog]
# Sets the file path for the access log. If not specified, stdout will be used.
# Intermediate directories are created if necessary.
#
# Optional
# Default: os.Stdout
#
# filePath = "/path/to/log/log.txt"
# Format is either "json" or "common".
#
# Optional
# Default: "common"
#
# format = "json"
################################################################
# API and dashboard configuration
################################################################
# Enable API and dashboard
[api]
# Enable the API in insecure mode
#
# Optional
# Default: true
#
insecure = true
# Enabled Dashboard
#
# Optional
# Default: true
#
dashboard = true
################################################################
# Ping configuration
################################################################
# Enable ping
[ping]
# Name of the related entry point
#
# Optional
# Default: "traefik"
#
# entryPoint = "traefik"
################################################################
# Docker configuration backend
################################################################
# Enable Docker configuration backend
[providers.docker]
# Docker server endpoint. Can be a tcp or a unix socket endpoint.
#
# Required
# Default: "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
#
# endpoint = "tcp://10.10.10.10:2375"
# domain = "xilin.com"
# Default host rule.
#
# Optional
# Default: "Host(`{{ normalize .Name }}`)"
#
#defaultRule = "Host(`{{ normalize .Name }}.docker.localhost`)"
defaultRule = "Host(`{{ .Name }}.xilin.com`)"
# Expose containers by default in traefik
#
# Optional
# Default: true
#
exposedByDefault = false
敲黑板，注：
- traefik有默认的defaultRule = "Host(
{{ normalize .Name }}.docker.localhost)"
他产生的域名应该是 serviceName - userName.docker.loalhost。 - 但你更依靠docker-compose.yml中的labels让traefik为你工作， 注意labels 的书写方式，网上有很多文章不一样，应该是版本的差异，注意自己的使用环境。
labels:
- "traefik.http.routers.phpmyadmin.rule=Host(pma.xilin.com)"
"traefik.http.services.rabbitmq.loadbalancer.server.port" 指定被代理的端口
traefik2 的界面比1的漂亮多了
1.png
2.png
3.png
至于 traefik 的中间层下次吧。
附录：
labels:
- "traefik.enable=true"
- "traefik.docker.network=foobar"
- "traefik.docker.lbswarm=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware00.addprefix.prefix=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware01.basicauth.headerfield=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware01.basicauth.realm=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware01.basicauth.removeheader=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware01.basicauth.users=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware01.basicauth.usersfile=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware02.buffering.maxrequestbodybytes=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware02.buffering.maxresponsebodybytes=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware02.buffering.memrequestbodybytes=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware02.buffering.memresponsebodybytes=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware02.buffering.retryexpression=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware03.chain.middlewares=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware04.circuitbreaker.expression=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware05.compress=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware06.digestauth.headerfield=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware06.digestauth.realm=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware06.digestauth.removeheader=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware06.digestauth.users=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware06.digestauth.usersfile=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware07.errors.query=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware07.errors.service=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware07.errors.status=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware08.forwardauth.address=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware08.forwardauth.authresponseheaders=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware08.forwardauth.tls.ca=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware08.forwardauth.tls.caoptional=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware08.forwardauth.tls.cert=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware08.forwardauth.tls.insecureskipverify=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware08.forwardauth.tls.key=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware08.forwardauth.trustforwardheader=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.accesscontrolallowcredentials=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.accesscontrolallowheaders=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.accesscontrolallowmethods=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.accesscontrolalloworigin=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.accesscontrolexposeheaders=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.accesscontrolmaxage=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.addvaryheader=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.allowedhosts=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.browserxssfilter=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.contentsecuritypolicy=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.contenttypenosniff=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.custombrowserxssvalue=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.customframeoptionsvalue=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.customrequestheaders.name0=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.customrequestheaders.name1=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.customresponseheaders.name0=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.customresponseheaders.name1=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.featurepolicy=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.forcestsheader=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.framedeny=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.hostsproxyheaders=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.isdevelopment=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.publickey=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.referrerpolicy=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.sslforcehost=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.sslhost=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.sslproxyheaders.name0=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.sslproxyheaders.name1=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.sslredirect=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.ssltemporaryredirect=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.stsincludesubdomains=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.stspreload=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware09.headers.stsseconds=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware10.ipwhitelist.ipstrategy.depth=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware10.ipwhitelist.ipstrategy.excludedips=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware10.ipwhitelist.sourcerange=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware11.inflightreq.amount=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware11.inflightreq.sourcecriterion.ipstrategy.depth=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware11.inflightreq.sourcecriterion.ipstrategy.excludedips=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware11.inflightreq.sourcecriterion.requestheadername=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware11.inflightreq.sourcecriterion.requesthost=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.issuer.commonname=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.issuer.country=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.issuer.domaincomponent=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.issuer.locality=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.issuer.organization=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.issuer.province=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.issuer.serialnumber=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.notafter=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.notbefore=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.sans=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.subject.commonname=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.subject.country=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.subject.domaincomponent=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.subject.locality=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.subject.organization=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.subject.province=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.info.subject.serialnumber=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware12.passtlsclientcert.pem=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware13.ratelimit.average=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware13.ratelimit.burst=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware13.ratelimit.sourcecriterion.ipstrategy.depth=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware13.ratelimit.sourcecriterion.ipstrategy.excludedips=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware13.ratelimit.sourcecriterion.requestheadername=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware13.ratelimit.sourcecriterion.requesthost=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware14.redirectregex.permanent=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware14.redirectregex.regex=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware14.redirectregex.replacement=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware15.redirectscheme.permanent=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware15.redirectscheme.port=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware15.redirectscheme.scheme=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware16.replacepath.path=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware17.replacepathregex.regex=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware17.replacepathregex.replacement=foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware18.retry.attempts=42"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware19.stripprefix.forceslash=true"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware19.stripprefix.prefixes=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.middlewares.middleware20.stripprefixregex.regex=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.entrypoints=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.middlewares=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.priority=42"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.rule=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.service=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.tls=true"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.tls.certresolver=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.tls.domains[0].main=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.tls.domains[0].sans=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.tls.domains[1].main=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.tls.domains[1].sans=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router0.tls.options=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.entrypoints=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.middlewares=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.priority=42"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.rule=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.service=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.tls=true"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.tls.certresolver=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.tls.domains[0].main=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.tls.domains[0].sans=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.tls.domains[1].main=foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.tls.domains[1].sans=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.http.routers.router1.tls.options=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.healthcheck.headers.name0=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.healthcheck.headers.name1=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.healthcheck.hostname=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.healthcheck.interval=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.healthcheck.path=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.healthcheck.port=42"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.healthcheck.scheme=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.healthcheck.timeout=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.passhostheader=true"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.responseforwarding.flushinterval=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.sticky=true"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.sticky.cookie.httponly=true"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.sticky.cookie.name=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.sticky.cookie.secure=true"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.server.port=foobar"
- "traefik.http.services.service01.loadbalancer.server.scheme=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.entrypoints=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.rule=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.service=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.tls=true"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.tls.certresolver=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.tls.domains[0].main=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.tls.domains[0].sans=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.tls.domains[1].main=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.tls.domains[1].sans=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.tls.options=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter0.tls.passthrough=true"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.entrypoints=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.rule=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.service=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.tls=true"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.tls.certresolver=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.tls.domains[0].main=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.tls.domains[0].sans=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.tls.domains[1].main=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.tls.domains[1].sans=foobar, foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.tls.options=foobar"
- "traefik.tcp.routers.tcprouter1.tls.passthrough=true"
- "traefik.tcp.services.tcpservice01.loadbalancer.terminationdelay=42"
- "traefik.tcp.services.tcpservice01.loadbalancer.server.port=foobar"