2014年高考英语江苏卷 - 阅读理解C

Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
最具破坏性的是，愤怒削弱了一个人清晰思考和控制自己行为的能力。愤怒的人在评估引起他愤怒的人或情况的情感意义时会失去客观性。

Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer regard duels as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
并非每个人都以同样的方式经历愤怒；激怒一个人的事可能会逗乐另一个人。基于生物和文化力量，愤怒的具体表达也因人而异。在当代文化中，愤怒的身体表达通常被认为对社会危害太大，无法容忍。我们不再将决斗视为一个人意识到另一个人的侮辱行为而产生的愤怒的适当表达。

Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.
愤怒可以在大脑中识别出来，那里的电活动会发生变化。在大多数情况下，脑电图(脑电图) 电活动测量显示左右前额叶的活动平衡(额叶前部) 区域。在行为上，这与一般的公平处置相对应(意向) 我们大多数人拥有大部分时间。但当我们愤怒时，左右前额叶的脑电图并不平衡，因此，我们可能会做出反应。我们对愤怒的行为反应不同于我们对其他情绪的反应，无论是积极的还是消极的。
愤怒可以在大脑中识别出来，那里的电活动会发生变化。在大多数情况下，脑电图对电活动的测量显示左右前额叶区域的活动平衡。从行为上来说，这与我们大多数人在大多数时候所拥有的一般中立意向相对应。但当我们愤怒时，左右前额叶的脑电图并不平衡，因此，我们可能会做出反应。我们对愤怒的行为反应不同于我们对其他情绪的反应，无论是积极的还是消极的。

Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
大多数积极情绪都与趋向行为有关：我们更接近我们喜欢的人。相比之下，大多数负面情绪都与回避行为有关：我们远离我们不喜欢或让我们焦虑的人和事。但愤怒是这种模式的一个例外。我们越愤怒，就越有可能走向愤怒的目标。这与心理学家所说的冒犯性愤怒相对应：愤怒的人走近一些，以影响和控制引起他愤怒的人或情况。这种方法和对抗行为伴随着脑电图活动的左前额叶不对称。有趣的是，如果愤怒的人能够体验到对做出愤怒反应的人的同理心，这种不对称就会减轻。相反，在防御性愤怒中，脑电图的不对称性指向右侧，愤怒的人在愤怒激发的情况下感到无助。