在实际应用中,我们经常会遇到这样的场景,当页面加载完成后去做一些事情:绑定事件、DOM操作某些结点等。原来比较常用的是window的onload 事件,而该事件的实际效果是:当页面解析/DOM树建立完成,并完成了诸如图片、脚本、样式表甚至是iframe中所有资源的下载后才触发的。这对于很多 实际的应用而言有点太“迟”了,比较影响用户体验。为了解决这个问题,ff中便增加了一个DOMContentLoaded方法,与onload相比,该 方法触发的时间更早,它是在页面的DOM内容加载完成后即触发,而无需等待其他资源的加载。Webkit引擎从版本525(Webkit nightly 1/2008:525+)开始也引入了该事件,Opera中也包含该方法。到目前为止主流的IE仍然没有要添加的意思。虽然IE下没有,但总是有解决办法 的,下文对比了一下几大主流框架对于该事件的兼容性版本实现方案,涉及的框架包括:
实现代码
1 ( function () {
2 /* Support for the DOMContentLoaded event is based on work by Dan Webb,
3 Matthias Miller, Dean Edwards and John Resig. */
4 var timer;
5 function fireContentLoadedEvent() {
6 if (document.loaded) return ;
7 if (timer) window.clearInterval(timer);
8 document.fire( " dom:loaded " );
9 document.loaded = true ;
10 }
11 if (document.addEventListener) {
12 if (Prototype.Browser.WebKit) {
13 timer = window.setInterval( function () {
14 if ( / loaded|complete / .test(document.readyState))
15 fireContentLoadedEvent();
16 }, 0 );
17 Event.observe(window, " load " , fireContentLoadedEvent);
18 } else {
19 document.addEventListener( " DOMContentLoaded " ,
20 fireContentLoadedEvent, false );
21 }
22 } else {
23 document.write( " < " + " script id=__onDOMContentLoaded defer src=//:><\/script> " );
24 $( " __onDOMContentLoaded " ).onreadystatechange = function () {
25 if ( this .readyState == " complete " ) {
26 this .onreadystatechange = null ;
27 fireContentLoadedEvent();
28 }
29 };
30 }
31 })();
实现思路如下:
该实现方式的问题主要有两点:第一、通过document.write写script并设置defer的方法在页面包含iframe的情况下,会等到 iframe内的内容加载完后才触发,这与onload没有太大的区别;第二、Webkit在525以上的版本引入了DOMContentLoaded方 法,因此在这些版本中无需再通过轮询来实现,可以优化。
1 function bindReady(){
2 if ( readyBound ) return ;
3 readyBound = true ;
4 // Mozilla, Opera and webkit nightlies currently support this event
5 if ( document.addEventListener ) {
6 // Use the handy event callback
7 document.addEventListener( " DOMContentLoaded " , function (){
8 document.removeEventListener( " DOMContentLoaded " , arguments.callee, false );
9 jQuery.ready();
10 }, false );
11 // If IE event model is used
12 } else if ( document.attachEvent ) {
13 // ensure firing before onload,
14 // maybe late but safe also for iframes
15 document.attachEvent( " onreadystatechange " , function (){
16 if ( document.readyState === " complete " ) {
17 document.detachEvent( " onreadystatechange " , arguments.callee );
18 jQuery.ready();
19 }
20 });
21 // If IE and not an iframe
22 // continually check to see if the document is ready
23 if ( document.documentElement.doScroll && typeof window.frameElement === " undefined " ) ( function (){
24 if ( jQuery.isReady ) return ;
25 try {
26 // If IE is used, use the trick by Diego Perini
27 // http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/
28 document.documentElement.doScroll( " left " );
29 } catch ( error ) {
30 setTimeout( arguments.callee, 0 );
31 return ;
32 }
33 // and execute any waiting functions
34 jQuery.ready();
35 })();
36 }
37 // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
38 jQuery.event.add( window, " load " , jQuery.ready );
39 }
实现思路如下:
jQuery对于IE的解决方案,使用了一种新的方法,该方法源自http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/。 它的原理是,在IE下,DOM的某些方法只有在DOM解析完成后才可以调用,doScroll就是这样一个方法,反过来当能调用doScroll的时候即 是DOM解析完成之时,与prototype中的document.write相比,该方案可以解决页面有iframe时失效的问题。此外,jQuery 似乎担心当页面处于iframe中时,该方法会失效,因此实现代码中做了判断,如果是在iframe中则通过document的 onreadystatechange来实现,否则通过doScroll来实现。不过经测试,即使是在iframe中,doScroll依然有效。
1 ( function (){
2 var domready = function (){
3 if (Browser.loaded) return ;
4 Browser.loaded = true ;
5 window.fireEvent( ' domready ' );
6 document.fireEvent( ' domready ' );
7 };
8 if (Browser.Engine.trident){
9 var temp = document.createElement( ' div ' );
10 ( function (){
11 ($ try ( function (){
12 temp.doScroll( ' left ' );
13 return $(temp).inject(document.body).set( ' html ' , ' temp ' ).dispose();
14 })) ? domready() : arguments.callee.delay( 50 );
15 })();
16 } else if (Browser.Engine.webkit && Browser.Engine.version < 525 ){
17 ( function (){
18 ([ ' loaded ' , ' complete ' ].contains(document.readyState)) ? domready() : arguments.callee.delay( 50 );
19 })();
20 } else {
21 window.addEvent( ' load ' , domready);
22 document.addEvent( ' DOMContentLoaded ' , domready);
23 }
24 })();
实现思路如下:
Moontools的实现方案prototype和jQeury中的综合体,对webkit做了版本判断则使得该方案更加的健壮。在doScroll的实现方面,与jQuery相比,这里是新建了一个div元素,并且在使用完毕后进行销毁,而jQuery则直接使用了documentElement的 doScroll来检测,更简单高效一些。
1 // START DOMContentLoaded
2 // Mozilla and Opera 9 expose the event we could use
3 if (document.addEventListener){
4 // NOTE:
5 // due to a threading issue in Firefox 2.0, we can't enable
6 // DOMContentLoaded on that platform. For more information, see:
7 // http://trac.dojotoolkit.org/ticket/1704
8 if (dojo.isOpera || dojo.isFF >= 3 || (dojo.isMoz && dojo.config.enableMozDomContentLoaded === true )){
9 document.addEventListener( " DOMContentLoaded " , dojo._loadInit, null );
10 }
11 // mainly for Opera 8.5, won't be fired if DOMContentLoaded fired already.
12 // also used for Mozilla because of trac #1640
13 window.addEventListener( " load " , dojo._loadInit, null );
14 }
15 if (dojo.isAIR){
16 window.addEventListener( " load " , dojo._loadInit, null );
17 } else if ( / (WebKit|khtml) / i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ // sniff
18 dojo._khtmlTimer = setInterval( function (){
19 if ( / loaded|complete / .test(document.readyState)){
20 dojo._loadInit(); // call the onload handler
21 }
22 }, 10 );
23 }
24 // END DOMContentLoaded
25
26 ( function (){
27 var _w = window;
28 var _handleNodeEvent = function ( /* String */ evtName, /* Function */ fp){
29 // summary:
30 // non-destructively adds the specified function to the node's
31 // evtName handler.
32 // evtName: should be in the form "onclick" for "onclick" handlers.
33 // Make sure you pass in the "on" part.
34 var oldHandler = _w[evtName] || function (){};
35 _w[evtName] = function (){
36 fp.apply(_w, arguments);
37 oldHandler.apply(_w, arguments);
38 };
39 };
40 if (dojo.isIE){
41 // for Internet Explorer. readyState will not be achieved on init
42 // call, but dojo doesn't need it however, we'll include it
43 // because we don't know if there are other functions added that
44 // might. Note that this has changed because the build process
45 // strips all comments -- including conditional ones.
46 if ( ! dojo.config.afterOnLoad){
47 document.write( ' <scr ' + ' ipt defer="" src="//:" +="" onreadystatechange="if(this.readyState==\'complete\'){ ' + dojo._scopeName + ' ._loadInit();}"> '
48 + ' </scr ' + ' ipt> '
49 );
50 }
51 try {
52 document.namespaces.add( " v " , " urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml " );
53 document.createStyleSheet().addRule( " v\\:* " , " behavior:url(#default#VML) " );
54 } catch (e){}
55 }
56 // FIXME: dojo.unloaded requires dojo scope, so using anon function wrapper.
57 _handleNodeEvent( " onbeforeunload " , function () {
58 dojo.unloaded();
59 });
60 _handleNodeEvent( " onunload " , function () {
61 dojo.windowUnloaded();
62 });
63 })();
实现思路如下:
Dojo在IE下的实现方案同样无法解决iframe的问题,而由于在FF2 下会有一个非常奇怪的Bug,因此默认只在FF3以上版本上使用DOMContentLoaded事件,同时又给了一个配置 -dojo.config.enableMozDomContentLoaded,如果在FF下将该配置设置为true则依然会使用 DOMContentLoaded来实现,这一点充分考虑到了灵活性。对于webkit的实现,与prototype一样有优化的空间。
1 ( function () {
2 /* ! DOMReady: based on work by: Dean Edwards/John Resig/Matthias Miller */
3 // Internet Explorer: use the readyState of a defered script.
