Ubuntu 22.04 镜像自定义制作

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1、下载镜像

系统环境：ubuntu 22.04
镜像地址：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases

root@ubuntu:~# apt install -y p7zip xorriso
root@ubuntu:~# mkdir ubuntu && cd ubuntu
root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# mkdir source-files
root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# ls ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso    # 放入下载镜像
ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso

2、解压镜像

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# 7z -y x ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso -osource-files
root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# mv source-files/'[BOOT]' BOOT

3、配置grub.cfg

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# vim source-files/boot/grub/grub.cfg
menuentry "AutoInstall Ubuntu Server" {
        set gfxpayload=keep
        linux   /casper/vmlinuz quiet autoinstall ds=nocloud\;s=/cdrom/nocloud/ ---
        initrd  /casper/initrd
}

4、配置meta-data和user-data

storage:layout-name：direct（or lvm）

（1）创建目录与文件

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# mkdir source-files/nocloud
root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# touch source-files/nocloud/meta-data

（2）配置user-data

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# vim source-files/nocloud/user-data
#cloud-config
autoinstall:
  codecs:
    install: false
  drivers:
    install: false
  identity:
    hostname: ubuntu
    password: $6$I2W1KKabAWXxZNrn$C0spr.EGn7.Rb0MewVU5vSXdugx9m0cH/bdnsDUs/kbXZ6JhhNA6UJj4Rgjhr7u3ky8WNNIBJCOOI.tO9Xeti/
    realname: wielun
    username: wielun
  kernel:
    package: linux-generic
  keyboard:
    layout: us
    toggle: null
    variant: ''
  locale: en_US.UTF-8
  timezone: Asia/Shanghai
  network:
    version: 2
    ethernets:
      en:
        match:
          name: "en*"
        dhcp4: false
        dhcp6: false
        addresses:
          - 192.168.168.168/24
        nameservers:
          addresses: []
  source:
    id: ubuntu-server
    search_drivers: false
  ssh:
    allow-pw: true
    authorized-keys: []
    install-server: true
  storage:
    layout:
      name: direct
  updates: security
  version: 1

5、生成镜像

（1）查看基础镜像信息

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# xorriso -indev ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso -report_el_torito as_mkisofs
xorriso 1.5.4 : RockRidge filesystem manipulator, libburnia project.

xorriso : NOTE : Loading ISO image tree from LBA 0
xorriso : UPDATE :     820 nodes read in 1 seconds
libisofs: NOTE : Found hidden El-Torito image for EFI.
libisofs: NOTE : EFI image start and size: 1024860 * 2048 , 10068 * 512
xorriso : NOTE : Detected El-Torito boot information which currently is set to be discarded
Drive current: -indev 'ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso'
Media current: stdio file, overwriteable
Media status : is written , is appendable
Boot record  : El Torito , MBR protective-msdos-label grub2-mbr cyl-align-off GPT
Media summary: 1 session, 1027543 data blocks, 2007m data,  319g free
Volume id    : 'Ubuntu-Server 22.04.4 LTS amd64'
-V 'Ubuntu-Server 22.04.4 LTS amd64'
--modification-date='2024021623523000'
--grub2-mbr --interval:local_fs:0s-15s:zero_mbrpt,zero_gpt:'ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso'
--protective-msdos-label
-partition_cyl_align off
-partition_offset 16
--mbr-force-bootable
-append_partition 2 28732ac11ff8d211ba4b00a0c93ec93b --interval:local_fs:4099440d-4109507d::'ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso'
-appended_part_as_gpt
-iso_mbr_part_type a2a0d0ebe5b9334487c068b6b72699c7
-c '/boot.catalog'
-b '/boot/grub/i386-pc/eltorito.img'
-no-emul-boot
-boot-load-size 4
-boot-info-table
--grub2-boot-info
-eltorito-alt-boot
-e '--interval:appended_partition_2_start_1024860s_size_10068d:all::'
-no-emul-boot
-boot-load-size 10068

（2）生成镜像

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# cd source-files/
root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu/source-files# xorriso -as mkisofs -r \
  -V 'Ubuntu 22.04 LTS AUTO (EFIBIOS)' \
  -o ~/ubuntu-22.04-server-autoinstall.iso \
  --grub2-mbr ../BOOT/1-Boot-NoEmul.img \
  -partition_cyl_align off \
  -partition_offset 16 \
  --mbr-force-bootable \
  -append_partition 2 28732ac11ff8d211ba4b00a0c93ec93b ../BOOT/2-Boot-NoEmul.img \
  -appended_part_as_gpt \
  -iso_mbr_part_type a2a0d0ebe5b9334487c068b6b72699c7 \
  -c '/boot.catalog' \
  -b '/boot/grub/i386-pc/eltorito.img' \
    -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table --grub2-boot-info \
  -eltorito-alt-boot \
  -e '--interval:appended_partition_2:::' \
  -no-emul-boot \
  .

参考文章： Ubuntu 22.04 Server Autoinstall ISO