4 // This isolates what appears to be a safe moment to manipulate
5 // the DOM prior to when the document's readyState suggests
6 // it is safe to do so.
7 if (EU.isIE) {
8 // Process onAvailable/onContentReady items when the
9 // DOM is ready.
10 YAHOO.util.Event.onDOMReady(
11 YAHOO.util.Event._tryPreloadAttach,
12 YAHOO.util.Event, true );
13 var n = document.createElement( ' p ' );
14 EU._dri = setInterval( function () {
15 try {
16 // throws an error if doc is not ready
17 n.doScroll( ' left ' );
18 clearInterval(EU._dri);
19 EU._dri = null ;
20 EU._ready();
21 n = null ;
22 } catch (ex) {
23 }
24 }, EU.POLL_INTERVAL);
25 // The document's readyState in Safari currently will
26 // change to loaded/complete before images are loaded.
27 } else if (EU.webkit && EU.webkit < 525 ) {
28 EU._dri = setInterval( function () {
29 var rs = document.readyState;
30 if ( " loaded " == rs || " complete " == rs) {
31 clearInterval(EU._dri);
32 EU._dri = null ;
33 EU._ready();
34 }
35 }, EU.POLL_INTERVAL);
36 // FireFox and Opera: These browsers provide a event for this
37 // moment. The latest WebKit releases now support this event.
38 } else {
39 EU._simpleAdd(document, " DOMContentLoaded " , EU._ready);
40 }
41 // ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
42 EU._simpleAdd(window, " load " , EU._load);
43 EU._simpleAdd(window, " unload " , EU._unload);
44 EU._tryPreloadAttach();
45 })();
实现思路与Moontools一样
1 function initDocReady(){
2 var COMPLETE = " complete " ;
3 docReadyEvent = new Ext.util.Event();
4 if (Ext.isGecko || Ext.isOpera) {
5 DOC.addEventListener(DOMCONTENTLOADED, fireDocReady, false );
6 } else if (Ext.isIE){
7 DOC.write( " <script id= " + IEDEFERED + " defer=defer src='/%27+%27/:'></script> " );
8 DOC.getElementById(IEDEFERED).onreadystatechange = function (){
9 if ( this .readyState == COMPLETE){
10 fireDocReady();
11 }
12 };
13 } else if (Ext.isWebKit){
14 docReadyProcId = setInterval( function (){
15 if (DOC.readyState == COMPLETE) {
16 fireDocReady();
17 }
18 }, 10 );
19 }
20 // no matter what, make sure it fires on load
21 E.on(WINDOW, " load " , fireDocReady);
22 }
实现思路与Dojo的一致,不再赘诉。
总结各大主流框架的做法,写了以下这个版本。主要是尽量的做到优化并考虑到FF2下的Bug,提供一个是否使用DOMContentLoaded的开关配置。
1 /*
2 * 注册浏览器的DOMContentLoaded事件
3 * @param { Function } onready [必填]在DOMContentLoaded事件触发时需要执行的函数
4 * @param { Object } config [可选]配置项
5 */
6 function onDOMContentLoaded(onready,config){
7 // 浏览器检测相关对象,在此为节省代码未实现,实际使用时需要实现。
8 // var Browser = {};
9 // 设置是否在FF下使用DOMContentLoaded(在FF2下的特定场景有Bug)
10 this .conf = {
11 enableMozDOMReady: true
12 };
13 if ( config )
14 for ( var p in config)
15 this .conf[p] = config[p];
16 var isReady = false ;
17 function doReady(){
18 if ( isReady ) return ;
19 // 确保onready只执行一次
20 isReady = true ;
21 onready();
22 }
23 /* IE */
24 if ( Browser.ie ){
25 ( function (){
26 if ( isReady ) return ;
27 try {
28 document.documentElement.doScroll( " left " );
29 } catch ( error ) {
30 setTimeout( arguments.callee, 0 );
31 return ;
32 }
33 doReady();
34 })();
35 window.attachEvent( ' onload ' ,doReady);
36 }
37 /* Webkit */
38 else if (Browser.webkit && Browser.version < 525 ){
39 ( function (){
40 if ( isReady ) return ;
41 if ( / loaded|complete / .test(document.readyState))
42 doReady();
43 else
44 setTimeout( arguments.callee, 0 );
45 })();
46 window.addEventListener( ' load ' ,doReady, false );
47 }
48 /* FF Opera 高版webkit 其他 */
49 else {
50 if ( ! Browser.ff || Browser.version != 2 || this .conf.enableMozDOMReady)
51 document.addEventListener( " DOMContentLoaded " , function (){
52 document.removeEventListener( " DOMContentLoaded " , arguments.callee, false );
53 doReady();
54 }, false );
55 window.addEventListener( ' load ' ,doReady, false );
56 }
57 }